The Application and Critical Reception of Methodologies of New Museology
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This essay explores methodologies of the New Museology emerged in the early 1980s to force the institution to re-evaluate its basic assumptions. It examines criticisms of ‘the neutrality of the museum’ from five key methodological perspectives. First, the museum as the ideological tool, second, ethnography, multicultralism, and politics of the other, third, the shaping and structuring of knowledge, fourth, Foucaudian surveillance, and lastly, postmodern archeology. I analyze how these critical approaches revealed problems of the exclusivity of the modern museum and allowed heterogeneity and diversity in various types of museums. Though I look what they have overlooked and the problems that arise when applying their theories to the reality of museum practices, I recognize that they have produced productive discourses and significantly changed museum practices. I argue that these approaches are still valid in understanding the nature and function of contemporary museums and that they can provide Korea with critical tools necessary for self-criticism in establishing her own museology. Lastly, I discuss problems of ‘the other's’ reception of colonialism and multicultralism that originated and formed from/within the context of EuroAmerica. I draw attention to the fact that the lack of critical understanding of the history and methodology of New Museology in relation to ‘the position of the subject and the other’ will only cause confusions in establishing Korea's own Museology.
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