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In this study, I have a clear grasp of the present state of the electronic Korean corpus that was built by North and South Korea. Through that corpus, I am able to clarify the distinction between the North Korea corpus and its counterpart in the South. I am also able to find a way to close the gaps. Subsequently, I will search for a method to integrate corpus in North and South Korea.

This research is aimed at studying the term 'Obunjagi' that appears in Jeju dialect in verbal neologism and analyzing the origin of thereof. Also, this research reviewed the historical change in form of the word 'abalone', a food similar to 'Obunjagi'. In Jeju dialect, there's a different point in respect that 'Obunjagi' has a similar shape as 'abalone', however the size of it is smaller than an abalone. 'Obunjagi' can be divided into 'Obun' and 'Jagi,' in terms of forming the word. The part 'Obun' has two possibilities. Firstly, 'Obun' can be said to be the form combined with '오-'[全], that is found in the northeast dialect and modifier ending '-ㄴ'. On the other hand, 'Obun' can be the meaning related to 'Tteok-', by associating with the standard language 'Tteokjogae'. 'Tteok-' had two meanings, 'big' and 'small', which does not accord with 'Obun' of 'Obunjagi' well. 'Jagi' is presumed to be a change type of 'Jagye'[貝] taken from Korean during the Middle Ages. Accordingly, 'Obunjagi' is presumed as another name of 'abalone'. Therefore, the words that belonged to 'abalone' are presumed to have had the native words affiliation such as 'be/bit' system and 'Obunjagi' system. On the other hand, 'Obunjagi' has various dialects such as 'Obunjagwi, Obunjaegi, Gomangbareu, Tteokjogaeng-i'. Among them, 'Obun' type is found in the whole area of Jeju, while 'Gomang' in some area of Seogwipo, and 'Tteokjogaeng-i' in some parts of Jeju. Besides, 제주방언 ‘오분자기’의 어휘사 69 there's a problem that dictionary description of 'Obunjagi' was explained as 'a small abalone'. 'Obunjagi' is different from abalone, accordingly, when it is explained as 'a small abalone', it could be misunderstood as 'a young abalone'. 'Obunjagi' is a kind of an isolated language that is not confirmed with morphological flexibility with other vocabulary in Jeju dialect, which can be said to be the borrowing of another regional language.

In indirect quotation '-go'(-고) is used as a quotation marker. This marker '-go' is originated from the connective ending '-go' which attaches to the quotation verb 'ha-'. Indirect quotation marker '-go' is fused with neutralized sentence final ending '-da', '-nya', '-ra', '-ja' (declarative, interrogative, imperative, suggestive sentence final ending respectively). So '-dago', '-nyago', '-rago', '-jago' are used in indirect quotation according to the sentence type of cited sentence. Not only are these markers used as indirect quotation markers, but also these are used as connective endings. These quotation markers do not have intrinsic meanings as connective endings. So the meanings of these markers are determined by the context-induced inference in subordinate conjoined sentences. In this paper precise meanings of these quotation markers('-dago', '-nyago', '-rago', '-jago') are elucidated. And the characteristics of the conjoined sentences which have indirect quotation markers as connective endings are discussed.

A man of distinguished lineage(士大夫) fell under the influence of the <DaeHak(大學)> ideology in the Joseon Dynasty period. The <DaeHak(大 學)> has three main principles and eight article. These three main points are search for new knowledge(格物致知), self-discipline(自己修養), governing of a country(治國平天下). Taekdang(澤堂) Lee－sik(李植) was born in the middle of the Joseon Dynasty period. Therefore he fell under the influence of the <DaeHak(大學)> ideology. We can analyze his Youngmulsi(詠物詩) with the <DaeHak(大學)>’s ideology. First, he started a detailed analysis of the matters and expressed a principle of the things with his Youngmulsi. Through the acquired knowledge, he expected to improve his self-consciousness. Ultimately, he gave a demonstration of a man of distinguished lineage's life and a public servant's responsibility. In addition, he denounced the corrupt politicians and exploitation by privileged power. He described the people who suffered from a natural disaster like drought, run of wet weather. Taekdang's Youngmulsi showed us an investigation of the causes of the things, such as self-discipline and, a public servant's responsibility. It seemed like the stereotype of written accounts when we really approached it at the level of the typology of the Youngmulsi in the Joseon period. Taekdang's Youngmulsi have the notable features of Youngmulsi, so it can be a part of the criteria in evaluation of another Youngmulsi.

Dendong-Eomi Hwajeonga is a work that doubles the story and play through 'playful narration' combining Dendongeomi's 'life story' with 'Hwajeon play'. Dendongeomi's winding life 'story', told in the Hwajeon play stage, is spread out to young widows and all women in the play field. The communicate with each other, consoling and healing each other's pain, here, the point of how Dendongeomi's story could have a big effect and significance was, its playful situation, as well as the fun 'story' itself. On the other hand, maximization of fun appeared due to the effect of the story also in the aspect of 'play'. Eventually, Dendong-Eomi Hwajeonga has the value as a text that can view the strong power of a story, present sense of the play where the story is told, and interaction between Dendongeomi who's telling the story and the listeners at the same time. Also, as Dendongeomi's dramatic life story is blended and spread in the present sense of 'Hwajeon play', Hwajeon play does not stop at one-off deviation, but establishes a close and significant narration. This way, a densely weaved narration shows 'Dendongeomi's identify finding' on one hand, while revealing 'a young widow's enlightenment and healing' on the other hand.

This study aims to discuss how Manners and Customs are combined with a poetic forms to generate a meaning by examining poems with festival theme written by Nho Cheon Myong. This research explores whether in the typical poetic world of Nho Cheon Myong the combination of solitude, ego, and femininity appears in her festival poems as in her other works, or if she attempted to expand her poetic world by adding an aspect of community spirit. Overall, this study looks into the characteristics of the manners and customs illustrated in her poetry, along with the meaning of perspectives of the narrators and observers in her poetry. Manners and Customs in Nho's poems appear in the forms of weddings, first-birthday parties, funerals, New Year’s Eve parties, New Year parties, the namsadang performance, etc. While a strong concept of family manners and customs is set as the base, such events in the poems also function as social events. Not only do these festivals have a personal meaning, but they also serve as a medium for people to express themselves toward society. For instance, people in the poems discover their personal identities as they begin getting alone and subsequently forge a relationship with other participants. The chapters were divided based on the characteristics of each poem and investigate meanings generated by the combination of features of a manners and customs poem, such as ambiguity of geographic space, the observational narrative and the invisible voice. In the second chapter, the ambiguity of geographic space becomes clear from the scene depicting manners and customs, where it also becomes obvious that such space exists in memories, rather than in reality. In the third chapter, it is revealed how the objective narrative and its invisible voice encourage participation and enhance solidarity of the community through its manners and customs. In the fourth chapter the variation of consciousness of narrators, who repeatedly have parties and come back to everyday life, is examined based on the "Namsadang" poetry.

The present study is aimed to examine the literary relation and life of poet Baek Seok and Kang So-chun, and to demonstrate their literary influence and correlation. Researching their relationship, scholars who are studying them have said that When the relationship between Baek Seok and Kang So-chun, they have assumed that Baek Seok wrote the work 'Prologue of Jack-o'-Lantern' in his letters, but Kang So-chun's 'Jack-o'-Lantern', which is a collection of poems for children, proved the reason why Baek Seok wrote 'Prologue of Jack-o'-Lantern'. The very reason is that Baek Seok was with Kang So-chun in Manchuria and Baek Seok got directly involved in the publication of Kang So-chun's 'Jack-o'-Lantern'. Although their fate of creative literature had been determined according to the logic of exclusion and selection at the outbreak of Korean Civil War, their literary works vividly show their influence over each other. It seems that Baek Seok had been influenced from his pupil Kang So-chun as much as the former has done on the latter. As Kang So-chun wrote children's stories and lyrics for children's songs, it can be conjectured that his master Baek Seok had also been interested in children's literature since he taught Kang So-chun. Particularly, one of the characteristics of children's songs that Kang So-chun wrote is a question-answer form. The children's poems by Baek Seok are in a question-answer style while the contents form a children's story. This can be interpreted as Kang So-chun's influence over his master's literature. Besides, there are literary correlations between these two writers in subjects and themes, which will be examined in a subsequent study.

Nineteen thirty-five was the year when Kim Gi-rim had a big change in his literary works. This study focused on 「Poetics of Morning」 which were serialized in the『Cho-sun Daily』 in 1935. Through the 「Poetics of Morning」, Kim Gi-rim tried to find a way to escape from his attitude of regardless acceptance of western modernism in the 1920s, and searched for his own poetics which were related to colonial reality in Korea in the 1930s. Kim Gi-rim was a modernist who consistently tried to establish a connection between Korean modernity and universal modernity by western forces. He criticized both sentimentalism by romanticists and social realism by Marxists in the 1920s under the name of 'Sentimental Romanticism'. The core of Kim Gi-rim's Poetics in Poetics of Morning」 is a 'Healthy attitude' as poetic attitude and 'Satire' as poetic technique. 'Healthy attitude' as poetic attitude was the effort of overcoming 'Sentimental Romanticism' which romanticists and Marxists commonly had in the 1920s. 'Satire' as poetic technique was the appropriate technique for the poetry of criticizing modern civilization in the future.

Dementia is a disease that comes about without notice, so a person with dementia as well as his or her surrounding people come to face psychological, physical, and economic problems. This paper analyses how dementia is accepted in novels and focuses on what this kind of study means in the area of literary criticism or literary history. The texts used for the analysis are Wonseo Park's "The Butterfly of Hallucination." and Alice Munro's "The Bear Came Over the Mountain," in which the subject matter or the motive was narrated through a person with dementia. The research analysis and consideration of these texts is considered to widen the area of criticism for the discourse about other texts. These stories offer on opportunity to think about what 'memory,' and 'the role of memory' is, for worrying about the universal problem in the character of a person with dementia and his or her families' identity under the unpredicted condition and for pondering over the happiness and the perpetuity of life.

Time and space in the narrative is critical. People in space and time behavior and enter into a relation, these causal relationships form the multiple meanings network through the experience of the reader. 『Daughters of Kim's pharmacy』is a narrative about the rise and fail of the family in 60 years time leading to after opening a port and the Japanese annexation of Korea, during the colonial occupation of Korea. Nevertheless, it's major factors in their only space epic and analysis about narrative of『daughters of Kim's pharmacy』looks like. The space and the characters were mobilized for the interpretation of the work, and now were left with the problem of time. How does an individual recognize the space and time in which he has existed? We 'talk about' time(day) in our language, and the time of our talk is 'the time' registered in our memory and selectively, not all objective time. So, Paul Ricoeur tried to identify the meaning of human existence within the narrative. In other words, it must be his story analytics to comprehend how the fragmented and distributed time of human is incorporated into one identity. We identify, he argued, our lives by the time involving its fabrication and historicity, and thus it is very important to understand this recognition attitude on life, especially with regard time. 『Daughters of Kim's pharmacys』is a fiction about family history showing the family history of three generations over the sixty years based on their age. However, it doesn't make us feel the flow of time. Also, the time narrative in the work is summarized in the first chapter. After revied by the concept of 'narrative time', the meaning of time must be stagnant. This stagnant time delays the objective time of sixty years from the past to the current to the future into the current time, to form the placeness of the actual space Tongyeong Human geography appeared as a result of the recognized limitations of the study of space is symbolic and abstract. It is separate space and a place. Space is free and open space abstract and undifferentiated. But the place would have given valuable experience to the subject. Concrete and has a mutual characteristics.. Time is stagnant in Tongyeong, it will be lost of place to the family of kimyakkuk. Humans form an identity through relationships they hold. During childhood, children are tied by birth to their mother, brothers, friends, work-mates, meanwhile forming a self-identity in maintaining these relationships with family and colleagues. That's part of growth and development. But the place is called Tongyeong, it is impossible to bear such a relationship. kimyakkuk and his father was severance of relations. that is made it impossible to form an identity as a father, and eventually failed also bear relationship of father and daughters. The tragedy of the daughters of kimyakkuk starts here. But yongbin and yonghye leaving Tongyrong has the possibility of entering into a new kind of relationship.

This study aims to elucidate the postcolonial aspects of the novel 『Honbul』 and the film <Avatar> by comparing and contrasting the two. What binds the two works with the common denominator of post-coloniality is how real challenges are overcome by means of femininity or maternity. 『Honbul』 can be approached through the perspective of the ‘Great Mother Goddess' found in Madame Chungam, whereas <Avatar> can be approached through the role of the 'ultimate mother figure' embodied by Eywa who guides the tribe of Na'vi. This viewpoint represents a form of resistance as 'colonized subjects' against the reality of forced colonization, which simultaneously shows that 『Honbul』 and <Avatar> retain a 'tradition relating to post-coloniality' in literary and cinematic contexts, free from a 'uniform understanding.'

This study examines the historical process of modern literature groups before their birth and their activities after the birth in North Jeolla provincial region. Originally "sihoe(詩會, poetry party)", the first of its kind in the Korean literature group, was a place for Confucian scholars in the region, used to promote friendship and parade their knowledge in Chinese writings. The poetry party in the North Jeolla provincial region started from the noted scholar Choi Chi-won (崔致遠), who was appointed as governor-general in Taesan (currently Taein in South Jeolla Province) during the late Silla Dynasty. During the Joseon Dynasty, poetry parties by Confucian scholars took place all over the country. Poetry parties in the province were divided into voluntary gatherings by local community leaders, gatherings led by local bureaucrats, and gatherings by individuals. As with "Jeonju Sihoe" led by students who studied in Japan, the term "sihoe" was borrowed as the name of modern literature groups. Sihoe contributed to establishing a foundation for modern literature movement in the North Jeolla region by promoting the true nature of modern literature through lectures on literature. More students who studied abroad organized literature groups in other regions and brought about modern literary campaigns. They made great efforts to propagate modern literature by providing young men and adolescents in the region with opportunities to relish literature. They were most active in Jeonju, Gunsan, Iri and Julpo. Efforts by literature groups were mostly concentrated on staging amateur theaters or theatricals, but there were also activities to nurture literary knowledge as they organized panel discussions on literary works or publishing journals. Adolescent writers who were stimulated by young men’s literary campaigns kick-started their own literary groups to participate in literary campaigns, serving as a foundation of modern literature in the North Jeolla Province.

Iksan City is pushing a project aimed at completing the construction of the Garam Literary House in 2017. Jinan-gun is also propelling the restoration of a sijo poet Gureumjae, Park Byeong Soon's birthplace, who was Garam Lee Byeong Gi’s disciple. A series of projects implemented around the same time aim at inspiring the cultural pride of Jeollabuk-do as the mecca of sijo literature, which was led by Garam. Now it is the time to push through the possible research and practice as part of producing new cultural contents and developing place marketing through cross-regional linkages. In this situation, it is necessary to develop a course for a regional theme tour, course linking historic sites such as: Garam literary house expected to be built in Iksan; Jeonju Hanok Village; and Yangsajae, where Garam lived; Gureumjae - Park Byeong Soon's birthplace; and Mt. Mai in Jinan; as well as places in Buan related with Lee Mae Chang, a famous gisaeng from the Choseon Dynasty, who handed down excellent pieces of sijo. It is also a high time to approach the development of cultural contents converging on tourism by utilizing the culture protocol. This research is expected to give an opportunity to vitalize Jeollabuk-do's place marketing through sijo.

This paper discussed the direction and cases of diffusion and popularization of humanities. Pre-requisites for the spread and popularization of the humanities is a policy in support of the humanities' major areas. It is impossible to spread without a subject who has insight, application and practice. Second, whole-person education should be recovered in the education system. The exam-oriented education in middle and high school should be recovered and liberal arts education at the university should be strengthened. In addition, it is important to develop a joint application of Humanities courses in each major subject at the university. Prior to popularizing humanities, agreement must be made regarding "What is humanities or its outcome?" It is the 'power of reflection, communication and empathy', which will have various results depending on the time and place. The goal of a liberal arts education is to be subjects and citizens and it will establish not same human but various human in a concrete reality. First, humanities is to pay attention to local and to seek the solidarity of the region for the popularization of the humanities subjects. Secondly, the practice of humanities should be continued and developed with 'locality studies', each containing a regional specialty. There are some examples, such as Minamata science, Okinawa science in Japan. Third, it is important for public humanities education to interact. Programs and courses must consist of interactive content out of one-way and enlightenment. Fourth, humanities should be activeinvisiting local residents and socially disadvantaged communities. We should seek a practical way to care for the abandoned youth, elderly people living alone, and connect them with welfare programs.

The main objectives of this study were to investigate item reliability, subject ability, and item fit indexes based on Rasch modeling. In particular, this study analyzed a Korean mid-term test results collected from 179 second year high school students, who attended a local high school in a mid-sized Korean city. The following were observed by the application of Winsteps 3.68, which is a software program for Rasch analyses: firstly, the person reliability as well as separation index was low, suggesting that the test itself was not successful in separating students along the ability continuum; secondly, all the test items met Rasch expectations. However, five test items had low levels of discrimination and failed to discriminate high ability students from low ability students. Next, personal ability estimates tended to be higher than item difficulty estimates, indicating that items, in general, were too easy for the students. Only one item was rightly targeted against the highest ability students. Finally, the 13 grammar items were evenly distributed in the hierarchy of item difficulties, forming four groups of items that were categorized as 'the most difficult items', 'the second most difficulty items', 'the third most difficult items' and 'the fourth most difficult items'. However, it was found that reading proficiency items were located only in 'the third most difficult' and 'the fourth most difficult' groups of items. In fact, all of those reading proficiency items were from the text covered in the textbook and most of those reading proficiency items consisted of items that asked students to find simple facts based on the text. One of the implications of this study is that test designers, including in-service teachers themselves, should reflect on the test-making practices so that valid and reliable items are used in achievement tests.

This study investigates the identity of Korean Language Education for the integration of North and South Korea as a basic subject which cultivates a foundational language capacity for thinking. The Korean Language subject, covering Korean directly as a first language, is one of the main compulsory education subjects, which all Korean public school students have to take. To Prepare for the reunification of North and South Korea, the Korean Language subject needs to be a basic subject to encourage the Korean Thinking Ability(KTA), which includes and emphasizes caring thinking as well as critical and creative thinking. In conclusion, this study suggests a new structure model of a KTA for Korean Language Education in the future.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cultural items of Korean textbooks to find an efficient way of selecting the cultural items and of presenting the cultural contents in Korean textbooks. The need for cultural education in Korean language education is increasing with the significant increase in the number of the Korean language learners. Although this need is prevalent, it is still not enough to learn about Korean culture from current Korean textbooks because there is not an approved standard to select the cultural items and the educational method for the cultural contents. This study tries to examine how Korean cultural education is going by extracting cultural items from reading and listening texts and the 'Culture' columns of Korean textbooks of intermediate level and to find an efficient way of selecting the cultural items and of presenting the cultural contents in Korean textbooks. The result suggests some points to be modified or improved in Korean cultural education. This study is significant as it recognizes the importance of cultural education in Korean language education and attempts to find an efficient way for Korean cultural education by analyzing the vast real-world data. The result of this study is expected to provide information on anticipated future studies in Korean cultural education for proficient communication in the Korean language. Another expectation is that there will be many other studies in Korean cultural education focused on various subjects such as how to select the essential items of Korean culture and how to teach the detail items.