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This paper analyses the relation between minister and senior civil servants in Korea, using a case study on the policy of Government Research Institute(GRI case) in the Ministry of Science and Technology of Kim Dae Jung's government. Based on the two assumptions that Parliamentary and Presidential systems have a different understanding on the relation between politics and administration, and also that the Korean system shows a mixed feature of the two systems, this study analyses the GRI case from the viewpoint of ministerial responsibility and bureaucratic autonomy, which are useful notions in comparing the two systems. The GRI case shows a dramatic, reverse change of policy in just one term of a government and a great part of the policy change can be explained by the change of ministers, implying minister's dominance on the civil servants. Regarding theoretical implications, two points are discussed: firstly, the need to assure ministerial responsibility in policy making and secondly, the importance of bureaucratic autonomy to defend rational decision making. The minister's task is to control bureaucratic resistance to reform measures in order to manage administration more efficiently. The civil servants need to develop policy network to win external advocates in terms of expertness and rationality.

This article aims to analyse empirically the criteria of administrative reorganization focusing on the reorganization of National Institute of Toxicological Research(NITR) in the perspective of the competing values approach. For the NITR' role, even though the increase of the hazardous materials in drugs and foods, it still remains the gap between administrative capacities. The increasing demands on the NITR are as follows. Besides toxicological research and assessment on the safety and efficacy of foods and drugs, the NITR needs to devote much effort on the biotechnology research on the safety of genetically-modified food, gene therapy, and on the development of transgenic animals, in step with the world's research and development in biotechnology. The NITR also has to contribute to the public health by assuring the safety of foods and drugs through the establishment of the nationally suitable toxicological management on the hazardous materials in foods and drugs. In conclusion, this article presents the priority of the administrative reorganization criteria. First, it analyzes the administrative environments of the NITR, and reviews organizational goals and strategies of it. Second, it reviews polity governance of the NITR. Third, it reviews organizational governance of the NITR and the related government agencies. Fourth, it looks at the benchmarking cases through comparative study. Fifth, it analyze questionnaires about the diagnoses and the development plans of the NITR from Toxicology-Professionals. Sixth, based on these analyses, it suggests the functional and organizational development plans of the NITR for the future.

In this study, the reception of administrative innovation policy and programs from local government officials is reconstructed based on qualitative analysis of grounded theory. From 131 responds on the open ended question on innovation policy, key concepts are collected and categorized into 15 attributes and 10 categories following paradigms of grounded theory. As a result, the common phenomena among the low ranking officials are found to be either insensitivity with innovation drive and/or frustration over inflexible hierarchical system. Consequently, one possible strategy for innovation in local government can be more flexibility to administrative process and hierarchical office culture, and provision of motivational factors.

In these days BSC(Balanced Scorecard) Kaplan & Norton developed in 1992 is acquiring high reputation as one of the useful instruments for establishing performance based government reform in Korea. On the contrary, there is few academic discussions and researches about application for public organization and its riskiness. As an essay, we are trying to review traditional BSC methods critically and to discover new BSC application methods, including modifications of traditional BSC approaches, which are appropriate for Korean government departments such as MOGAHA(Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs), MOFE(Ministry of Finance and Economy). Overall, we propose that public organizations use flexibly and practically BSC approaches and their performance indicators according to characteristics of affairs and organizational independence. In addition, to solve the problems of impossibility of relative comparison among ministries or departments we recommend meta revaluation on self-evaluation of each individual department.

This paper analyzed the transfer of the supervising authority for the government-funded Consumer Protection Board(CPB) with an application of Moe's theory i.e. rational choice of bureaucracy structure. According to the theory, the structure of government bureaucracy is a product of political compromise among civic groups, lawmakers, the President, and related bureaucrats. As the paper analyzed the CPB, it added a government-funded entity to the participants. As of the end of 2005, the supervisor of the CPB is going to change from the Ministry of Finance and Economy(MoFE) to the Fair Trade Commission(FTC) under the change of macro-trend from the developmental state to the developmental regulatory state. The transfer of supervising authority from the MoFE to the FTC resulted from political compromises among civic groups, lawmakers, the Blue House, the bureaucrats of both the MoFE and FTC, and the CPB. This paper examined the whole processes of political compromises. It analyzed, first, the primary position of the actors and then the reasons why they changed their positions in the later stages of political compromises. The change of macro-trend in the roles of the state, the eight-year old issue-raising of the FTC and consequently emerging sympathy among relevant actors, the intervention of the Blue House, and the logical and open attitudes of the participants to the issue can be pinned down as main reasons for the policy-making.

In order to attain the national goal of regionally balanced development, a method for enhancing the innovative capacity of the local government, which will be the subject of decentralization, as well as decentralization itself as a legal, systemic device should be studied and theorized. With this perspective, this study performed a preliminary analysis on the composition and assessment of an index to prepare a system that can assess the innovative capacity of a local government. The index was composed of personal factors, physical factors in terms of system, procedure and finance and external environmental factors in terms of politics, economy, society and culture. The validity and the results of the index were reviewed by manipulating and assessing the items and variables in each area. Based on the results, I suggest perspectives on de

It is important issue to social welfare financial policies by local governments while aging society is accelerating in Korean society. Because it is more in demand to relief case needed support by government under economic crisis along with preparation on aging society which will be come in next ten years. In also, An increased of national demand for the improvement of life quality has been asking for active countermeasure against the social welfare policies of local government. Therefore, this study examined focusing on the standard of self supporting finances, the organization of revenue and expenditure, the level of social security and economic development costs, and the expenditure of social welfare fiscal by local government. In result, the social welfare fiscal by Kyeonggi-do is showing lack of the standard of social welfare expenditures comparing with general account, and has the highest level of self supporting fiscal among nine megalopolises. Although it pays a lot of welfare spending next to seoul, the level of welfare spending for per needing relief case is very low. Particularly, considering that welfare fiscal of local government depend mostly upon the central government on the organization of revenue, financial policies by Kyeonggi-do is analyzed to focus much more on economic development than social welfare fiscal.

In the era of localization, education and training is the most important means for cultivating local government personnel who can positively meet the changing situation with new knowledge and value system. In this context, this study analyzes training needs and the implication for manpower development in the local government level. As a result of analysis, there are some significant difference by government level, job classification, and classes. The results of analysis suggest, based on training needs analysis, strategic consideration for education contents and method by job classification and classes, appropriate and flexible countermeasure for developing expert knowledge and technology.

This study is to analyze the introduction of Local Police System to increase efficiency of the police system through the improvement of centralized police system in Korea, and to be democratic police as servants or the police serving for citizen and community. In study, investigate having the controversies and ideas on introduction of the Local Police System from the viewpoint of before or after the Participatory Government. The reasons for introduction of Local Police System in the police as an alternative measure of the Korean police system are as follows: First, it is in need that the police should change the way of thinking into being customer-centered and citizen participation should be increased. Second, it is in need that the protection of private information and security should be strengthened. Third, it is in need that Local Police System should be activated by keeping harmonious relationship between the police and local police system. Fourth, it is in need that efficiency of the police's affairs should be increased. In the end, the Local Police System decided to introduction in 2004 through the Participatory Government. Therefore, In case of enforcing Local Police System in what is call "the Participatory Government" through survey method try to find introduction orientation what kinds of plan are durable Local Police System for local residents.

The article concerns the public policy for promoting the cultural archetype digital contents, which were developed by the Korean Culture and Content Agency(KOCCA) since 2002, in terms of the cultural content business. The focus of the article is on the improvement of the policy relevance to the cultural content business, especially animation industries. For this reason, the article analyzes the value and characteristics of the cultural archetype digital contents as a subject matter of the cultural content in the field of the animation industries. As a result, it is not certain that the cultural archetype digital contents would be used as a subject matter of the animation industries. This uncertainty is associated with the fragmented interaction system among actors from the cultural content industries, the cultural archetype-related organizations and the public organizations. In addition, the classification system of the cultural archetype digital contents has not been established in terms of the cultural industries. Since the initial stage, the policy programs has sought to expand the development of the individual projects rather than the combination of the individual projects. The article concludes that the integrated policy strategies for the promotion of the cultural archetype digital contents should be established in a systematic way in the future.

Since the late 1990s, the digital divide has received increasing attention from government. Real disparities exist in access to and use of ICT between countries and between groups within countries. The G8 countries have taken an interest and created the Digital Opportunity Task(DOT) Force to study the digital divide and recommend an action plan. Korean government also thinks that the gap between those who have access to ICT and those who do not have must not widen, and provides various supports for bridging the digital divide. In this study, we do begin by reviewing some of the basic facts about Internet access and use in Korea. We look at the digital divide that is usually measured in terms of the number of Internet users, and examine it between groups of people that is usually measured in terms of gender, age, location and income. More importantly, we consider government support bridging the digital divide, and examine how equitably Korean government is providing Internet access to narrow the digital divide.