KJC Korea
Journal Central

The aims of this study are to show the pattern of spatial development spillover in the case of Korea during last decade, and to discuss the policy rationale of the relocation of public institutions which aims to reduce regional gaps based on the spatial spillover pattern. It is found that development pressures of Seoul areas inflated by a rapid economic growth already spread over their hinterlands. Similar phenomenon was observed in other major metropolitan areas. However, the spillover is the most distinct in the case of the Seoul metropolitan region(SMR). The pattern illustrates that the development pressures shift from Seoul to Gyeonggy province at first, and then from Gyeonggy to further south -- towards the location of the administrative complex city. Based on these findings, this study argues that the plan may accelerate on-going development shifts.

This study is carried out to analyze the dwelling environment perception of residents who live in a metropolitan area. To recognize contentment with housing environment of the residents, housing types and ownership are surveyed is performed. Housing consciousness and housing environment are analyzed. The survey covered four resident areas which are considered one residential area.Contentment with location, convenience, residential environment, assets, and public security over their present residental areas are analyzed. The followings are showed. Among them, assets is dominant factor. residential environment, location are followed. convenience is a mere factor.To residents of Masan, residential environment, assets, public security and location are significant respectively. To residents of Jinhae and Jangyoo, assets is the most dominant factor. To summarize the results, it is showed that assets is the most dominant factor for the residents of the surveyed area. The residents in different cities are content with different factors. Therefore, it is possible to locate facilities which the resident would be preferred to live in.

일반적으로, 공원이용에는 서비스의 질뿐만 아니라 접근성 역시 중요하다. 본 연구는 공립공원의 접근성이 이용도에 미치는 영향에 관해 분석하였다. 연구의 전제로서 공원의 질에 해당하는 부분, 즉 운영정책, 광고/마케팅, 이용요금, 서비스의 수준 등은 실험지역(오스틴시)의 모든 공원이 동일하다고 가정함으로써 공원의 접근성과 이용도간 관계만을 분석하였다. 과거의 공원배치는 관례상 하향식 접근방식(top-down approach), 즉 배치의 공정성(equity)을 지향함에 있어 실제 주민들의 공원 수요(needs)나 이용 경향(tendencies) 등을 크게 고려하지 못해왔다. 그러나 본 연구는 설문기반 실제 주민들이 보여주는 공원 이용요소(utilization factors), 즉 사회적 요소(social factors) 및 공원이용패턴(utilization patterns)을 통한 상향적 접근방식(bottom-up approach)의 필요성을 역설코자 하였다. 분석과정에서 공원접근성이 이용도에 직접적 영향을 미치는가에 대하여는 통계를 통한 일반화가 불가능했다. 각 개인은 주이용 공원군(a set of parks)을 설정해 가까운 공원을 더 자주 사용하고 있는 반면, 오스틴 전체이용자를 대상으로 분석해 본 결과로는, 반드시 높은 접근성이 공원으로의 이용도를 높이는 것은 아니었다. 따라서 본 연구는 문헌을 통해 밝혀진 공원 이용요소들을 집적하여, 공원접근성과 이용도간 관련성을 설명하는데 중간요소(mediating factor)로 설정했다. 다변량회귀분석을 통해 실제 주민의 이용 공원까지의 거리에 영향을 미치는 요소들을 이들 중간요소들 가운데에서 추출하였다. 분석결과에 의하면, 사회적 요소들 가운데는 ‘인종’, ‘거주기간’, ‘아동과 동거여부’가 공원접근성과 이용도를 설명하는 유효한 변수였으며, 한편 공원이용패턴 변수들 가운데 ‘교통편’, ‘허용가능 최대여가시간’, ‘여가시간 용이함의 정도‘, ‘공원관련 정보의 양‘, ‘타 공원이용자들에 대한인식" 역시 유효한 변수였다. 흥미롭게도, 각 공원 타입에 해당하는 공원으로의 이용거리를 분석해본 결과, 모든 공원 이용요소들이 모든 유형의 공원으로의 이용거리에 동일한 영향을 미치고 있지는 않았다. 즉, 공원 타입(광역공원, 그린밸트, 금렵지구, 지구공원, 특별공원, 근린공원)에 따라 실제주민이 선택해 이용하는 공원으로의 이용거리에 영향을 미치는 공원 이용요소들은 상이했다.

This study uses Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) to assess the comparative efficiency of Urban Development Corporations(UDCs) in Regional Government. UDCs are charged of a large proportion of supply for public housing and land. DEA is used to evaluate how efficiently UDCs supply the housing and land to the regional citizen. In this study the efficiency is calculated by the function of input (labor, expenditure) to output (housing, land), based on data drawn from UDCs' operation annual reports. The result shows that mean efficiency of UDCs was 0.56 during 1999-2002 and six of the 32 DMU(decision making unit) cases showed most efficiency, meanwhile the variation of efficiency value is very large in some UDCs. Especially, efficiency value was different in metropolitan and provincial UDCs. The mean efficiency value of provincial UDCs is much higher than that of metropolitan UDCs. The efficiency of UDCs is affected by the internal factor (debt ratio) and external factors (financial independency, size of area). The results of this study suggest that input and output factors need to be adjusted to maximize the efficiency of UDCs' operation between metropolitan and provincial UDCs.

A demand of residents participation has increased since the local autonomy system has been force in 1990s. Especially, as its name says, "participatory government" which is started in 2003 regard it as important to extend participation which is one of the government policies in administration. The development of public residential land is related to the space structure of city. As it has direct effect on rights or profits of residents, extensive participation is demanded. However, residents participation is very restricted in reality. It is nothing but hearing residents' opinions in residents participation system after deciding on development policy of public residential land. There are also a lot of problems in process of the formal participation system. People concerned in interests don't know about the reflection period of residents' opinions. Even though residents express their opinions, they aren't reported how it is proceeded and managed. In addition, the administrative organization is widely commissioned to accept residents' opinions. The development of public residential land is at a crisis as recognition of residents' profit has been raised and the problem in short supply of houses has been relieved. In such a situation, residents participation should, first of all, be activated to justify the development of public residential land and carry on the project smoothly. The residents' opinions should be reflected positively and the project of public residential land development be explained in detail through the public hearing and project meeting. The informal conference should be made up of residents, local government, project executioner centering around civil organization and discuss generally project propulsion, content of the project, process of the project. It needs to introduce the project method of residents participation in process of the project to guarantee residents' profit practically.

The purpose of this study was to develop orientations for enacting on Senior Congregate Act in Korea. For the research, this study carried out both social survey research among middle-aged people in their fifties and interview 37 professionals(academic, industrial and administrative). The results of this study were as follows. Firstly, The about-to-become senior citizens tended to equate the senior housing with the nursing home or silver town. Although the professionals recognized senior housing as a specific type of housing, their views on design and service for the senior housing differed widely. Secondly, enactment of senior congregate housing act should be made in terms of diversifying the types of mainstream housing supply not necessarily in institutionalized facilities. Furthermore, the building standards and management supervision of the senior congregate housing must also be regulated under the related act.

This paper has three main objectives. The first objective is to find out the condition of old housing stock in general. The second objective is to find out and analyse the socio-economic characteristics of the housing owners and their investment behavior for housing rehabilitation. And the third objective is to suggest policies to promote the rehabilitation of old housing stock.The main methodology of this research is housing(household) survey. The sample of 400 houses was selected from six cities with various sizes. They are Seoul, Daejeon, Chungju, Jinju and Mokpo city. The recommends policies as conclusion can be grouped into financial assistance, mortgage insurance, tax incentives and area rehabilitation strategy. As to financial assistance, the research recommends to provide loan insurance programs to support low-income and aged homeowners. Also recommended is public low-interest loans to the rental housing regardless of building sizes as long as the owners of the rental units are low-income. As to tax incentives, the author proposes that the interests of rehabilitation loans should be deducted from the income tax and that the registration tax must be exempted. Lastly the research recommended to introduce area rehabilitation strategy where adequate infrastructure is lacking, especially roads and parking space.

The purpose of this paper is to build a model which explains variations of apartment pre-sale contract ratios. Viewing apartment purchase as consumption as well as asset demand behavior, and relying on an extensive data set which covers micro- and macro-variables, we identify determinants which explain apartment pre-sales in Seoul's Kangnam and Kangbuk areas and Kyunggi-Inchon area. We then examine several methods with which the estimated models can easily be applied by the sales practitioners.

The study is designed to take a closer look at the housing policies and to understand the housing provision system in Singapore. The main purposes of this study are to examine the Singaporean housing policies in a chronological order and to delineate the mechanism of the housing provision system that includes housing market, housing supply and distribution, housing financing. To achieve the specific objectives, this research study utilizes qualitative research methods such as content analysis and in-depth interviews, so that it provides a comparative perspective of housing policy. The major findings illustrate that the national housing policy that has been established since 1960s is to facilitate the homeownership of public housing, a wide range of housing programs supported and implemented by the government is available, the adequate measures to avoid profits from housing development are ensued (e.g., public land ownership and leasehold system), and the systematic housing financing tool is available for both homeownership and upward mobility. Therefore, the result implies that the priority of the national housing policies needs to be established including beneficiaries and anti-speculative measures. Further, its ultimate goals of the long-range public housing development are clearly addressed including funding sources to execute the relevant housing programs.

Since 1995, the First National GIS Master Plan(1995~2000) has been set up and it has been developed until 2000. After then, the second phase National GIS project is undergoing following the Second National GIS Master Plan(2001~2005). Based on this plan, various GIS projects have been launched in Korea. However, in general, GIS projects have faced on the lots of difficulties to implement GIS activities due to the lack of financial supports and GIS polices from the central government. From this point of view, a profound investigation on National GIS Master Plan is needed for further development and future direction.