A Study on a Relevant Relation Between Arts and Nature : Focused on Aesthetic Theories of Kant, Hamann and Schiller

Sun Kyu Ha

How relates art to nature? Does art fundamentally go with nature or go against or go beyond nature? Is it undoubtedly obvious that thinking of art always depends on thinking of nature? Under this consciousness this article aims to discuss aesthetic theory of I. Kant, J. G. Hamann and F. Schiller. According to his program of transcendental philosophy, Kant investigates into the subjective-formal principle which aesthetic judgments on the beautiful and the sublime presuppose implicitly. And he elaborates on the view that aesthetic idea which art work expresses pursues procreative nature(natura naturans). As for Kant, concrete and productive nature stands for the point of departure of aesthetic experience as well as the ideal of artistic expression. Kant's aesthetic theory is grounded on rational basis of universal reason and human being in general. Hamann's thought is just against this point for he blames rationalistic perception of things for not having their vivid concreteness. It is not able to feel and understand temporal, historic and linguistic character of living concrete nature. With regard to this Hamann underlines the significance of poetry and art. Languages of poetry and art are sensuous media by which silent nature can be awakened again from its objectified state. Schiller is also in accordance with Hamann's position of radical sensualism. In contrary to Hamann, however, he defines beauty as ‘living form(Gestalt)’ and justifies specific importance of playing drive and aesthetic state of mind from the viewpoint of philosophical anthropology. It can be said that Schiller tries to unify dialectically Kant's problem of possibility of determination and Hamann's radical historic sensualism. In spite of some striking differences of theoretical argumentation, three thinkers coincide with each other in the fact that considerations on art relate closely to reflections on nature.

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* 2021년 이후 발행 논문의 참고문헌은 현재 구축 중입니다.

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