KJC Korea
Journal Central

The purpose of this study is to reconsider on the real condition of selection and assign of chinese characters for beginning students in Korea. There is two institutions for beginners, one is middle school as an official organization and another is test institute as a private agency. According to result of study, there were quite a few problems with this conditions and to correct that we must do it as follows. First, must to survey all of chinese characters that is used in the past and now in Korea on the frequency, range of use, ability of organization of components, ability of organization of words. Secondly, in order to apply the survey and analysis result to practical instruction, also make research on weighted value of apply about four section came up in above. Finally, to decide scope of selection and assign of chinese characters based on result of research on the four sections.

This study aimed at analyzing references on Korean written and spoken languages, subdividing the meanings of auxiliary predicates of ‘-고 있다’와 ‘-아/어 있다’ for Chinese beginner and intermediate learners of Korean language and examining their respective Chinese corresponding phrases and meanings. Despite the numerous Korean-Chinese contrastive studies recently, there are not many convincing studies on the ‘-고 있다’ auxiliary predicate. This research was conducted in the following manner. First, it examined 50,000 syntactic words from the parallel corpus, differentiated the written words from the spoken ones, analyzed the usage aspects of the meanings of ‘-고 있다’와 ‘아/어 있다’ respectively, and identified the meanings which are not commonly used. Second, the respective meanings of ‘-고 있다’와 ‘-아/어 있다’ and their corresponding Chinese phrases in written and spoken languages were scrutinized. Third, similar Chinese corresponding phrases and those corresponding phrases that are not usually used were picked out and further delved into. Finally, rules and differences the emerged from such corresponding phrases were identified and discussed. This study is relevant in three ways. First, it clarified the complex meanings of Korean ‘-고 있다’와 ‘-아/어 있다’ and their corresponding Chinese phrases by utilizing the parallel corpus method which incorporates both written and spoken languages. Second, it can be used as a useful reference, a textbook or a dictionary compilation, by Chinese learners of Korean language. Finally, it can also positively contribute to translation and interpretation education and contrastive studies specifically as a basic resource in differentiating written language from the spoken one.

The study focused on the semantic differences between ‘좋다’ in the korean and ‘好’ in Chinese Languages. First we contrast the same meanings and different meanings of two words in the modern dictionaries. Then we searched the same points and differences of ‘좋다’ and ‘好’ under the basic theories of the cognitive linguistics. In the end, we searched and analyzed the mode of meaning expanding and found out the same mode expanding and the different mode expanding. The thesis will provide a new study methods of polysemy words and it will also facilitate the Korean and Chinese language learners.

The opening speech in the 10th anniversary of China-ASEAN Business and Investment Summit Conference has characters of both ritualistic ceremony's speech and public political speech considering the meeting of leaders of ASEAN allied powers. This kind of speech is a form of public mass communication which unilaterally delivers the position of a country or the opinion of it in front of lots of viewers in the oral form using given text, and should appeal to the emotion of audience inducing their compliment and favor, suggest the blueprint of future to them and lead positive reaction from them by way of expressing the intended political intentions. The opening speech in this manuscript is equipped with the ritualistic and political components, amiable contents such as remembrance of past, compliment and celebration. And proper ideas and arrangement are suited to the purpose of the occasion in accordance with reporting an important policy presenting future situation and specific issues and persuading audience about them. In addition, Li Keqiang, who has strong ethos and inclination to 'progress', has an important role in amplifying the influence of speech. All the linguistic and non-linguistic expressions used in the speech are also balanced in view of ritualistic ceremony's speech and public political speech.

The number of multicultural families accounts for 2% of whole number of population. Among them, the multicultural family consisting of non-Korean Chinese and Korean is of the greatest importance showing 20,635(66.2%) marriage cases between Korean man and non-Korean Chinese woman and 5,042(42.2%) between non-Korean Chinese man and Korean woman. For those reasons, the number of children from multicultural family has been increasing. According to Safety Executive, the number of the multicultural children has steadily increased from 44,285 in 2007 to 204,204 this year. As the percentage of non-Korean Chinese married Immigrant family is 50.7%, it takes the first place. In contrast with this trend, marriage based immigrants who have Chinese nationality still complain of difficulties in settling down in Korea. Due to the environment that using Korean language is preferred, they don't have any choice but to use Korean at home, leading to the lack of communication with children using Chinese. As a result, emotional connectedness is going down between parents and children and they have an identity crisis. They have become various elements in home problems and can influence negative effects on social unification. It's the right time to implement Chinese teaching for the spouse and children of non-Korean Chinese married Immigrant family with an active and tolerant attitude to narrow down the gap of problems and to have the influence as a global society. However, it is true that a discussion or enforcement on the social recognition and need of this problems has not been treated. Thus, this study proposed Chinese teaching for the children of non-Korean Chinese married Immigrant family.

As the relations between China and South Korea are closed, the interpretation market between Chinese and Korean has been great developed, not only in Korea, but also in China. But comparing the development of the interpretation activities, Chinese-Korean, Korean-Chinese interpretation studies are insufficient. This paper is the result of the analysis of the problem in Chinese-Korean, Korean-Chinese interpretation studies, which based on the studies of interpretation in the west, China and Korea. In this paper put forward the development direction of the future and hope more and more scholars can focus on interpretation research, expand the scope of the research topic, engage in the research of community interpretation, the history of Chinese and Korean interpretation, interpretation teaching and interpretation corpus research, etc.

Since Tang Dynasty, the poetic words by personification of Four Precious Things have been used in prose. From this, I undertook to figure out: How Metaphor was made use of in the poetry of The Four Friends of the Study; Whether the rhetoric in prose appears again in poetry, or whether there are other particular rhetoric. It would be too abstract to examine the Chinese poetry in all ages, so I narrowed it to the Tang Dynasty selecting 52 poems of ‘paper, writing brush, ink-stick, and ink-stone’. There are 15 poems of paper, 12 of writing brush, 4 of ink-stick, and 21 of ink-stone. Except for the three poems which were counted twice, the primary sources in this study are 49 poems. The poets from Wei-Jin the Southern and Northern Dynasties and Tang Dynasty used simile and metaphor most. They described The Four Friends of the Study by making use of comparison and hyperbole, or sometimes by way of personification. But there are some cases that all the above rhetoric were synthetically used. From the fact that there were personifications in poetry, I drew a conclusion that poetic words from the personification of The Four Friends of the Study have been universally used since the middle and late Tang Dynasty and more universalized in the Song Dynasty.

Although the researchers had not the same conclusions about Tao Yuanming is the just writer of the novel Shoushenhouji, it does not affected the deep research on the relationship between Tao Yuanming and his novel works. The famous scholar Liang Qichao had began to research this field since 1920s’, and in the following years, the famous scholar HuShi and LuXun had extent research on it. In this article, the writer began to research the internal and external factors of Tao Yuanming novel creation. And deeply research on the famous work Taohuayuanji, was named the first novel before Tang Dynasty, and other importance novel works of Tao Yuanming. In the article, the writer emphasize the importance of realistic research on the relationship between Tao Yuanming and his novel works, and promote the research level.

This paper examines Liu yong and Zhou bangyan's travel ci(羁旅词). Liu and Zhou represent the ci literary circles in Northern Song Dynasty, both having contributed to the development of the ci genre, specifically to the formation and prevalence of long style ci(慢词). This paper focuses on the structure of time and space: the feature and transitioning format of Liu and Zhou's travel ci respectively. It also aims to confirm the patterns of describing emotions of feeling, mainly explains how skillfully the time and space structures matter in delineating emotions. In ci, the space and time sectors directly reflect the complexity and ambiguity of the genre itself. The space and time in ci are created through the writing methods of overlapping and leaping between the reality and imaginary world. The reversed time and space structures are the outcome of actual being and virtual image. Liu and Zhou take the object sceneries like twilight, dawn, seasons, and possible transporting ways such as waterways or horse riding. Afterward, on their subjective preferences, both build up the typical time and space feature: Liu’s “autumn-dusk-ascending” type and Zhou’s “coming back to the same space” type. In these specialized time and space settings, they compose travel ci with the typical pattern of delineating emotions, demonstrating individual characteristics.

This study is correlation between The late Ming Dynasty' essay(小品文) and Literary style Reformation of King Jongjo in the Chosun Dynasty. It can be said that the thought and view of literature of Lizhi(李贄) and gonganpai (公安派) to reflect the distinctive times distinctive was opposite to existing literary theory. The late Ming Dynasty' essay was the most proper style of their writing. The late Ming Dynasty' essay has been introduced to Chosun Dynasty, many writer such as Park, Jiwon, and other noblemen were detracted by it. It was enough to threaten traditional prose. While King Jongjo against this current, he also tried to correct the wrong portion of the late Ming Dynasty' essay by changing the style of writing. This is because he considered himself as a representer of Chosun' Zhonghuazhuyi(中華主義) and , at the same time, he decided to establish Confucian orthodoxy and orthodox of literature by reviving orthodox literary ideology. Of course, It is deeply related to obtain the authenticity of Dynasty.

During his missionary work in Shaozhou Canton(廣東 韶州) China in late Ming Dynasty (1602), a Catholic Jesuit Missinary, Nicholasus Longobardi(龍華民, Italilan, 1565-1655), was attacked by Shaozhou Buddhists. To cope with his missionary difficulties, Longobardi translated one of the biography of Catholic Saints called The Story of St. Joasaph to Chinese『聖若撒法始末 Sheng Luo Sa Fa Shi Mo』. The original St. Joasaph's story spread with many variety of versions: The Balavariani, Barlaam and Ioasaph, Legenda Aurea. Among many different versions, Longobardi translated and published Jacobi a Voragine's Latin translation of Legenda Aurea『聖傳金庫』 to a Chinese version. This literary translation work of Longobardi, depicts a life story of Joasaph, a prince of India who becomes Catholic and achieves enlightenment to become a Catholic Saint. The content of this work is completely different from the Buddhist Scriptures Lalita Vistara『普曜經』in that Siddhartha, the founder of Buddhism, is depicted as a Catholic Saint evangelizing Catholicism. Longobardi, in order to achieve his missionary goals, using variety of literary translation strategies, changed the original content and introduced a completely catholicized biography to the Chinese people for the first time. The paper is divided into seven chapters to do a comprehensive analysis of Chinese Translation『聖若撒法始末 Sheng Luo Sa Fa Shi Mo』. First, activity of Jesuit missionaries and their translated literature is examined carefully. Longobardi's translation strategy and the way he achieved the translation is also studied. Comparison and analysis is made between the original text and Longobardi's Chinese translation work. The paper also studied how Longobardi's work was passed on to Chinese descendents and the literature's implication on them.

Liu Sanjie(third sister Liu) is the first girl called immortal singer in Chinese old popular tradition who had attractive supernatural voice, which had been well-known person since Tang Dynasty. in China the legend according to Liu Sanjie story spread over a wide area, so we consider it's value as traditional legendary literature, rudimentary researched the archetype of Liu Sanjie story, furthermore made an aesthetic appreciation. This paper especially focused on the mechanism of transposition, based on 5W mode, trying to chase Liu Sanjie story's acceptance and change in appearance. Critical survey on two biography of Liu Sanjie, written by Zhang Erhe and Sun Fanggui, gave us very significant information about Liu Sanjie and Liu Sanjie story which is building up not only complicated but also descriptive structure. Zhang's biography of Liu Sanjie is much more complicate than Sun's biography of Liu Sanjie, each of them have particularity and commonness. In case of storytelling methods configuration of Liu Sanjie is no longer fixing style, rapidly moved in unexpected direction, that none the less as a heroic woman, as an immortal being Liu Sanjie will be the most favorite figure, Liu Sanjie story will be alive in this time.

Previous studies on Taiwan Indigenous Literature are mostly from the perspective of postcolonial counter-discourse. In this way, The spiritual tradition of the indigenous culture is ignored and considered superstitious. However, this paper uses the perspectives of poetics and mythology aesthetics to analyze ‘The Eyes of The Sky’(written by Rapongan Syaman), ‘The Spirit of Yushan’(written by Husluman)，and ‘Palisia Tongku Saveq’ (written by Neqou Soqluman). In the beginning of ‘The Eyes of The Sky’, Rapongan Syaman changes the narrator of the myth ‘Flying Fish’ from human to a fish. Here, a question arises regarding anthropocentrism. In ‘The Spirit of Yushan’, Vava put the indigenous’ oral statement tradition in writing which vitalized Chinese literature. Also, Vava recreated the vanishing culture of the Indiginous in the abstract world of literature. In ‘Palisia tongku saveq’, Neqou Soqluman added some elements of fantasy to the myths of the indiginous which created a new genre in Chinese literature.

As deep‐seated cultural in Sino sphere, Confucianism thoughts run through the Chinese and Korean classic novels-- <Romance of Three Kingdoms 三國演義> and <Imjin war 壬辰錄>. It particularly displayed strongly emotion and trochaic in characterization. Concretely speaking, in two novels, five virtues of the two general Zhao Yun and Lee Soonshin are strongly praised for “kindheartedness and justice”; Sun Quan 孫權 and Seonjo of Joseon 朝鮮宣祖 are described by mixed love‐hate feelings, for Sun Quan, praising his capacity and having little patience with his dishonest, but for Seonjo of Joseon, sympathizing with him in his misfortune and disgusting his incapable; Dong Zhuo 董卓, Lv Bu 呂布and aggressor, are consuming animadverted as betrayer. This kind of character description mode carrying strongly individual affection, is deeply associated with Confucianism which advocate kindheartedness, justice and orthodox idea. Confucianism philosophy represented by Confucian is a kind of ethics philosophy, pursuing a kindheartedness, justice, wisdom, loyalty, and etiquette personality. This kind of description with which had a strong trochaic showed us a Confucianism’s value standard. For which, foundation is worship for morals, wisdom, and orthodox idea. This kind of evaluation standard can bring some creative interpretation of history. Reflected the Confucian values and aesthetic ideals of the two authors, formed an independent valuation system, established a historical fictional writing mode, provided some successful art experience for futurity. So <Romance of Three Kingdoms 三國演義> and <Imjin war 壬辰錄> had some identical standard to record the history, criticism or praise. Not copy the history simply, but rethink of the history and lighter the world.

To some extent, the modern education for the Chinese women essentially begins from the late Qing Dynasty in the Missionary schools for girls in China. The modern education includes three aspects: the modern educational theory, a certain scale of educational groups and specific educational objects. In a word, the modern education have to be of sociality and communality which can’t be come true under the traditional private education of China which is not used for educating girls. However, the missionary schools in the Late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China have been for girls from rich or poor families. The Missionary Schools have educated many modern women of natural feet, socially practical minds and various views of life.

The New Generation Writers in the 1980s and 1990s drew great attention of the Chinese mainland and Taiwan literary circles for its anti-traditional, anti-mainstream subversion and its deconstructive narrative way. As the generation born in the 1950s and 1960s, New Generation Writers’ memories of childhood and adolescence were full of traumatic experiences and were also full of variety by the differences between Chinese mainland and Taiwan in time and space backgrounds, ideology, and cultural contexts. New Generation writers on Chinese mainland were mostly born in the 1960s. Their childhood and adolescence coincided with the Cultural Revolution. So the tyranny, violence and patriarchy at that time has caused tremendous trauma to their physical and mental health. To alleviate the personal historical traumas, these writers started writing their traumatic memories about Cultural Revolution in the eyes of children. The writers revealed the soul trauma caused by the violence in cultural revolution and the ridiculous, deformed patriarchy and an ugly, wretched father in a child's growth. In this way, expressed their deep thoughts of humanity, questioned toward patriarchy and rebelled against those ugly father images. The New Generation Writers in Taiwan were mostly born in the 1950s. Their memories of childhood and adolescence bore an evident provincial or ethnic imprint. Local Taiwanese writers generally presented the physical and mental trauma of Taiwanese impacted by February 28 Incident and the Political Terror in the 1950s.Immigrant writers in Taiwan were inclined to write based on their living experiences in military communities to reveal the rootless anxiety and spiritual trauma caused by identity loss, which has triggered serious reflection over origin problems and group conflicts. New Generation Writers from Chinese mainland and Taiwan deconstructed the dominance of official grand history, formed a new traumatic historical narrative way, and displayed an alternative traumatic historical reality in a personal way. This personal interpretation of history has revealed the traumatic historical awareness of the writers and their thinking on the traumatic characteristics of history, which in a sense realized the reflection and transcendence of individuals to history and also brought new perspective for people to interpret history.

Language serving as a method that conveys thoughts and emotions of a human being, is the most important tool for relationship and is the result of cultures. Therefore, languages repeating evolution and extinction in response to the development and changes of society, reflect social system, economic condition, values, modes of thought, custom of an ethnic group or a nation. Especially in the aspect of linguistics, studies of vocabularies is an asset that leads most sensitively and quickly to social-cultural information of a certain age and region. This paper deals with the Canton System through the vocabularies that appears on dialogic styles in «Dialogues and detached sentences in the Chinese Language»(1816) by Robert Morrison, a British protestant missionary who did his missionary works in Canton, China and Macao from 1807 to 1834. Robert Morrison wrote the textbook of Chinese conversation during Guangzhou Trade Period when the trade between China and Western countries was available only through Guangzhou. The textbook shows the condition of the trade in Guangzhou as an exclusive trade zone where there were 13 traders who were exclusively in charge of Chinese foreign trade, and foreign traders who were set near Pearl River in the Qing Dynasty. It is not too much to say that «Dialogues and detached sentences in the Chinese Language»(1816), the textbook of Chinese conversation by Robert Morrison who brought Good News of Jesus Christ into China and did his missionary works in Guanzhou, China, and Macao in the days when getting a Chinese textbook was illegal as well as learning Chinese was not as opened as nowadays, is a repository to learn social-cultural backgrounds of a certain age and region.

Shang Shu尚書 has been known for its historical value in the different studies of ancient China’s politics, philosophy and culture. With abundant historical records of ancient times and the imperial edicts of the Shia夏, Sung商, Chou周 Dynasty selected, Shang Shu serves as the important reference for emperors’ policies. Therefore, it was regard as one of the classics in both ancient China and neighboring countries. The significance of Shang Shu is showed in The Annals of the Chosŏn Dynasty朝鮮王朝實錄that not only brought comprehensive effect on the royal family, but also influenced the scholar-officials in ancient Korea. For instance, Shang Shu was highly valued in emperor’s education. Besides, approximate one-sixth of the existing Confucian classics works from the late Koryŏ to Chosŏn Dynasty are related to Shang Shu, which shows its profound impact in the educated class. This research attempted to study how the influence of Shang Shu to the Korean peninsula and its track” through the main research objects such as The Chronicles of the Three States三國史記, History of Koryŏ高麗史, The Annals of the Chosŏn Dynasty, The Daily Records of Royal Secretariat of Chosŏn Dynasty承政院日記. Based on historical data from the Three States of Korea , the research analyzed the transmission process eastwards of Shang Shu. To understand the context and development content from numerous literatures, the transmission process was further discussed in three periods “The introduction in the Three States of Korea and the Unified Silla Dynasty ”, “The foundational period in the Koryŏ Dynasty” and “The prosperous period in the Chosŏn Dynasty”. Moreover, it will be discussed by the two prespectives, “Textbook in Jing Yan lecture經筵” and “Imperial examination” which were representative example for understanding the historical significances of Shang shu. Through these multiple perspectives with extensive sources, the research can help to analyze the significances of the study of Shang Shu in both Korea and China, as well as the interaction and transmission of Shang Shu in East Asia.