KJC Korea
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This study examined whether the phonological information of visually presented words. One of characteristics of connective endings functioning as final endings is that they are actively used in ‘connective ending+hada’ structure. This study focused on the endings that are used as connective ending, final ending and ‘connective ending+hada’ and examined their characteristics when used in ‘connective ending+hada’ structure. Having ‘hada’, which lost the lexical meaning, after the connective ending signifies that this connective ending does not form a relational meaning between preceding and following clauses. Therefore, ‘hada’ in case has a grammatical function. In addition, even in the identical form, its meaning and function varies based on the ending that precedes ‘hada’. ‘hada’ is closely related to the meaning of preceding ending, and functions differently depending on the preceding ending, and such difference is related to the syntactic characteristics as well.

The function of Middle Korean prefinal morph '-ni-' is known as Apodictive mood(원칙법). Apodictive mood is defined as "the speaker recognizes the situation as a principle and invariable fact and notifies the hearer". However, even though '-ni-' was realized, sentences that do not realize the meaning of the apodictive mood are found in many of Middle Korean documents. For this reason, the discussions of the various viewpoints of the function of the '-ni-' are found. In this paper, we examine the function of Middle Korean '-ni-' from the viewpoints of the gerund, the tense-aspect, the attitude of the hearers and the empty morph. And the problems of each viewpoint are summarized. As a result, it was possible to grasp the prefinal morph '-ni-' as a empty morph which is analyzed as a syntagmatic unit but is not analyzed as a functional unit. In addition, there is a preferred context and an undesirable context due to the influence of the 'gerund ending(-n) + copular', which is the original composition of '-ni-' and it is pointed out that the function of '-ni-' presented in the existing discussions is not the essential meaning and function of '-ni-', but which is the meaning of the context in which '-ni-' is preferred.

This study aims to establish that R → N phenomenon that diachronically occurs in Word-Initia and Word-Mediall is a phonological phenomenon. The direction of input and output of R → N phenomenon of Word-Initia(below, R-initial law) and R → N phenomenon of Word-Mediall(below, R-nasalization) (R→N) is the same. Also, considering the common progressive development where the influential syllable is in the onset and influenced syllable is in the coda, they are the same phonological phenomenon instead of two separate phenomena. A similar trend is shown between in R → N phenomenon of the two phenomena in terms of frequency and ratio. As for diffusion ratio of R-nasalization, central literature of the 16th century shows gentle diffusion and regional literature shows a rapid increase. They respectively show a rapid increase and ratio over 90% in the 17th century. Both central literature and regional literature show ratio over 90% in the 18th century. Such flow also appears with frequency and ratio of R-initial law. And if R-initial law is high, R-nasalization is high, and if R-initial law is low, R-nasalization also appears low. The proportional correlation is confirmed. The phonological environment of R-initial law can be symbolized as ‘#R’, and the phonological environment of R-nasalization becomes ‘C$R’. They can be combined as below. The combined form is referred to as ‘R-nasalization.’ 1) So-called, R-initial law(R → N phenomenon of Word-Initia)ㄹ → ㄴ / # ___2) R-nasalization(R → N phenomenon of Word-Mediall)ㄹ → ㄴ / C ___Combined) R-nasalizationCㄹ → ㄴ / # ___

This paper is the result of contemplating the problem of “the orthography of dialects” which arose in the compilation of the “Jeollabuk-do Dialect Dictionary”. In Chapter 2, we set up the scope and orthography principles of the “Jeollabuk-do (Jeonbuk) dialect”. The Jeonbuk dialect was defined as 'the words of elderly people used throughout Jeollabuk-do' from 1930 to the present. Additionally, the orthography of the “Jeonbuk dialect” is based on the morphophonemics orthography, and the boundary between the underlying forms in the case of refraction, synthesis, and derivation. In the case of phonological rules, if one word is the same as the standard form of the word, the standard form is used. On the other hand, if the word is not the same, the characteristic phonological phenomenon of the Jeonbuk dialect is reflected in the word’s orthography. And in the case where plural variations coexist, this is also reflected in the orthography. Finally, the conservativeness of the orthography is also mentioned. Chapter 3 is about phonemic orthography. A phoneme is distinguished as /ㅔ/[e] or /ㅐ/[ɛ] (except Gochang county), and if /ㅢ/[ɨj] is pronounced with standard pronunciation (acceptable), it is written as ㅢ. If not, the pronunciation is indicated as it sounds. Additionally the necessity for words like, ‘ㆆ[ʔ], ㆉ[jø]’ is also expressed. However, prosodemes are not reflected in the orthography. In Chapter 4, we examine some phonological phenomena that are characteristic of the “Jeonbuk dialectic” and mention that these phenomena should be reflected in the orthography. However, in the case of ‘h-deletion’, these phenomena are not reflected in the orthography due to the conservativeness of the orthography.

This article found the original sound of phonetic element(聲符) 'yi' to explain why some xiesheng Character's Initials are different even though they have the same phonetic element 'yi'. Also some xiesheng character's intial is 'yi', though the phonetic element is not 'yi'. Comepare to 15·6C korean Chinese, the modern korean 'yi' xiesheng character's initial aspects are closer to Middle Chinese. This article mainly focuses on the 'yi' initial's aspects of the 15∼6th centuries and modern korean. In Middle Chinese, 'yi' initial's phonetic value was reconstructed as [ø], it should be [ㅇ] in 15∼6th centuries's korean accroding to the consonant system. But except 'ㅇ', the 'yi' xiesheng charecters have various aspects, such as 'ㄷ', 'ㄷ','ㅌ','ㅅ','ㅎ'. It related to 'yi''s original sound /d/ and /g/. Some xiesheng characters' phonectic element is not 'yi', but the new xiesheng chareacter's initial is 'yi. It also related to 'yi''s original sound. Beacuse 'yi''s original sound is similar to 'tuo(透), cheng(澄), cong(從), zhang(章), shu(書). Some of them was taken as 'yi' dut to 'tuo(透), cheng(澄), cong(從), zhang(章), shu(書)'s differentiation from Old Chinese to Middle Chinese. some character's initial is single aspect in 15∼6th centuries korean, but in modern korean the initial's aspects are plural. The Modern korean 'yi' xiesheng characters' initial type is more similar to Middle Chinese than 15∼6th centuries.

This study presents the travel purposes, and measures for using such travel diaries after examining 1,279 pieces of Joseon-era travel diaries. Chapter 2 examines the sightseeing as the main travel purpose as revealed in the travel diaries. The sightseeing places are various, including famous mountains, ancient towns, Buddhist temples, and pavilions. Sightseeing also occurs in expansive areas such as Gwandong and Honam. Many sightseeings occur as the diary writers visit the relevant places due to business with a number of sightseeings conducted only for the sake of travel. Chapter 3 examines the various purposes of travel shown in travel diaries. The revealed travel purposes include travels for taking the Gwageo examination (prestigious government employee recruitment test), travels for accompanying teachers, travels for meeting people in office or in exile, travels for preparation for/holding ancestral rites such as visits to the ancestral graves and preparation for the publication of literature, travels for hot spring bathing, and travels for preparation for lodging petitions to the king and for attending meetings. Chapter 4 presents three summarized measures for utilizing travel diaries based on travel purposes. First, Joseon-era travel diaries can be used to identify the decent lives of our ancestors. Second, they can be used as educational material for reviewing our ancestors' travels. Third, they can be used to identify activities designed to promote the achievements of our ancestors.

This thesis arranged narrative structures of important root texts with the stories of Hwang Jinyi and examined each subject and motif. The stories of Hwang Jinyi in classical literature from 1500s to the late Joseon Dynasty are practically the same in a content aspect but completely different Hwang Jinyi are described according to the writers or the compilers' intentions and purposes in a topical aspect. Hwang Jinyi in Sungongjisorok by Heo Gyun or EowooYadam (於于野談) by Yu MongIn which is thought to be the initial records is topicalized as a magnanimous and masculine person and extraordinary woman with distinguished talents(異人). Hwang Jinyi in Songdogiyi by Lee Deokhyeong(李德馨) shows antinomic images. She is a Korean geisha but the contradictory image that is not like a geisha, the achromatic-colored and natural image of a 'taoist fairy' who is not decorated and does not wear make up is shown as a topic. Hwang Jinyi in the later bibliographic data after Lee Deokhyeong is expressed as the image of the woman who attracts noblemen as her physicality is strengthened and strips away their veils and sneers them. On the other hand, HwangJin, the Jeon (傳) by Kim TaekYeong, embodies Hwang Jinyi who is cautious about herself in the Confucian idea. Accordingly, Hwang Jinyi is not fixed as a name. She can be called various names including a chivalrous woman, an extraordinary woman with distinguished talents, a famous geisha, a great singer, a woman of surpassing beauty, a genius, a Taoist fairy, an ascetic, a poet, a brilliant person, a refreshingly candid person, a woman who sneers men, a woman who attracts men, etc. These are Hwang Jinyi's essential characteristics and charms. And these various names become motive power which continues to recreate Hwang Jinyi in novels, soap operas, movies, cartoons, musicals, etc. in modern times by stimulating the literary and cultural ability to arouse principles, public opinions, and thoughts.

This paper aims to explore the scholar’s practical discipline of Muljae An-ui who worked in Jungup area followed his teacher Iljae Il-hang’s instruction. He established 8 absolute self-disciplines in the politically neglected Jungup area, and spent his whole financial estate to practice the essential scholars’ attitude with his alumnus Hong-rok Sohn during the period of Imjin Japanese Invasion. This paper is based on the following historical records: his family documents, his tomb script, his book “Imgyegisa,” and the Palmuljam, the 8 absolute self-disciplines. Through careful examination of his family documents, this study identified his child period name Choongryul, his adult period name Ui-sook, and his nick name Muljae and the fact that he was born in Gohyun-nay, Tae-in in Dec 6, 1529 during Joongjong 24th year. He studied under the guidance of his teacher Il-Jae Ih-hang and when Japanese troop invaded in 1592 and the king ran away, he mobilized volunteer troops with Hong-rok Sohn by following the will of his teacher, and collected three hundreds sacks of rice, silk, and fabrics to send them to the temporary loyal palace and volunteer troop camps. Afterward, he was actively involved in moving Taejo’s royal portrait and the “Sillok” the true record of the Yi dynasty with Hong-rok Sohn by the 300 oxcarts to the Dragon cave in Naejang mountain located in Jungup, and in July next year he moved them to Ah-san following the king’s instruction. In addition, during the second Japanese invasion in 1597 he safely moved them to a separate temple building in Myohyang mountain. His book “Imgyegisa” is a documentary record describing these two scholars’ faithful serving activities of moving the “Sillok” the true record of the Yi dynasty from Naejang mountain to the hands of Choongchung-do governor San-bo Lee during the whole period between June 22 of 1592 and July 24 of 1593. “Imgyegisa,” a book of two year record has been hidden in the history during the 420 years. But the book was finally discovered while tracking back the movement of the “Sillok” and following the record of “Wansanji” The book deserves the historical value because it was published in the politically neglected Jungup area. It is one of the very important historical documents along with “Honamjuluirok” recording the faithful fighting activities of the volunteer troops and soldiers during the Japanese and Chinese invasions. In particular, it is important to note that by following his teacher Il-jae Ih-hang, Muljae An-ui established the 8 absolute practical disciplines of the scholars which must have encouraged the next generation scholars to keep learning and practicing the disciplines to become volunteer soldiers and patriots in Jungup area. It proves well in the history that the leaders of Donghak Farmers’ Revolution, Bong-jun Jun and Gae-nam Kim, who encouraged the revolt in Samrye area to save the country, were also originated in Jungup area, and the 1906 year’s patriotic fighting movement which started in Moosung private school of this area after the 1905 year’s ordinance prohibiting topknots spreaded into nationwide. Thus, the scholar’s practical discipline established by Muljae An-ui in Jungup area must be reconsidered as a valuable cultural inheritance of Korea in modern days.

This study focused on Hwanwoong and Unnyeo the main characters of Dangun mythology, who are very close to the ideal characters of Buddhism, Confucianism. Therefore, I would like to reinterpret Dangun myth as a human view of Confucianism and Buddhist thought, and draw out literary educational significance of it. Until now, there have been many studies that have interpreted the Dangun myth of Samguk-Yusa as Confucian and Buddhist. However, there is no study that reinterprets the meaning of Dangun myth based on the common meaning of Confucianism and Buddhism. The author of the book "Samguk-Yusa" was a Buddhist monk representing Goryeo Period, which was designated as a national honor at that time, but he also closely socialized with the scholars who had mastered "Hundred Schools of Thought". Also, the late Goryeo Dynasty, where he was active, was closely intertwined with the Confucian scholarship due to the specificity in the domestic and foreign era. The Dangun myth, in which Il-yeon, who lived as a leading intellectual in the 13th century, embellishes the first head of the Samguk-Yusa, compiled over 20 years, is highly likely not to represent the ideas of either side. Confucianism and Buddhism have much in common with human and world view. The Dangun myth, which we have seen through the Confucian Buddhist thought, is a story that reveals the commonality of Confucianism and Buddhism more than any stories in the Samguk-Yusa. This shows not only Buddhism but also a series of writers who have mastered various disciplines. Also, Dangun Myth is one of the vast traces of Confucianism and Buddhism that have been introduced to the Korean peninsula for many years. Therefore, this study aims at extracting the common human and world view of Confucianism and Buddhism as a method of analyzing the works of Dangun mythology in Samguk-Yusa. This proves the hypothesis that Dangun Myth will have a common sense of humanity and worldview pursued by Confucian Buddhist thought. And it derives literary education and personality education significance of this interpretation. Modern learners should cultivate diverse competencies based on fusion thinking. The content of this study is meaningful for the contents of education for these learners. In addition, I think that our people also have an opportunity to remind the true meaning of Dangun myth.

The purpose of this paper is to study the modern features of Journal of the Honam Hakhoe(HonamHakbo) in the period of modern enlightenment. In Gyemonggi(in the age of enlightenment in Korea), the HonamHakbo is striving to supply a knowledge that flow in the western’s a diversity of the studies. Especially, they interested in household art. so they strived for women's educationThe people who participated in the HonamHakbo was interested in general education, compulsory education. Yi-Ki claimed that the primary education program is for everyone. They thought that a school was necessary to establish an elementary education program and to get together and exchange knowledge among students of mutual understanding.

The literature of Jeonbuk got involved the main stream of Korean modern literature actively after 1920s. Lee Iks Sang joined KAPF that is socialistic organization of literatue, Lee Byeng Ki wrote Koran traditional poems, and Yu Yep engaged eclecticism of the those days. The poets and writers of Jeonbuk leaded a Korean modern literature from 1930s. Sin Suk Jung wrote a romantic poems that protested Japanese imperialism. Se Jung Ju wrote a poems that succeed to traditional Korean mental world. Chae Man Sik wrote a satire novels that criticizes sharply Japanese colonial capitalism. After 8·15 Liberation a lot of poets, writers, critics worked in various fields of the Korean literature. Ko En, Kim Yong Taec, Mun Sin leaded a the world of Korean poetry. Choi Meyng Hye left ‘Hon Bul’, that put cultural heritage of Jeonbuk into this novel. Chyen Ie Du made the theory of ‘Han’ that negative emotion switch over to positive emotion by ‘Sak Im’. The place of ‘Hon Bul’ is devided into three areas. The aristocrats lives at Maean, The Middle class of people lives at Goribaemi. And The lowest class of people lives at Gemengul. But Madam Chungam cross the wall of class by construction the Chungho dam. The Chungho dam resolved water shortage of town. And she gave hope to all the people of town at the trying times when lost national sovereignty. Chubok who belongs the lowest class, tried to destroy the wall of class by lapping the lady who is novel woman. Jeonbuk was the place where had ‘the creativity as a border area’. The ‘creativity as a border area’ has the highest self regard and higher level of the spirit of the times than the capital, Hanyang. Jeonbuk has the supremacy of food culture, sound culture, art culture, cruft etc. Besides Jeonbuk have tried to change the feudal systems into democratic systems. The group of Daedong organized by Jung Ye Lip and the revolution of Donghak dreamed equal world which everybody has equal right. Therefor the Literature of Jeonbuk have ‘Han’ and ‘creativity as a border area’. When Jeonbuk went through a terrifying ordeal, the literatur of Jeonbuk didn’t yield that ordeal, but have overcome that ordeal. And the Literature of Jeonbuk always dreams new world where everyone has equal right to happiness and freedom through ‘creativity as a border area’

This study examines the meaning of local in the full-length novel Deep rivers flow written by Yeom In-soo who was active in the liberation space war and examines the significance of geopolitical writing reflected in his literary works. Yeom In-soo wrote in his novel, Deep rivers flow, all his life history, which began to escape as a worker because of his leftist activities. Superficially, this work takes a structure that restores its identity as a writer, but he never gave up on his identity as a writer the whole time. For him, who never stopped writing while living as a worker, the writing was an artistic practice that made him to kept thinking about who he was and how he should live. And while suffering from his identity as a writer, Yeom In-soo showed in his novel Deep rivers flow, which shows how the literature of Liberation Space in Daejeon looked like, and on the other hand, the fact that his literary world is rooted in Daejeon. His life, displaced from the novel Deep rivers flow to "Deep River," remains a trail of map drawing of the border thinking about the external paradigm of the dominant discourse, showing a possibility for local literature to pursue.

Chang, left homeland after he suffered from the anxiety of existence during Korean War. But he couldn’t escape the repeated situations, unless he achieves the subjectiviation, which should be beyond the socio-cultural conditions making him anxious. He had to secure his own space, which was absent, through speaking out the memories of homeland, andspace by way of the friendship. Chang have become liberty existence at the in-between and therefore succeeded in his spatialization. Afterwards the disquieting potentiality will continue according as how Chang colours his space.

This paper is an introduction to the future of texts triggered by hypertext theory. Since the publication of George P. Landow's 『Hypertext 2.0 - The Convergence of Contemporary Critical Theory and Technology』 in 1997, hypertext has become a keyword that symbolizes literary aesthetics in the digital era. But twenty years later, hypertext theory no longer produces meaningful discourse. Now Hypertext became hypermedia. The change from text to media means that we have been liberated from the centrality of character centrism that has dominated us for centuries. Although hypertext (non-mediated) uses digital technology called link and node, the visual representation style is displayed in the form of old medium called book, which makes text attention to technology rather than technology, but hypermedia Focus on technology rather than text, where levels are determined by understanding, intimacy, and proficiency. Hypertext is no longer valid as a keyword. It does not produce any aesthetic value or artistic meaning, only to the technical concept of electronic linking of text through links and nodes. With the advancement of digital technology, we no longer recognize hypertext as an unfamiliar, odd, and new form. As technology evolves, text in hypertext becomes blurred. This researcher proposes the concept of meta - context as a new aesthetic keyword to replace hypertext. The meta-context, which means "the total reproduction of the context that encompasses everything beyond boundaries and distinctions," restores self-reflection through the restoration of the totality and by using hypertext technology as a means of improving literacy, It is the outcome of the recognition conversion that overcomes the boundaries and exclusions that have been.

This study examines Go, Yeon-Ok’s practical, specific social criticism and a alternative social aspect through her works. As the myths and tragedies of her works have been studied extensively, the practical and specific alternatives of the playwright and her languages have been neglected. 「When I was a Raven」 is different for other works about the point that the play have futuristic ending and recover of the community through the self-recognition by the members. In particular, the process in which the main character ‘Boy’ embraces the community denying himself and the mutual recognition process in which the boy is accepted from the community is the process of not only the main character but also each character is meeting, In this regard, it reminds the main premise of Honneth's "the struggle for recognition". According to Axel Honneth, the motive of struggle is disrespect, and the goal of the struggle is recognition. The cause of the struggle for recognition is the negation of self - dignity and the process of regaining unjust self - esteem due to neglect. He tried to explain the dynamics of society through this model of recognition struggle, and hoped that he could analyze the pathological phenomenon of society. The boy's recognition struggle takes a threatening attitude. His goal, however, is not to threaten his family, but to regain self-esteem and his dignity that are ignored by family members. His struggle is not just about his own. His struggle helps his brother and sister discover their own desires and selves. This work deals with 'middle class' and 'normal family' but does not aim at satire of a certain class. Rather, it shows how to establish the right individual identity in face of each person's truth. This Family recognize that each other can exist in one another through equal mutual recognition, not hierarchical order. It shows an attempt to extend the domain of the community physically and ideologically, while respecting the individuality and choice of the family members. The playwright says that the real space and community members who have undergone cracks and collapses in the social crisis accept each other as equal, not ignoring or denying one another, and real regeneration and recovery begin when they respect each other as space and existence as they are.

This paper appointed an analysis object of unit system concerning on middle school <national language> textbook 'literature' area to grasp the suitability of unit system concerning on the 'literature' area. The unit system, a frame which constructs the content, method, and procedure of learning, is an important part, because the learning content and learning direction can change, depending on the system by which the unit is constructed. As a result of the discussion, this paper found that it is necessary to maintain the text unit by the minimal system, and that it is desirable for the rest to be constructed by the learning contents. In this paper, the minimal system means that, in arranging the unit, it is necessary to present a variety of mutual text activity, centering on small unit combination activity, and small unit system means that, in 'wing' activity, the learners can make progress of learning activity by themselves in the course of making the questions related to learning targets the spaces for them to make up for the period of reading. It is effective in dissolve the disconnection phenomena among the activities and in reducing the quantity of 'learning activity, if the teacher should reduce the small unit to make a 'learning activity'.

This paper analyses learning process of Korean languge textbooks, especially focusing on first chapters which students meet a modern poem for the first time in secondary school. Textbooks deal with a standard: appreciate a literary work based on effects of metaphor. But understanding processes about metaphors in learning activities are not connected to appreciation. This paper call this phenomenon ‘Segmentity.’ Causes of segmentity were two: ① Standards were not synthesized in learning process ② Learning activities used to privid poetical knowleges rather than to lead students get an experience about a poem as a whole. To get over these problems we need to provide much more chances in which writers of textbooks communicate about Korean Textbook Certification Standards. We also need to research alternative hierarchy of poetry education.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze contemporary novels in 10 new literature textbooks for high school. After examining the curriculum, I analyzed what kind of works were selected in relation to the details of the curriculum and what kind of works were selected in relation to the elements of learning contents related to novels. In addition, the characteristics of new textbooks were analyzed in terms of new works, changes in the weight of works and writers, presentation ages, foreign literatures, lengths and types of story lines, and types of viewpoints and descriptions. Next, I propose the improvement tasks of literature textbooks as follows. 1. Since there are few works related to the contents and contents of 'Korean Literature' and 'Korean Literature and Foreign Literature' among the content of the curriculum, related works should be sought so that more learning contents can be developed in the future. 2. There are few discourse elements such as viewpoints, narratives, and style in learning contents of novel theory. Therefore, it is necessary to select works that show more various viewpoints and descriptions. 3. It is necessary to establish the digital textbook policies and actively utilize the books and educational applications of the textbook publishers to provide their works. 4. It is necessary to save a lot of foreign literary works from the limit of the amount of textbooks.

This study analyses the process and the content of instructional consultation conducted on a Korean Language Education course implemented with a flipped learning model. The instructional consultation was applied to a flipped classroom structured on a Human Performance Technology model, and it was divided into three steps, ‘preparation’, ‘performance’ and ‘evaluation’. In particular, in this paper we focus our attention and two classroom recordings of the ‘performance’ step. The video recordings have been analyzed and evaluated on the criteria of performance, students’ relations, linguistic and non-linguistic expressions. Face to face consultation and group mentoring was used as research methodology, while the instructional consultation was carried on through a students’ evaluations, also self-assessed. After instructional consulting on the flipped learning classroom, we consider necessary as further educational support the introduction of rapport building for instructional consultation and group mentoring, the establishment of outcomes and syllabi specifically for flipped learning courses, and the development of support devices for classroom debate. With this instructional consultation case study applied to a major degree course we aimed to observe the real effect of the flipped learning approach. We stress the value of our research results in the qualitative understanding and discussion of instructional consulting applied to a flipped learning classroom.

This study is about analizing error of writing by vietnam intermediate learners and classifying type of errors in the view of similar meaning interference. To do this, grammar item pairs are selected from the text book of first, 2nd, and 3rd grade. These have possibilty of occuring error by meaningful and morphological similariy. And there are comparing between error estimate and result of error of the real writing. As a result, six types of errors which couldn't estimate are discovered. That is 'colocation error', 'interference between words and grammar', 'overproduction error of the nominative postposition', 'grammar items that have meaningful distance', 'meaning overlap', 'sentence structure error'. Through this, it became known that error is difficult to estimate and not just occurred in the same grammar category. And it is revealed that the result of this study support fossilization and interlanguage hypothesis

This study explored the life histories of four female international marriage migrants from China (Korean-Chinese), the Philippines, and Vietnam, and traced the ways in which their motivation and attitude for Korean language learning have influenced their marriage and settlement in South Korea. Four aspects were found: (1) Voluntary Korean learning (Vietnamese), (2) Korean learning for survival (Vietnamese), (3) mastery level of Korean as a Korean-Chinese bilingual, and (4) passive Korean learning as a fluent English speaker (Philippina). Participant (1) used her Korean language skills to materialize her unfulfilled dreams. On the contrary, participant (2) had very limited Korean skills and experienced much discrimination in her daily life at the very beginning of marriage. As she became fluent in Korean, she has made many positive changes in her life and is very satisfied with her current life. Participant (3) silenced herKorean-Chinese identity and tried to be assimilated to Korean society using her fluent bilingual skills. Participant (4) strategically used her English skills to navigate South Korean society and managed her life successfully despite limited Korean skills. These findings give suggestions to those who pursue a multicultural society that values mutual understanding with migrants and builds up empathy among people.