KJC Korea
Journal Central

While the economic growth of regions continues to shrink due to the waning of manufacturing industry, a lot of local governments have sought potential resources for strengthening the attraction of tourism sites. The problem is that many of tourism sites are not properly capable of responding to the diversification of tourists’ needs and changes in trend. Starting with 12 places in 1969, 228 sites have been designated as tourism sites, and about 69.8 percent of them were designated before the 2000s. It means that most of them are necessary to rebuild or remodel in terms of physical, functional and environmental aspects. In spite of necessity to regenerate tourist sites in decline, there are still insufficient academic progress and policy consideration. This study aims to develop indicators for diagnosing the decline of tourist sites and apply them to designated 228 tourist sites in order to analyze whether or not they are in decline and the severity of decline. Based on reviewing the cases to develop similar indicators and the measurability of data, five indicators for this study are finally extracted. The result shows that 85 of the total tourism sites are in decline and 39 of them are in severely declining stage. Local municipalities, in which 17 of 39 tourism sites in severe decline are located, are also experiencing serious decrease in overall conditions such as population, local income tax, and the number of companies and workers in the tourism sector.

As a necessity for urban development has increased in ASEAN countries, the Korean government puts much effort into enhancing the cooperation relationship for Smart city development with ASEAN. Every country in ASEAN has different economic and urbanization conditions and the environment for smart city development. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a customized country strategy based on multi‒dimensional analysis to promote smart city development cooperation with ASEAN. We analyzed three dimensions: cooperation condition with Korea, urban development demands, and smart city development conditions. Each has four indicators to evaluate factors of smart city development in ASEAN respectably. Finally, We suggested customized five types of country groups for Korea‒ASEAN smart city development through quantitative analysis. In addition, an online survey was conducted for ASCN city officials to identify the preferred technical support areas, cooperation methods, and specific service sectors for urban development by each city. As an implication of analysis, to strengthen partnership for smart city development, we suggest that it is an important phase to concentrate on actual conditions and demands in ASEAN cities.

This study aims to uncover cross-district transmission patterns of COVID-19 outbreaks in South Korea in three waves. To this end, a total of 93,755 reported cases that local governments published online were firstly mapped and analyzed the spatial diffusion patterns using ArcMap 10.5. Secondly, network analyses method was employed to discover the directions of transmission as well as the relationships between urban hierarchy and transmission patterns of the virus in three waves. In network analysis, 28,365 cases, that contain information of both origin and destination of individual cases, were analyzed and visualized using Gephi. The analyses unveiled the differences among three outbreak waves in their transmission scales, speed, and directions. At an overall level, the Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMA) found to be the super-spreader and instrumental in spreading the virus throughout the pandemic. But the second and third waves were more diverse and heterogeneous while the transmission of the first wave was concentrated around the SMA. Districts with over 1 million population found to have contributed to widespread and rapid transmission of the virus. The findings of this study contribute to developing and deploying area-specific prevention and intervention measures against future epidemics.

This study analyzed heat wave disaster vulnerability considering medical vulnerabilities and derived the characteristics of vulnerable areas through this. As a method of research, first, present vulnerability with the climate change disaster vulnerability assessment was analyzed. Second, medical resource vulnerabilities and emergency medical access vulnerability assessment were performed to analyze medical vulnerability. Finally, the heat wave vulnerable areas were derived through overlapping analysis, and policy measures considering local characteristics were proposed. According to the analysis, areas with high medical vulnerability and heat wave disaster vulnerability are also highly vulnerable to climate exposure, poor residential areas, and vulnerable populations. As a result, measures such as the maintenance of the residential environment and the expansion of the operation of a hot shelter could be proposed around old houses. On the other hand, areas with relatively low vulnerability were found to have low vulnerability about urban physical environments such as climate exposure and road area etc. However, in comparison, vulnerability to the vulnerable population is highly derived, making it difficult to respond appropriately in the event of a thermal illness. As a result, measures such as expansion of medical institutions and preparation of a system of care activities for vulnerable groups by region could be proposed. The results of this study can be used as basic data for improvement of disaster vulnerability assessment and urban planning considering disaster prevention.

Until recently, with the aim of stabilizing housing prices, policy announcements were made to increase the tax burden on the comprehensive real estate holding tax and property tax. This study analyzes the effect of comprehensive real estate holding tax and property tax on housing prices by using internet search index data reflecting changes in consumer sentiment caused by this tax increase policy. The search index data showed a sharp rise when consumers recognized the actual tax imposed. On the contrary, at the time of the government's policy announcement, the search index increased relatively little except at the time of the resumption of comprehensive real estate holding tax taxation in 2018. As a result of empirical analysis, it was found that an increase in the comprehensive real estate holding tax or property tax had a significantly negative effect on house prices in the short term. In addition, the effect of lowering the housing price of property tax would be greater than that of comprehensive real estate holding tax. From the results of this study, in the case of increasing the tax burden of the comprehensive real estate holding tax and property tax for the purpose of stabilizing the housing price, policy implications are obtained that it is important to make the increased tax amount continuously recognized by households.

This study aims to examine the impact of individual’s social capital on social conflict awareness and inclusiveness, resolve social conflicts and seek ways to increase social integration and inclusion for the sustainable development of society. Data from the 2018 Social Integration Survey were used for analysis, and the results are as follows. Women, young people, and unhealthy people were seriously aware of social conflicts, and men, young people, and healthy people were more inclusive of the socially disadvantaged. In the case of social capital, network and trust played a significant role in recognizing social conflicts, and family-centered communication and trust in groups were important. Inclusiveness toward socially underprivileged members increased as they comply with the norms, are active in participating activities, have an open network, and more trust in the group. However, the lower the trust in agency and social fairness, the more inclusiveness increased.

Social Discount Rate(SDR) is a key factor in the economic evaluation of public investment projects. The preceding studies have estimated the appropriate SDR from a time-series perspective. This study, on the other hand, sought ways to improve SDR from a cross-sectional perspective in consideration of risk. This study proposed a method to obtain a SDR by reflecting the risk of public investment project using CAPM, and revealed that beta of the industry to which the public investment belongs can be usefully used as beta of CAPM. This study proposed to divide public investment projects into three industrial sectors(SOC, environment & water resources, science & technology). To help understand this improvement, a specific case of calculating the SDR using industry beta is presented. In addition, this study explained the difference between the risks of benefits and costs within the same project needs different discount rates. As it is important to calculate the appropriate SDR considering the risk of public investment projects, this improvement can increase the logical robustness of economic evaluation of public investment projects.

This study evaluated the value of national lands in Gwanju-si focused on social, economic, and environmental factors, then conducted cluster analysis to recommend implications for national lands development. Since Gwanju-si in Gyeonggi-do has a comprehensive system of national lands including other aspects, the city is selected for the study. The city offers national lands porter which contains national lands and public lands. By using social, economic, and environmental factors, four clusters are developed. For cluster 1, it contains the high economic status than other clusters, but it has less environmental value. National lands in the cluster 1 may offer apartments to satisfy residential demands. Cluster 2 shows the balanced values in social, economic, and environmental value. This cluster may be used for cultural spaces. For cluster 3, this cluster has higher environmental value than others. This cluster may offer environmental tour places. Since cluster 4 showed high social and economic value, this cluster may offer residental and commercial uses.