KJC Korea
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In normative approach, this study explores the strategic role of local government to construct democratic local governance in historical contexts in which local government restructuring is forced by globalization. We need to construct local governance that encourage multi centered governmental authorities in local levels. Democratic local governance can contribute to accumulate social capital. Local Government should play the strategic role of constructing democratic local governance which responds appropriately the pressure of globalization. The roles are following; the first, institutionalization of direct democracy in local governing: the second, institutionalization and practices of deliberative democracy in local politics: the third, improvement of policy culture quality: political leadership of local political elites in constructing policy networks and coordinating policy networks.

Considering the negative influence of public officials' strikes upon public welfare, most of states, in general, are legally postponing their right for collective action and instead developing such diverse measures to resolve labor disputes as conciliation, mediation, and arbitration. Despite of these efforts, labor disputes occurrence to some degree seems inevitable under presently dominant adversarial model of collective bargaining. Therefore, many industrialized states have attempted to invent a new cooperative model which may replace traditional model. In case of Korea, taking into account the dominant adversarial and distributive mood of labor-management relations, it is highly probable for collective bargaining in government that will be newly introduced in early 2006 to increase social conflicts and disputes. This article introduces win-win models for collective bargaining and labor-management committee which were developed by U. S. Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service(FMCS) and discussed ways to successfully institutionalize these models in Korean environment.

This study examined with path model the effects of job stress on job satisfaction and organizational commitment focused on policeman of police operation center in police organization. A variable and hypothesis in model of this study analyzed by AMOS 5.0 statistical packages, one have a result what a conceptual model could estimate fit model that reflect well a reality. And results of this study suggest that it would make simplification and obviousness in working. A meaningful implication of this study also suggests that could supply job manual in police operation center.

In Korean government, various evaluation systems are being managed by many departments and agencies causing a lot of problems. Therefore, it is demanded to establish the Integrated Public Service Evaluation System(IPSES) that organically connects and integrates many evaluation systems operated disjointedly and increases synergy effects by linking to the other government management innovations. The basic directions for establishing IPSES include the guarantee of autonomy, the assurance of accountability, the enhancement of transparency, and the maximization of performance and strengthening of competitiveness. The basic principles of IPSES are the decentralization of control by the central government, the strengthening of evaluation capacity, the disclosure of the results of self evaluation, and the principle of rewards on performance. In order to realize the IPSES in practice, "The Basic Government Evaluation Act" needs to be enacted that integrates and coordinates many government evaluation systems that are disjointed, the existing control-oriented evaluation methods should be changed to self-evaluation method, and the integrated performance management system based on performance management plan and review mechanism needs to be established. In addition, it is necessary to reinvent the overall government evaluation infrastructure including the government evaluation committee that is mandated to plan and coordinate government-wide evaluation, the general evaluation council that confirms and reviews the results of self-evaluation, and the self-evaluation committees that directly evaluate policies and programs in each department.

This paper proves whether or not the budget decision behavior in the point of view of the public choice is applied to the budget decision of Korea. The existence of the behavior of the public choice is investigated by the recognition of the budget bureaucrats in the central ministries and the public budget office. In order to do research, this paper develops nine indicators. This paper investigated the recognition of the budget bureaucrats by performing the gallop poll using the nine indicators. The results of the gallop poll show the average 3.2, given the range of five response ranks from 1 to 5. The meaning of the average 3.2 presents that the budget bureaucrats of Korea recognize there is the middle degree of the budget decision behavior of the public choice in the budget decision making in Korea.

Since 1997, our government has promoted the reform in public area. Especially outsourcing policy was sentenced to public functions, except core competence functions in public aspects. At that time with information system areas, system development has widely been outsourced, but with system management, many public agencies adapted internal delivery method. But from then, outsourcing guidelines have been applied to information system management. Due to that top-down approach of outsourcing policy, many agencies that adapted system management outsourcing method, were confused for contract type, objectives of outsourcing, manual of outsourcing management and so on. The purpose of this study is to examine the system management outsourcing status of two agencies-The Korean Intellectual Property Office and Korea Customs Service, especially with objectives of outsourcing, contract type and management style with outsourcing. And this three aspects impact the security of public DB, dependence to service provider and finance of outsourcing. So in final section, this paper analyzed this three aspects of outsourcing connecting with objectives, contract type and management type.

As the potential of ubiquitous technology becomes a near reality, researchers start to study how to utilize it in government, so-called uT-Government, as well as in business and everyday life. So far researches on uT-Government dealt with mainly macro issues such as how to conceptualize uT-Government and build it or how to apply uT to government functional areas. This study aims to complement them by extending the level of analysis to the project level. This study analyzes the government informatization projects in 2005, and assesses the applicability of uT -RFID, Sensor, and BcN - to those projects. The projects that can effectively utilize the RFID are those to manage primary industry products, foods and drugs, books, online products, postal matters, and various logistics, For Sensor, the areas of transportation, environment, and disaster management are promising. BcN can be usefully applied to the projects that deliver various services to the businesses and citizens such services as employment, education, patent, tax, procurement, post, agriculture. Since the government continues to invest large sums of money to e-Government, it is important to judge the applicability of uT to various informatization projects and prepare to apply uT to them for the successful implementation of uT-Government.

The advanced countries in information technology(IT) and computerization seek strategic achievement of objectives and operational effectiveness through the performance evaluation of IT investments in public sector. This research suggests the balanced scorecard(BSC) approach to evaluate performance of Korean informatization projects in public sectors which are represented by e-government. We develop a public-BSC(pBSC) based on various BSCs which are used in private sectors as well as in public sectors of other countries including the United States. The suggested pBSC is the model which can measure the effectiveness of the informatization projects in industries as well as in individual areas. It can be used not only as a self-evaluation framework by the government but also a performance evaluation by the third parties. The future research should place the focus on the application in individual projects to confirm the usefulness and validity of the model.

The purpose of this paper is to consider privacy concerns regarding South Korea’s Electronic ID card project. In 1996 the South Korean government proposed the world's first computerized personal information system project called "Electronic Identification Card Project", but the government has withdrawn the electronic ID card project in 1999 in the wake of heavy protest. The issue of introducing electronic ID card have double side where one, it is beneficial that it provides administrative efficiency, while on the other, it has the danger of infringing upon private lives. It seems now, as the project to introduce electronic ID card has been rejected, that it has been a costly and time-consuming effort. However, it has shown us enough lessons of its own. First, it made us realize the necessity to be more aware of privacy issue in this Information Age. Second, it showed the government policy and projects must be implemented with more detailed study on public consensus and policy preparation. Even though the electronic ID card project has been abolished, there are many issues regarding privacy matter that was raised which deserves much attention from both the government and the public sector. As shown through the electronic ID card project, the privacy issue will continue to be an important agenda in the Information Age. The government must immediately bring necessary revision to the Personal Information Protection Act to ensure the citizen that the government is ready face the Information Age that respects the quality of life and dignity of the public. Along with such effort by the government, the public must have continuing interest in the privacy protection. Public must not wait until a law or a legislation is passed in the Parliament to begin criticizing and bring it into an end. Rather, the public must show interest from the early stage of planning to bring effective policy.

The aim of this paper is to compare the processes of local government tier-system change in the UK, Canada and New Zealand, to identify what actually contributed to successful implementation of the policy, and to put forward some policy implications for Korea to be able to effectively introduce unitary authority system into Korean public sector. In doing so, it primarily focuses on the creation of the unitary local authorities which took place in three countries It was found that there was considerable opposition initially to the establishment of unitary local authorities by local politicians and the citizenry at large. Despite the opposition, the unitary local authorities were created in three countries, and they seem to be now in process of expanding such system into other areas in their countries. The paper demonstrates that the Government's strong intention to institutionalise the unitary authority system, objective assessment of the costs and benefits associated with its introduction and the proactive roles of local media were essential in putting the system in place.

This study focuses on analyzing the impacts of the power structure of Korean local governments on the spending patterns of local public expenditures by using panel data of 195 local governments from 1996 through 2001. In this study, the construct "power structure" was conceptually defined as the structure of policy role between the local government chief and the council, and then it was operationalized into dummy variable "Domin"(chief-dominant pattern=1, chief-nondominant pattern=0) through the scale composed of the suggestion of ordinances and the oversights such as audit, inspection and interpellation. Some other variables(the third variables) except power structure variable that are expected to affect Korean local expenditures were included in the model as independent variables, and the expenditures related to growth policy, welfare policy, and development policy were operationalized into dependent variables on the basis of the literature review, the theories that explain the changes of local public expenditures, and the annual expenditure items. The empirical results indicated that chief-dominant-type governments had more expenses related to growth policy than chief-nondominant-type governments. The increase of growth expenditures may possible because local government chiefs very sensitive to any structural vulnerability of our local finance took interest in growth policy to revitalize local economy, to secure financial resources useful to carrying out commitment projects, and to increase in tax revenues through the aftereffects of the extension of corporate earnings.

The Roh government established act of referendum in 2004 for active local participation. This is of great significance since the law has been put in force as Jeju referendum in July 27 for the first time. The vote was to transform the self-government of two tiers into a single tire. Despite the fierce conflict among local governing bodies, residents, and different regions, the vote was completed safely and tier-reducing bill was successfully passed. While the vote as the first national referendum was meaningful, there were some problems at the same time ; Expecially management and attitude toward results of vote as following. First, although the vote was concerning local issues, it was managed by the Central Election Management Committee which is a national organization. Because of national organization, the process and rules are very rigid, and then unadaptable to this local referendum process and management. Second, The results were hardly accepted while the vote named referendum was actually focused on self-governing bodies, not on 'the residents themselves. Jeju do provincial government which initiated the referendum and four basic local government which could be abolished when the agenda of this referendum passed encouraged each supported groups to vote for themselves. I think that we have the good opportunity to amend the vote rules, process as well as behavior of residents and the executives of local governments for locality.

This article attempts to comprehend the reality of local governance and residents' political participation, and to test empirically whether local governance influences on residents' political participation. The dimensions of local governance are size(citizen level), democracy, accountability, rationality and the patterns of political participation are community activity, contact of public official, and protest. The followings are the result of empirical test. Firstly, the level of local governance and residents' political participation were low. Secondly, correlations between dimensions of local governance were statistically significant and correlations between patterns of political participation were also statistically significant. Fourthly, the size was correlated with community activity. Fifthly, each of democracy, accountability and rationality was correlated with contact of public official. Finally, we need to enhance local governance in order to increase political participation.

The Purpose of this study is redesign for efficient fire service arrangement and operation. We attempted re-set of fire service arrangement standard through regression analysis. Fire fighting service demands is related with environment variables because fire service is relation to fire service standard. Reflecting in fire service arrangement this since standard to exclude error of each variable or residual effect and considered way to improve. To arrange fire fighting branch office considering area with population with present as primary. Secondary, We need basis that can operate fire service standards by elasticity more consider etc.

After the Rio conference in 1992, one of the methods to harmonize the development and protection of the environment after solving the environmental problems of the city is the ecocity which was come up under the condition of the ESSD. The planning theory and execution of such ecocities have been developed from an organic holistic approach perspective as a basis as well as the preservation of the local culture and residential environment mainly on the part of the local residents in England, Germany, and Japan. In the case of Seogwipo City, Jeju Island, at present, it is trying to apply the SCP which is jointly run by the UN-HABITAT and UNEP. At the same time, it is trying to carry out many projects such as trying to secure the national budget for the UNDP which is the project to establish the network for an eco city. It has also hosted the 2004 ecocity international forum, participated in the SCP Conference in Cuba in 2005, and hosted the SCP Conference in 2007 in Seogwipo City. Furthermore, it is trying to send personnel overseas for further ecocity trainings. Within these domestic and foreign efforts to develop a global standard ecocity model, efforts have been made to analyze 5 different scenarios of the World Heritage designated city of Yakushima, Kagoshima prefecture which has developed an ecocity model called Zero Emission Project.

This paper will discuss about urban development strategies with a comparative perspective. Western countries mostly United States and Untied Kingdom are to be compared with some Asian countries, especially South Korea. It will first examine the determinants of urban development strategy: the co-evolution of economic development, modes of governance and planning, and major concerns of regeneration issues in Western countries. Then a tentative model summarizing different actors' roles in the history of urban renewal in the Western context will be discussed. The model will be applied to examine the Asian contexts, and to gauge where does South Korea stand with reference to the Western and Asian countries in terms of urban regeneration practice. The Korean case will be drawn from Seoul renewal policies, which represent Korea's urban regeneration in general.