KJC Korea
Journal Central

During the economic growth stage most of governments are interested in the scientific, efficient and productible administrations and policies. We can call this stage of government a rational government. But after the economic national growth it may change into smooth, cultural and value-oriented administrations and policies. we can call this an emotional government. In a rational government stage, social scientists are likely to have a tendency of having these kinds of thoughts; dichotomy between the reason and the emotion, harmful emotion to reason, reason and science better than emotion. At the point of emotional government the reason and the emotion should be harmony with each other. Basically a government should be reasonal because of the people's safe and scientific development. But in order to reach higher situation of a nation it needs emotional and cultural approach. Emotional governments are related with emotional intelligences, clients-oriented administration, cultural and high level-value-oriented managements. Instead of rigid, controled, disciplined situation, more generous, tolerable and smart situation occur.

This paper criticizes on the administrative reform of Roh Government. Roh Government has a main goal of the administrative reform which is "service-oriented government with the people". Presidential Committee on Government Innovation and Decentralization takes the initiative in the administrative reform. This paper criticizes an absence of vision of administrative reform, an arbitrary decision of reorganization of government setups, an excessive institution-building of presidential committees, a multi-layer administrative structure, the almighty innovation, the limitation of personnel reform, corruption & regulation reform, a lack of diffusion of reform program, an insufficiency of participation. This paper recommends consolidations of presidential committees & evaluation systems, substantial setups of local decentralization.

This research studies the organizational types, managers' leadership styles and employees' behaviors and organizational performances in terms of gender differences. For the purpose of this study, the questionnaire survey was conducted with the sample of public employees working in fourteen departments in Korean central government(sample size is 491). The organizations are categorized into two groups: one is male-dominated organization, the other is female-dominated organization. A female-dominated organization is defined as an organization in which the ratio of female managers is above 30% of all managers or the ratio of female managers is above 15% of all managers. And a male-dominated organization is defined as an organization in which the ratio of the female employees is less than 30% of all employees or the ratio of female managers is less than 15% of all managers. The results show that there is no differences between managers in male-dominated organizations and those in female-dominated organizations in term of leadership styles. This means that manager's leadership style largely depends on personal characteristics and is weakly influenced by organizational situation. The results also show that task-oriented, transformational, team building styles of leadership positively influence employees' job satisfactions. And team building style of leadership positively influences organizational performances.

This study investigate the difference between public sector employee and private sector employee in terms of Public Service Motivation(PSM) and its implication to the performance. PSM is defined as "individual's predisposition to respond to motives grounded primarily and uniquely in public institutions and organizations"(Perry & Wise 1990). It is hypothesized that people with high PSM tend to work in public institution and once in the organization, higher PSM affects the performance level positively. This study test these two hypotheses using Korean cases. The analysis confirms the theoretical expectation. The results of the analysis show that there is a statistically significant difference between public sector employee and private sector employee in terms of PSM and that the higher PSM among the public sector employees is positively related to higher performance level. The managerial implication of the study is also discussed.

An institution of the local self-government in Korea started in 1949, at the same time established a law of a self-governing system. But the Lee Administration did not carried out a self-governing system, because it had an important effect on the party in power and the existing balance of power. So, it was delayed to the highest degree and reduced a scope of enforcement of institution if possible. After that it was broken off from a 5.16 military coup in 1961. Then, the self-governing system was revived with a 6.29 democratic movement as a momentum. In this study, I have tried to an explanation of institutional change centered on a historical formation and variation of the public personnel institution of a local self-government. The purpose of this study is to explain the process of institutional change by uncovering the temporal and power dimension of institutionalization. This study analyses the process of institutional change of the standard of a regular staff and the law about local public personnel system in Korea and argues that the power holder has effects on institutional maintenance or change.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the practical status of utilization of evaluation results in the Local Governments with the perspective of evaluation influence. The evaluation influence approaches focus on the evaluation influence process and outcome, so they can provide the systematic insight about how the evaluation results should be used. According to the analysis result, evaluation results were mainly utilized to promote motivational influence processes such as incentives, while they were scarcely utilized to promote cognitive and behavioral influence processes in the Local Governments. As for the reason why the evaluation results are not used well, the annual inconsistency of the evaluation items, the limitation of quantitative methods, the shortage of the conception of evaluation and the absence of feedback systems were suggested. In the future, evaluation results should be utilized to promote both the cognitive influence and behavioral influence.

To measure systematically performances of public service in local governments, this paper develops a analytical framework by modifying the SERVQUAL model. Using data from client surveys, this study finds that Reliability is evaluated higher but responsiveness and Empathy are lower than other dimensions of service quality. This level of perceived service quality is differentiated to its 5 traits of local government -governmental level, population, region, and amounts of expenditure per one person and numbers of public employee per one thousand person. In addition to, it is found that determinants of service quality and its impact to citizen satisfaction is decided to traits of local government. As a result, it imply for public manger to consider the strategy of performance improvement adapting to its traits of local governments.

This thesis is to check the evaluation system of Korean government by the case study of National Defense Department. So it has done meta-evaluation of the evaluation system on N.D.D. and the self-evaluation system of N.D.D. The three dimensions i.e. evaluation manpower, research design and tool, the feedbacks of evaluation have been studied. As for the evaluation system on N.D.D., the evaluation manpower was weak. The research design and tool was excellent because of long experiance. Although the linkage between evaluating and budgeting was weak, the feedbacks of evaluation were well-done. Second, the self-evaluation system of N.D.D. was set in 2001 and looks poor. But the system has made great progress. The evaluation manpower was too weak, so need to be strengthened and specialized. The research design and tool was poor right now, but has been experimented and developed rapidly. The feedbacks of evaluation have been made good except the linkage with budgeting.

According to David Korten, it is the era of 'People-Centered Development' which overthrows 'Growth-Centered Development'. Korten says the age of NGOs is in the 'Fourth Generation' now. The era or the age of NGOs means anti-globalization trends which follows globalization trends composed of growth-centered development and previous generations of NGOs. This paper examines the stage of NGOs in Korea from Korten's viewpoint. After periodization of generations of NGOs with Korten's theory, the generation in which NGOs of Korea is will be discussed. I'll overview globalization trends and anti-globalization trends from Korten's viewpoint; argue anti-globalization and alternative globalization trends by Korean NGOs.

This paper aims to understand the characteristics of the current disputes between the right political group and the ruling political party. Last year some people who had performed the left student movement in the 1980s openly proclaimed their ideological change from the left position to the right and formed the civic group called "new right". The new right group named the ruling political party and the Roh Muhyun government as "for the north, against the U.S." group and Roh Muhyun version of the proletariat dictatorship. And then they said they would orient the "small government - large market" to guard the freedom. It raised the so-called ideological dispute between the left and the right group. This paper shapes the new ideological map of the right, left, and the middle to analyze the ideological disputes. The right orient the marketism and hierarchy (growth-oriented), the left orient the statism and equality(redistribution-oriented), the middle orient the marketism and equality. The major findings are that the ruling party and the current government are located in the middle in terms of the ideological map. The "new right" group's criticism against the government is only political strategy to gain their own political support. This type of political dispute is useless in the point of political development and national interest.

The objective of this study is to analyze the water resource policy in Korea with the concept of 'rationality'. Many studies have investigated water resource policy a variety of aspects on policy failure, conflict management, privatization, economic analysis, governance, water right, demand management etc. However, few studies have analyzed the history of water resource policy in Korea. I asserted that there was a crack between ’present rationality‘ and ’prospective rationality‘ in dam policy in Korea. Concretely, excessive formation of developmental coalition and removal of residents who live immerse area in dam policy were presented in irrationality outcome in modernization process. The implication from the analysis is as follows: we recognized the evil of simple modernization and transferred the virtue of reflexive modernization or ecological modernization.

A revised supplemental budget is a complementary exception in the budgeting system, which makes it possible for a government to spend extra budget when it faces with unexpected administrative needs. In the case of the local governments of the Kyungnam Province, however, the size of the supplemental budget has reached one-fifth of the total budget, which indicates that the supplemental budget should be considered as more than just a rule of exception. This paper analyzes problems of budgeting system of the local government, focusing on the net surplus budget, a main revenue source of the supplemental budget. Politics of bureaucracy frequently causes intentionally inflated net surplus budget of the local governments. Inflated net surplus budget then, because it is the main source of the supplemental budget of the local governments, causes excessive amount of the supplemental budget, which eventually breaks the basic rules of budgeting and raises the question of the reliability and transparency of the local budget in general. So, the reasonable estimation of the net surplus budget is the first step of the budget reform of the local governments.

The main purposes of this study are to examine first, whether city-county consolidation has had the effects of balanced growth between urban and rural areas in consolidated region, second, how different is the degree of balanced intra-regional growth effects among consolidated cities, and finally which characteristics of consolidated cities are mainly related with the balanced intra-regional growth in Korea. To achieve the first purpose, this study analyzes the intra-regional population change between before and after consolidation, and analyzes the growth potentials of consolidated cities. To achieve the second purpose, this study classifies consolidated cities in terms of the balanced intra-regional growth effects using cluster analysis. And to achieve the third purpose, this study identifies the factors related with the balanced intra-regional growth effects utilizing discriminant analysis. The findings from the analyses imply that city-county consolidation in Korea not only has the growth effects for the overall consolidated areas, but also has the effects of even development between urban and rural areas in consolidated areas. Furthermore, city-county consolidation seems to decrease the regional disparities across the nation. However the result that the balanced intra-regional growth effects are not generated consistently in every consolidated city implies that it is necessary to be cautious in selecting areas for future consolidation.

The theme of local decentralization has been a major national agenda at Participatory Government. Many policy initiatives were propelled during the past two years for fiscal decentralization. There was a lively discussion on the validity of local consumption tax and dramatically changes in the basic framework of local fiscal transfer system. However, the rationality of those initiatives is still controversial. In this paper, I analyzed the issues of fiscal decentralization initiatives in the Participatory Government in view of inter-governmental fiscal partnership, mainly on local revenue sides.

This study is to identify influential factors on membership and participation in community (neighborhood) organizations, and assess their effect on residents' collective efficacy. As influential factors, this study focuses on six general categories such as socio-demography, individual residential characteristic, neighborhood attachment, neighborhood disorder, organizational climate, and decentralization. The logistic regression and hierarchical linear models were applied to 617 questionnaire data collected from 8 neighborhoods in Cheongwon-Gun, Chungcheongbuk-Do. The result shows that in terms of membership, sex, age, educational level, marital status, home ownership, number of moving, and social attachment appear to be consistently statistically significant. On the other hand, age, educational level, marital status, length of stay, number of moving, routine attachment, leadership, and members' cohesion have statistically significant influence on neighborhood organization participation. The degree of participation appears to have statistically significant effect on collective efficacy. The conclusion provides some research implications and future research directions.

Intervention of regional press in conflicts between local governments is natural and its function is important to deal with various problems and form desirable public opinion. So, a focus is given on influence of the press on conflicts between local governments. Therefore, this study is to analyse the influences of community press. For the purpose, this study investigates public opinions and attitudes targeting what is reported by community press, public officers and regional press people in order to find developmental directions of regional press that resolve conflicts between regional governments and help development of their self-governance.

Early studies on environmental corruption were poor; if any, most have focused on the internal structure of policy decision-making while ignoring policy environmental factors. This study explores theoretically the factors of policy environment as well as the internal structure of policy decision-making to identify determinants of environmental corruption through the modified Michael W. Collier's institutional-choice model. This study result implies that the level of environmental corruption is influenced by policy environment of the nation as well as internal structure of decision-making on regulation policy and institution.

After Local Autonomy System is implemented nation-widely, the need of environmental cooperation among Local Governments has been increased more and more. The purpose of this study is to explain and analyze systematically the success case of environmental cooperation. This study is based on two basic problematic matters. First, what is the directional force that shapes and promotes environmental cooperation among Local governments? Second, what is the probable process that makes cooperation possible? In this study, Process Model of Cooperation Among Public Agencies is used to analyze the case. Using this model to analyze the environmental cooperation concerning wide area disposal of wastes equipment construction case, this study result in following findings. The directional force that propels environmental cooperation among Local Governments is New Demands on Agency Performance. And the process of environmental cooperation among Local Governments is as follows, the first step is to share perceived problem among agencies, the second step is to use available resources in addressing problems through cooperation, and the third step is to apply institutional capacity to the cooperative program.

Since many organizations have experienced a considerable increase of women workers recently, the family-friendly programs have become important issues in public organization as well as private companies. The family-friendly programs are mainly implemented to improve and balance the relationships between work and family. Recently both public and private organizations have adopted several family-friendly programs such as flextime, part-time employment, child care, maternity leave, and family leave. With regard to balancing work and family issues, there have been some efforts to promote family-friendly programs in Korean government and private sector organizations. Although family-friendly programs are adopted in both public and private organizations, the public sectors may face different issues and effects as compared to the private sectors. This study comparatively analyzes the perceptions of public sector employees of the public schools and private enterprise employees of the insurance company about the implementation and the effect of family-friendly programs. The results showed that both groups positively perceive the benefits associated with the family-friendly programs. They indicated some important benefits such as increased employee morale, more parental involvement in children's lives, work-life balance, and increased parental participation in education. And they seemed to perceive relatively few negative outcomes as a result of implementing family-friendly programs. The study also revealed that the employees of the insurance company indicate better perceived benefits and less negative outcomes of the family-friendly programs than public school teachers.

The main purpose of this thesis is to bring out the problems of productive welfare policy and present the developmental alternatives to analyzing the change of welfare policy. To achieve this goal I will set up the standard of analysis on the province of wage policy, unemployment policy, a social safety net, etc, and analyze the productive welfare policy to the standards. As the result of these analyses I have learned the problems of the lack of preparation for driving the welfare policy, including the following examples: the lack of social agreement with the positive welfare policy system, the exclusion from a social safety network of the semi destitute, the imperfection of improvement in the structure of distribution, etc. And the government is to develop the strengthening institution that secures the basis life of its nations, securing confidence of nations in social insurance, the expansion of a social safety net, etc. Especially, The new welfare policy requires the universal reformation of the welfare system, participation and cooperation of the tripartite parties, the equivalence and companionship of the tripartite parties, and the principle of self regulation.

This paper aims to figure out conflicts and to conceptualize interactions between local governments and USFK at the local level. The issues of the USFK have been discussed from the views of national and regional security. The issues need to be approached from the standpoints of the local communities, who happened to host the U.S. Forces in their regions. This paper suggests that current interaction patterns between local governments and the USFK should be changed for the new era of the alliance management. Local governments are asked to be more active to build interdependent relationship with the USFK bases. They can become more dependent upon each other through the exchange of public and social services such as sewage services, gas and electric services and emergency services collectively. Information exchange about military exercises and various local activities will be helpful in building new bilateral relationship. Cultual and volunteer activities programs and sisterhood relationship at the local levels can make it possible to understand each other much better. In order to build the cooperative relationship, above all, the USFK authorities are asked to open and institutionalize a new consultation channel to local governments.

This research is an attempt to establish a new paradigm of educational administration in accordance with the environmental change of local educational administration. In order to explain and analyse Korean educational decentralization, the research used the convenable model for an educational decentralization(analytical framework) concerning the variables that can explain educational autonomy system. The research tried to find the basic principes(conditions) of educational decentralization and general decentralization including educational autonomy, and how these principes can be applied to educational administration. A further purpose is to describe the current and emerging factors of educational administration system as consequences of the policy decentralization in "Participatory Government". The research finds the following facts: 1) a guarantee of the articulation between the education ministry(central government) and board of education(local government), 2) the reinforcement of coordination between local governments for educational decentralization, 3) a collaboration including separation model in general administration and education administration, 4) an autonomy education leaded a unit school, 5) an educational autonomy administration for an expert(teacher), 6) establish a reasonable relation between board of education in local government, 7) the central control and functional redistribution, 8) the citizen participation, popular control.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the contents of Authorized Journals in the Field of Public Administration and to examine the junior scholar development program intensively of Korea Research Foundation(KRF). So, we should investigate the specific current program plans in institution in which they might have an interest. The discussion here would consider the general characteristics of current development in this field, and move to the specific issues of problems faced upon the operation of the program. The methods for the study are literature research and the related Internet Surveys. To do that, we examine following issues and the results are as follows: First, the junior scholar development program in our community is in a state of development, review, and modification. Secondly, the problems which are related to procedures of application and selection were analysed and the improvement plan to solve and improve them was offered. Thirdly, the suggestions for the increasing of efficiency of the academic research support system of the KRF were offered. Finally, the consistency of research policy frame should be guaranteed.