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The social participation of women is a natural trend of the late 21th century. Nevertheless, female participation in the society of government still remains in an extremely limited position. It does not reach the level of ordinary foreign government or general agencies, and granting that female participation is realized at a certain rate, women's leading advance into a policy decision unit is quite insignificant. So, This study conducted opinion researches to analyze the society of government workers and referred to sundry records relevant to the pre-performed studies to secure the theoretic ground("glass ceiling") as ways to accomplish the above goal, and in actual actions we passed out 550 copies of questionnaires to city-hall and district office respectively who work for the Busan metropolitan city, subordinate institutes under the Administration, and then collected statistics as followings. The attitude of male managers causes drain of talent as woman either settle for not reaching the top or leave to pursue their own career. As women begin to break through the glass ceiling and claim management positions, many find that senior management positions are still closed to them. As a consequence, in order to make the most of womanpower to the direction of guaranteeing feministic participation or treatment in broadcasting companies, principles or policies to utilize it should be changed first. And the change of principles and policies will be revealed as the change into a system or a practice which helps the advance of female managers concretely. As a plan related to the existing women's advance into administrative positions, based on the problems in our enterprises' utilization and management system of womanpower, it is required to extend education recognizing cultural differences including the removal of discrimination

The present research tries to show evaluation of G2B service from the customers who contacted and made use of 'The Office of Supply'. It also attempts to suggest constructive ideas to improve its service. The main tasks 'The Office of Supply' are by and large concerned about the following: supply affairs, construction works of equipment, G2B service(Nara Jangter), construction works of supervision, and stock of goods. This paper, in particular, figured out and evaluated the area of G2B(Nara Jangter) service. The evaluation of the service was divided into two sections, supply and demand units. The paper includes significance of overall e-supply system of our country and e-supply management & administration. In addition, function and importance of customer evaluation, and models measuring customer satisfaction are discussed in the paper. There is comprehensive analysis about degree of total satisfaction based on units of supply service, degree of task division and dimension, analysis of items etc. In conclusion, this paper indicated present difficulties and problems associated with G2B service and it made some suggestions to improve better service.

Ecological Footprint Analysis(EFA) has been given much attention and widely praised as effective heuristic and pedagogic device for current total human resource use in a way that communicates easily to almost everyone since 1996 when Wackernagel and Rees proposed it as a tool for planning toward sustainability. This study is to analyze the sustainability in Busan City by EFA and then to explore the guideline toward sustainable city. The results of this study are as follows. First, the per capita footprint of Busan citizens in 2002 increases 123% , as compared with that in 1995, in spite of the decrease in population . Second, the per caipta footprint in 2002 exceeded the terrestrial footprint of Busan by 2.89 ha, the residents of Busan continously appropriate the productive output of a land area nearly 143 times lager than the geographical area of their municipality to support their consumer lifestyle. Third , the ecological deficit index of Busan in 2002 is 24,817%, this result shows that Busan is ruuning a massive 'ecological deficit' with the rest of Korea and World. The development programes which have been planned to exploit productive land areas in Busan by urban government are expected to degrade the productive ecosystem of Earth as well as that of Busan.

Despite being illegal in most foreign governments, strikes by government employees are part of public sector labor relations. Public sector alternatives such as mediation, fact-finding, and arbitration to the strike have been invented. There are evidences that these alternative procedures have been successful in reducing strikes. Under the circumstance in which Korean government recently announced it would allow government workers to organize unions and bargain collectively, we need to consider how to manage collective bargaining process in the public sector in a sound manner. In other words we have to design the collective bargaining system not only to motivate voluntary bargaining between public employees and employers but also to protect public interest from service stoppages caused by illegal strikes. This paper examines impasse resolution procedures that have been invented in foreign societies. Doing this job this paper attempts to give some ideas of the Korean model of impasse resolution mechanism to the policy makers in this field.

The intergovernmental conflict of water resources has been spreaded since the early 1990s in Korea. The purpose of this article is to search for strategies of analyzing main conflict issue about water resources. For the purpose of this study, this article examines conflict factors, analyzes conflict structure and suggests the strategies of intergovernmental conflict management concerning water resources. The main factors of intergovernmental conflict of water resources are the increased demand of water, discord of expense and convenience, technological complexity, and imperfect management institution. These factors have played major roles in developing complexity and deepening intergovernmental conflict. The case of intergovernmental conflict about Janggok-chwisujang establishment between Jecheon si and Yeongwol gun has been analyzed in this study. This case is about water resources conflicts between two local governments that represents intergovernmental conflict concerning preservation flux decision that considers absence of definite water rights. Instead of the monolithic perspective that is 'solution of conflict vs. dissolution', this study especially provides a new perspective that is 'solution of conflict vs. repression of conflict ' for more objective explanations.

This study deduces a model by which we can make an integrative approach to the quality of old people and discusses in detail the conceptual sub-dimensions that are composed of the model. The conceptual sub-dimensions are social conditions, old people's needs and life-environment, their life-world, objective welfare and subjective welfare, and the integrated welfare or quality of the elderly. The objective welfare is considered as life-capacity that is conceptualized by the introduction of Sen's capability, and the subjective welfare is composed of emotional satisfaction and existential satisfaction. I define the quality of the elderly as the elderly's emotional and existential satisfaction based on life-capacity. In this process, to clarify my arguments, I formalize mathematically the core concepts of the elderly's welfare such as life-world, functionings and n-tuple functionings, life-capacity, objective and subjective welfare, etc.

Public policy-making are increasingly handled through consensus-seeking partnerships involving most affected stake-holders. This paper formalizes the concept of a dynamic policy network and analyze the characteristics of watershed policy-making process in the case of the Han-river and the Nakdong river. It examine the dynamic interactions between policy actors(government-local resident-NGOs) and analyze the evolution of dynamic patterns of policy network. In particular, the paper focused on the investigation of the dynamic interdependent relationship around policy making process, and the how policy actors construct networks or form advocacy coalitions around the watershed policy-making. Results from the studies highlights the dynamics of policy making process in regulatory policy area involving various stake-holders.

The paper is composed of three parts. The first part investigates the dominant model to explain the cultural phenomenon in Korea in terms of both the provider's and the receptionist's perspective. The second part analyzes to what extent do they differ in terms of the cognition level related to cultural purposes and strategic means. The third part explores which model is the most appropriate to guide the cultural policy in Korea among the U.S., French, Sweden model. The findings show that there are a lot of differences among central, regional, local government in terms of both cultural purposes and strategic means.

The purpose of this study is to explain the regulatory policy-making by using the analytic construct "regulatory space" with the case of the Corporate Restructuring Promotion Act. The regulatory space can provide an useful sight to explain the distinctiveness of regulations because the concept considers the institutional and cultural contexts of regulations. In addition, the studies on the regulatory space pay attention to the formation of the regulatory issues and institutionalized expectations about regulatory agency. According to the analysis result, institutional actors opposing the Bill were likely to be excluded in the regulatory space related to the Bill. Moreover, the analysis showed that the institutional expectations about the role of the FSC had a primary influence on the passage of the Bill. This study suggested that the regulatory space related the financial regulation should be more open and that expectations about the role of the government should be changed in order to succeed in the financial regulatory reform in Korea.

This study analyzed the characteristics and evolution process of the korean technology and standardization policy. This work studied standardization process of the korean mobile communication technology, Cellular, PCS, IMT-2000 since the late 1980's. The major findings are that technology policy and standardization process evolved showing unique characteristics affected by inherent and historical institutions. Institutional arrangement, molded in monopoly industry has relatively durable quality through time. It has provided genetic stability and path-dependency. The core element of policy network is close exchange and cooperative relationship government agency, research institutes, corporations, chief actors of R&D and innovation. And government agencies have been aggressively intervened in the process of R&D and standardization as prime actor. Especially, success of TDX, CDMA technology development and infant stage of telecommunication industry justifies government intervention and close cooperations of government agency, research institutes, corporations. At the same time, periphery of policy network has showed institution changeability that have incessant fluctuations and mutations affected by external and internal environment and learning through trial and error. Each cases has changed periphery of policy network and degree and method of government intervention by technology and market, policy environment changes.

With the increased focus on teamwork, employment development, and innovation in the public personnel management, the emphasis has shifted to employee feedback from the full circle of sources of evaluation. This multiple-input approach to performance feedback becomes very popular in many Korean public organizations. This paper discusses the contributions and drawbacks of "360-degree assessment" or "multirater feedback" systems of Korean central government organizations. In spite of the benefits of 360-degree assessment, it is not a panacea since it has various potential risks(e.g., ineffective program administration, hierarchical organizational structures, and cronyism). This paper suggests that the risks are further reduced if 360-degree assessment is properly designed and implemented from the start. People in the government perceives the multirating system's limits would be minimal with proper management, and design from the first stage of development. They also perceive that the effectiveness of superior-only feedback has been continuously reduced and the alternative system should be invented to increase the credibility and acceptability of assessment results. This paper proposed the job-based 360-degree assessment and group-based system as alternatives to the pure individual assessment system.

The use and application of computer and internet have increased rapidly in a short period in Korea by government's efforts. But such weakness classes of information accessibility as lower class, the disabled and the elderly are still isolated from the benefits of information application. This phenomenon is called the coverage gap of information. The digital divide between information-haves and information have-nots results in the gap of potency of socio-economic decision making, and simultaneously that of socio-economic income. This income gap may result in a gap in information access and application, and this can reproduce digital divide on the enlarged scale, and so-called classificaion among classes can be solid much more. Eventually, this can make a bad influence on national harmony and unity. This study will address the government's attempt to improve information accessibility by the handicapped to the IT services/IT products, evaluate the equity of national programs providing the information accessibility for lower income class and the disabled by province, and discuss various implications.

Which policy means are the better to achieve policy goals, to enhance the acceptability of the policy target groups, and to keep up sustainable development? The purpose of this paper is to answer this question. It is a practical dilemma to make the better choice between cooperative and coercive policy means. The analytical framework of this study is composed of four independent variables such as the characteristics of the community, the efficiency of the institution, the legitimacy and acceptability of the institution, and the network of trust and cooperation.I found it effective to select the situationally appropriate policy means considering the context, cost, and benefit of the cooperative and coercive one. In Daepo River's case which satisfies the self-governing conditions the cooperative policy means is more suitable than the coercive one. In case of Hoedong Reservoir which meets the coercive regulatory conditions the coercive policy means is more efficient than the cooperative one. I also found that in each case the cooperation of civil society enhanced social efficiency of the policy means.

The housing expenditure of the tenants of National Rental Housing Program should be targeted within the range of affordability in order for the program to achieve its own policy goal of securing the affordable housing of the low-income household. Evaluating the affordability of the current housing program, this paper estimates the affordable housing expenditure of typical tenants of the type I, II, and III National Rental Housing using the Household Consumption (Survey) Data, and compares it with the actual housing expenditure by the standard deposit and rent of National Rental Housing. It was founded that the housing expenditures of the type I, II, and III National Rental Housing exceed the affordable housing expenditures of the tenants by \35,400, \67,200, and \166,200 respectively for each type. As alternative amendment that can make the housing program affordable, this paper suggests a rental-aid policy and deposit-aid policy. If a rental-aid policy is adopted, it is estimated that \593 billion of additional finance is needed for the next 10 years. If a deposit-aid policy is adapted, it is estimated that \390 billion of additional finance is needed for the next 10 years.

The ‘administrative guidance’ has been an important measure for implementing state-controlled price policies in Korea since the Colonial Period(1910-1945). As for price control, the Korean government has used high-handed approaches via meetings with related industries and business organizations, and the practice hasn’t changed much for almost one hundred years. The administrative guidance on prices has taken place whenever the government felt that it needed to check inflation by stabilizing prices. The detailed actions of the guidance take rigid and even coercive measures via various subsidy and prize-and-penalty systems.

This paper attempts to quantify intangible benefits and costs associated with the tier system change of local governments, with a special reference to the Jeju region in Korea. For this purpose, it employs the Choice Experiments(CE) method which has not been significantly adopted yet in the field of public administration and tries to calculate how much benefits and costs can be arised from the restructuring of existing tier system on the part of residents living in Jeju region. This paper intends to introduce mixed logit to the valuation of intangible and non-market public goods. Mixed logit enables me to allow for the correlation between repeated choices and also allows me to confirm that the costs linked to the restructuring of the existing tier system of local governments in Jeju are not serious.

Do parties matter in the Korean budgetary process? The presidential election of December 1997 brought about a dramatic power shift in Korea. The power shift took place just on the halfway in the period of the same legislative term of the 15th National Assembly. Hence, the national assembly before and after the power shift was under the dominant influence of two different parties. This study attempts to make an empirical analysis of the impact of this unique event upon the legislative budgetary process. Budgeting is a political process which results from bargaining between the state(the government) and the society(the people). Therefore the legislative budgetary review reflects the relationship between the government and the people. This study investigated the changes of the state-society relationship reflected in the budgetary process. The results show that significant differences were found not only in party behavior but also in resource allocation and budget size before and after the power shift. Political parties certainly did matter in the Korean budgetary process.

This study is conduced an empirical research through AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) for the factors affecting the intentions to share information among officials in the government. The theory model of this study is theory of reasoned action(TRA) and the goal of research model is the intentions to share information, an officials attitudes about it is ownership versus information manager on work of the organizational information. And beliefs of the sub-factors to affecting attitudes are the belief relations of information, individuals, organization, and duty. The empirical results of this study indicate that a weights of the relative importance with respect to the intentions to share information among officials is assessed some higher a manager towards the organizational information than ownership towards information. And the weight of the relative importance with respect to the belief factors to affecting attitudes among officials is assessed because of higher belief towards organization. Therefore, this study suggested that raising the intentions to share information among officials may be high belief towards organization with prosocial organizational behavior.

After evaluating the Personnel Management System of 87 public agencies using six indices, this study suggested some improvements. The degrees of open competitive recruitment, the constitutions and the operations of personnel committees, the NPM-oriented institutions i. e. open appointment system, multi-dimensional appraisal system, and open competitive position system were used for the purpose of investigating fairness and openness of those agencies. The result of the evaluation is that there are meaningful efforts to improve the transparency of the Personnel Management System in terms of internal management and institutional aspects even if there are deviations among agencies and depending on criteria. Although open competitive recruitment system and open appointment system were well operated, the openness and managerial clarity of personnel committees, the practical application of multi-dimensional appraisal, and the degree of enforcement of the open competitive position system had the room for betterments.

Image theory has been used, in numerous studies, as a basis for understanding and describing the decision making activity of managers in both private and public organization. This paper explores the image of S local public corporation in Seoul in Korean context. This study identifies seven categories for predicting images resulting from empirical investigation. Seven categories are organization's climate, hopefulness of organization's future, credibility of organization, capability of board members, technology, price of services and social responsibility to the environment. Marketing and labor relation are not significant at 5% statistical significance level. In order to improve organizational image, it would use soft strategies focusing psychological trait of renters rather than hard one.

The motivations and expectations of the corporation mecenat have shifted from philanthropy to sponsorship in the recent years. Many studies indicate that the most important gain from the mecenat activities is to improve the image of corporation. This study argues that cultural economists have focused on the benefit and motives of corporation mecenat on the supply side. This study , however, points out that culture should be regarded as a capital which is vital for corporate development. Moving this view on culture, this study analyzes the realities and activities of corporate mecenat in Korea. To Facilitate the mecenat activities, this study suggests three alternative options: reforming tax system, introducing business incentive system, and strengthening the function of mecenat association. Finally, this study puts an emphasis on the role of corporate mecenat to reenforce the government failture and to maintain the sustainable corporate development.

This study analyzes and compares grant proposal review system in Korea and U.S. in order to suggest policy implications for the improvement of grant proposal review system in Korea Research Foundation(KRF). The components of proposal review system- organizational structure, review process and evaluation criteria - are surveyed in depth for each country with the cases of Korea Research Foundation(Korea) and National Science Foundation(U.S.). The strengths and weakness of each case are compared in terms of expertise, fairness and efficiency. The research result showed that overall NSF is further advanced in grant proposal review system. It was found that the superiority of NSF system stemmed from the practice of trustiness in academic experts. In conclusion KRF needs to design grant proposal review system in a way that values and trusts academic experts including professors and program managers.