KJC Korea
Journal Central

This paper is focused on the competency assessment for selecting 65 top managerial positions of 44 public enterprises, which are appointed by the president of Korea. The empirical survey is conducted for analyzing the common factors of core job competency among these positions, with the data from 168 respondents including position occupants and related public managers. The survey results show that 11 competencies including expertise and leading reform are commonly required for these positions, and that there are differences in relative importance of common core competencies between presidents and auditors in the public enterprises. [Key Words: 산하단체임원, 대통령임명직위, 직무수행역량, 인사기

Many para-governmental institutions in Korea have been criticized by the Korean people because they have been managed unaccountably and inefficiently. They have received implicit subsidies and protective measures from government without explicit criteria. So, they are called as 'agencies under the umbrella of government'. They have mainly depended on aids and supports from the government without their own efforts for their going concern. The government control also could have delayed or prevented adjustments to the changed environment in a number of cases. The poor image on them have gone from bad to worse since IMF bail in 1987. Thus, the Korean government(the ministry of planning and budget) enacted 'the framework law for managing agencies under the umbrella of government' in 2003 after many twists and turns. The law introduced the comprehensive evaluation and monitoring system instead of the inherited government's interferences. The purpose of this paper, with the act as a momentum, is to review how to design the evaluation and monitoring system prior to implementation. The system is examined in the five aspects of 'Who should evaluate them(evaluation agency)?', 'What should be evaluated in their management results(evaluation contents)?', 'How should be evaluated(evaluation methods)?', 'When should be evaluated(evaluation time)?' and 'Condition: atmosphere and maturity in evaluation'. The gradual enforcement of the evaluation system is emphasized because they are not ready to be appraised and their objectives are too divers to be compared in the same stick in conclusion. [Key Words: 산하기관, 경영평가시스템, 정부산하관리기본법, 성과평가, 신공공관리

There has been a lot of discussion going on about the reform of the social welfare system in the developing countries as well as in the developed countries. The case of South Korea is no exception to this trend. Although it has a short history of national pension system, it has already exposed many problems including fiscal crisis. This situation has resulted in various reform proposals from the government and academic sectors. A sheer number of reform proposals accompanied by lively discussion at home as well as abroad increases the difficulty of finding an appropriate reform plan. To deal with this problem, there has to be a deep discussion of the essentials. From this standpoint, this study derived income redistribution, government monopoly and coercion as the essential elements comprising the national pension system. With regard to each of the elements, this study has investigated various arguments and put them in perspective. [Key Words: 소득재분배, 정부독점, 강제성, 부과방식, 적립방식, 민영화]

This study aims to comparatively analyse the contracting-out process of public services in local government, focusing on two different sectors of social welfare facilities and refuse collection. Cases were collected from Daegu Metropolitan City and its district offices, and document research and interviewing were mainly used as research methods. The process of contracting-out in this study was classified five stages, including the inducement of competition for contracting-out, the selection of trustee amongst several competitors and the making of a written contract, the supervision and monitoring by local government, the evaluation of results, and the process of recontract. In accordance with these five stages, this study postulated theoretical framework in order to explore the realities of contracting-out process in local government, and the cases in two different areas of public services were adequately analysed under the guidance of this theoretical framework. However, results of this study reveal that the realities of contracting-out process in local government are far beyond in satisfying the expected level, which is theoretically assumed in this study, irrespective of the characteristics of two different public services. [Key Words: 민간위탁, 경쟁유치, 수탁자, 사회복지관, 생활 쓰레기]

This paper is designed to analyze institutional issues with respect to decentralization reform in Korea. It is certain that decentralization reform is closely connected with several stages of institutions, including by-laws, administrative rules and regulations, legislative laws and constitution. In addition, Special Law of Decentralization and Comprehensive Devolution Law have deeply something to do with decentralization reform. On the basis of problems vested in Special Law of Decentralization and Comprehensive Devolution Law, local governments not only have to prepare productive strategies to promote decentralization reform in the near future. Local governments also have to devote themselves to developing creative by-laws which are supposed to result in substantial promotion of decentralization. As far as decentralization reform is concerned, administrative rules and regulations which have imposed a high level of control over local governments are suggested to be replaced by by-laws which are supposed to be made by local governments. Finally, it is strongly suggested that Local Autonomy Act has to be amended to the direction of adopting a variety of models for local governments. [Key Words: 지방분권, 제도개혁, 행정입법, 지방분권특별법, 지방이양일괄법]

This paper examines the regional equity in the distribution of local expenditure in Korea. The degree of regional equity is measured by means of the ratio of the proportion of a region's expenditure to the sum of region's expenditures divided by the proportion of a region's revenue to the sum of region's revenues, the proportion of a region's expenditure to the sum of region's expenditures divided by the proportion of a region's GRP to the sum of region's GRPs, and the proportion of a region's expenditure to the sum of region's expenditures divided by the proportion of a region's population to the sum of region's population, fiscal concentration index and the Khetan-Poddar index. A region's expenditure is defined in terms of the expenditure total, the expenditure total in the general account, and the metropolitan and provincial offices' expenditure in general account, respectively. An expenditure total is measured by the sum of expenditures settled in the General Account, Public corporate Special Account and miscellaneous Special Account of meropolitans, Provinces, cities and Guns in a defined region. The expenditure total in the general is measured by the sum of expenditures settled in the General Account of metropolitan, Provinces, cities and Guns in a defined region. The metropolitan and provincial offices' expenditure in general account is measured by the sum of expenditures settled in the General Account of the metropolises and Provinces in a defined region. The data used is from 1970 to 2000. This paper concludes that the local expenditure has not been equally distributed for the period examined. The results indicate that Seoul and Kyungki regions may have sacrificed their share to finance other regions like Gangwon, Chungchung, and Chulla. [Key Words: 지방세출, 형평성, 지역격차]

This study reviews the historical change of cultural policies and organization of local government in postwar Korea. It also focuses on the national level cultural policies with reference to the promotion of local culture. The analysis shows that the development of cultural policies and organization of local government was coincident with the change of regime and societal circumstances. Especially, after 1990s, local and central governments have formulated diverse plans for promoting local and regional cultures. The study also shows the future direction of cultural policies and organization of local government in Korea. [Key Words: 지방정부, 문화정책, 문화행정조직, 문화분권화]

Government striving for maintain cooperative relations NGO which rapidly growing. The above present state are called governance, new public management, policy network, third-party government. Object of this study analyze that how are Pusan Metropolitan City's personnel and NGO's constituents understand relations between government and NGO, and what are variables get on relations between government and NGO. The findings of this dissertation are as follows: 1. There is significant difference between mean marks of civil servants' understanding and the mean marks of NGO's constituents's understanding. 2. As a result of regression, civil servants answerd that NGO's opposition to Pusan Metropolitan City's policy and Pusan Metropolitan City's accept of NGO's opinion influenced upon relations between government and NGO. NGO's constituents answerd that variables influenced upon relations between government and NGO did not existed. [Key Words: 정부, NGO, 협력관계, 거버넌스, 관계형성

The purpose of this study is to examine current status of overlapping regulations among the regulatory authorities and to suggest some remedies. This paper focuses on cases of the industrial safety regulations in Korea. This study uses the conflict management theory to make a framework. This framework provides five strategies to resolve it; i) avoiding, ii) obliging, iii) dominating, iv) compromising, v) integrating. So far, most regulatory authorities don't like to oblige their regulatory power and interests to another and to lead to an issue at the front. They have used often avoiding strategy in industrial safety field. Recently, there are some efforts for resolving these problems but it is not complete. Now, it's time to suggest synthesized alternatives for the reform of the overlapping regulation. This study proposes two ideas as an integrating strategy. One is unification of law and the competent authority in terms of industrial safety. Another is unification approach of the Singapore. [Key Words: 중복규제, 산업안전, 갈등관리]

The purpose of this study is to analyze the distinctive pattern of the regulatory reform in the financial sector in Korea from the viewpoint of re-regulation. The existing studies on regulatory reforms use deregulation approach to regulatory reform. Thus, they cannot provide a systematic tool to inspect the patterns and structures of post-regulatory system. To overcome the limits of the existing studies, this study adopted re-regulation approach to explore the distinctive pattern in the financial regulatory reform in Korea. According to the result of the regulatory reform contents analysis in the financial sector from the viewpoint of re-regulation, the regulatory reform in the financial sector represented the regulatory re-framework to create competition and to promote financial systemic safety. According to the analysis of the actual condition of re-regulation, however, the re-regulatory system in the financial sector fails to operate properly as we expected. Government control over the financial sector still remained. Through this study on the re-regulation we can understand more clearly the essence of the financial regulatory reform in Korea. Furthermore, this study can provide useful implications about the government role and the regulatory reform in the future. [Key Words: 규제개혁, 재규제, 금융정책, 건전성 규제 수단, 재량적 개입]

Korean universities like those in other advanced countries are in a turbulent environment that demands a more social responsiveness which in turn necessitates of reconsideration of the traditional missions of university: education(teaching), research and service. This thesis examines these three traditional missions of university in relation to one another and found they are not only delicately and complicatedly interrelated but also need a holistic re-consideration. Nevertheless, mission of the university in the 21st century must be reconstructed on the basis of communality that university has enjoyed over history and of education of the all generations, if possible. [Key Words: 대학, 사명, 교수, 연구, 봉사]

Development projects deliver economic, social, and environmental benefits and costs. Benefits and costs of development projects are not always distributed equally among stake-holders and sometimes the meaning of benefits and costs are defined differently. Therefore, development projects accompanies with environmental conflicts. Environmental conflicts make social costs increase. The best desirable solution for environmental conflicts with the least social costs is to resolve causes of environmental conflicts or to mitigate them in advance. Environmental impacts assessments(EIAs), required before proposed development projects go into effect, have dual potential. Improper EIAs may cause environmental conflicts. EIAs are undertaken properly, however, environmental conflicts can be prevented and mitigated. In order to prevent, mitigate or resolve environmental conflicts, not only the scope and time of public involvement need to be expanded and the way of public involvement need to be diversified, but also the current socio-economic impact assessment should be amended and strengthened. Social impact assessments are enacted in most developed countries based on the idea that development projects have impacts on social, cultural, political and economic environment beyond impacts on the biophysical environment. Social impact assessment can contribute to developing strategies to mitigate social conflicts by predicting social impacts of the proposed projects and developing project alternatives. Social impact assessments can fully realize when they are enacted through proper public involvement processes. [Key Words: 환경영향평가, 환경갈등, 시민참여, 사회영향평가]

The objectives of this study are to analyze the environmental policy means and to seek conceptual model of integrated environmental management(IEM). In South Korea, although many scholars addressed to introduce the IEM in environmental policy, institutional arrangement and policy guiding principles are not developed yet. In this paper, the target of IEM are classified into three field, namely, pollution substance, pollution source, area. The IEM of pollution substance are divided into inter-medium management and intra-medium management. The main policy means of integrated management of pollution source are the integrated permitting system(IPS) and best available technology.(BAT) The main source of integrated area management are divided into the environmental management of spill-over region and special pollution area.(i.e. garbage landfill and marsh) [Key Words: 통합환경관리, 오염물질통합관리, 오염원통합관리, 오염지역통합관리]

The purpose of this paper is to re-examine the meaning of welfare from the ecological approach. For this purpose, it begins to understand the meaning of welfare and to overview the recent study of the welfare state in relation to welfare. According to ecological perspectives, the implications for relations with other people and nature are inescapable. Human fulfillment links personal growth, social justice, and ecojustice. This presents a tremendous opportunity for professional theories and practice strategies to go beyond a goal of egoistic self-actualization to a goal of mutual benefit for all beings. It is not merely that person and environment are inter-connected. Even further, the person and the environment are not separable. We need to realize that human's well-being and the well-being of nonhuman including nature are connected inextricably. [Key Words: 복지개념, 생태주의, 상호관련성]

This study aims to improve the relevance of complexity theory that is based on positively analyzed the self-organization phenomenon of street cheer in the 「2002 the World Cup」. The characteristics of the complexity theory involve self-organization, co-evolution, and others. Self-organization means that the organization is determined by internal factors without any outer interference. Co-evolution puts emphasis on mutual evolution where an individual entity evolves entire group and vice versa. Recently, although complexity theory has been extensively explored, relatively few positive studies have been validated. This study positively analyses the self-organization phenomenon of street cheer in the 「2002 the World Cup」 that is based on at least sex characteristics: coherence field, butterfly effect, bifurcation, feedback loop, fractal, and co-evolution. This contribution can be summarized as follows: First, Complexity theory can assist in identifying its activity that organization characterized by self-organizational interaction is more effective than organization controled by intended manipulation. Second, Complexity theory is a useful concept to explain a complex society situation that can not make a prediction. Third, In the chaotic society, a dynamic organization of far-from-equilibrium condition leads a creative order. It was verified that street cheer of 「2002 the World Cup」 is concerned closely with complexity theory. In short, this study suggests that complexity theory above understood certainly has a utility that analyse both diversified and complicated social phenomenon [Key Words: 자기조직화, 공진화, 복잡성이론, 거리응원, 공명의 장, 나비효과]

The current informatization policy evaluation system has shown problems to be solved. In order to examine those problems and to develop an effective national informatization evaluation framework, this article suggests: 1) that the horizontal and vertical scope of evaluation be enlarged to cope with the changes in the informatization paradigms and the needs of new evaluation; 2) that the "IEC(Informatization Evaluation Committee)" be strengthened and activated by the law and institutions to improve the impartiality of the evaluation processes and the results; 3) that the methods and the time of the evaluation be reorganized to increase utilization of the evaluation results by the customers; 3) that various evaluation methods such as IE(Information Economics), B/C and ROI be adopted to improve evaluation validity and reliability; and 5) that the informatization programs and projects be evaluated from the life-cycle perspective to overcome the shortcomings of ex-post evaluation. [Key Words: 정보화평가, 정보화사업평가, 정보화평가체계]

This study is to improve partnership of educational community to enhance the educational competitive power in the field of school education. In the political, economical and social context, korean society is now facing the serious crises. The enhancement of educational competitive power can overcome these crises. Educational competitive power is to change desirable man from ignorant man. Moreover, it makes valuable man in the side of social life. So partnership of educational community is very important variables in educational competitive power. At this time, educational community are composed of the school authorities, teachers, students, parents of students and etc. It needs the formation of social capital to improve partnership of educational community. 1. It is very important to change community spirit from private faith. That is to share the consciousness of community and the morality, and to harmonize the public interest and the private interest and to recognize the rights and the obligations simultaneously. 2. It is also important to reconstruct public faith. So educational policy must have the long term visual field and the decentralized administrative system. And it is very important to activate participation in the process of decision making. Finally, educational community have to reborn into moral community to lead korean society. [Key Words: 교육공동체, 교육력, 사회자본, 학교현장의 교육력, 교육공동체협력]

In the limelight is the introduction of service concept to the public administration as well as SERVQUAL model that can meet the needs to improve this. Terms are manipulatively defined true to its intrinsic nature by analyzing how the dimension and factors of measuring the services pursued by SERVQUAL model are used. The contents of manipulative reconstruction are defined by analyzing the originals of SERVQUAL model and currently used contents, which is most suited to the original. Based on the research, the reasons why researchers apply SERVQUAL"s 5 dimensions and 22 items differently, which they wanted to pursue first are as follows: First, SERVQUAL research was changed due to 1985, 1988 and 1991 studies, and differences in translation arose at the time of research. Second, some terms were not translated uniformly in the process of translating English into Korean precisely. Third, differences arose among translators in the process of measuring the intrinsic meaning of 22 dimensions, and much differences in meaning from the original arose since some tools that have been translated and used were just introduced and utilized. It is anticipated that SERVQUAL model clearly defined in this study will be fully utilized as a tool for measuring services [Key Words: SERVQUAL, 서비스, 유형성, 신뢰성, 대응성, 보증성, 공감성]