KJC Korea
Journal Central

This paper aims to examine the validity of government reform programs introduced to Korean central government over last two decades. These reforms can be identified as New Public Management which is an imported from western countries by many Korean scholars and practionners who tend to beautify western theories. Reforms based on marketization, distinction, and incentive system which are the fundamental principles of NPM resulted in serious negative effects on the Korean bureaucracy. This kind of reforms made mistakes in understanding correctly the true problems of the bureaucracy which led wrong prescription. This paper proposes the new direction of reforms by elaborating Korean model of bureaucracy(K model) to cure these errors and dysfunction of the bureaucracy

The purpose of this article is to compare the characteristics of New Public Management(NPM) reform and post-NPM, and explore strategies for post-NPM reform in Korea. In the past 20 years or so, the NPM reforms have enhanced efficiency and changed the way the public sector operates in many countries. But some argue that NPM has produced unintended and negative consequences, and they propose some ideas of post-NPM. The basic aim of post-NPM is to correct the dysfunctional aspects of NPM, strengthen governing capacity, and improve control and coordination within political-administrative systems. In the 1990s, Korean government has adopted New Public Management reform. However, there were limitations to the adoption of NPM, and some administrative culture of Korea was incompatible with elements of NPM. NPM reform in Korea has had little positive impact on the improvement of performance. So Korean government should map out strategy that has culturally filtered, and modified the NPM principles in the future.

The misters in the government play a very important role in decision making for national level. They advise the President on matters of importance, and they control things like the military, the treasury, the secret service, ets. Although many people give a great attention for cabinet reshuffling and who is appointed as a minister in government, ministers have received little attention in the literature on parliamentary governance. In this paper we study the reason of changing ministers throughout the Korean governments from the 3rd Republic Government(the Park's Government) to Rho, Moo-Hyun Government). We find out some characteristics concerning about changing of ministers in government. The first is that the average incumbent periods of minister is relatively too short to achieve their visions and policy ideas. The second finding is that the most common reason for shuffling is to censure their misconduct. The third finding is that the reasons of reshuffling ministers is different among governments. This study could explain in certain parts the characteristics of shuffling minister in Korean government and give some data and insight for follow-up research about ministers.

This research started to check the effectiveness of the lifelong learning city construction policy that is promoted to stand for developing learning society which is corresponding to knowledge driven society. The logic of the lifelong learning society construction policy searches for the changes of the local community through teaching local residents. This research was built depending on the statistic data about the quality of 76 lifelong learning cities authorized by Ministry of Education and Science Technology. And from the each data we verified the time series changes statistically. As a result, we ascertained that the lifelong learning society construction policy is giving positive effects to social cohesion, social inclusion, and social empowerment of the local community. On the other hand, we could not verify the relationship with the social economic security. The results of the research show that the lifelong learning society construction policy is helping the local residents not to walk away from the local community and also, give them more opportunities to express themselves culturally and politically. The increasing number of local autonomous entities desiring to participate in the lifelong learning society construction policy shows that the construction policy has the possibility to extend more in pubic territory of Korean society. Therefore our government should change the lifelong learning city construction policy to regular project instead of voluntary project which is run by extra grant. And also the government should be prepared to the spread of the lifelong learning cities through standardizing and cumulative managing the relative data.

Based upon recognizing that recent discussions related with reform of local governments tend to focus on structural approach excessively, this research aims at suggesting operational alternatives for improving local administration by analyzing English 'Weston-super-Mare parish' that is among large parishes, compared to Korean 'Eup-Myun-Dong'According to results of this research, residents' participation is vitalized through various devices in a large parish, even though it is operating under a representative system. And based on voluntary work, it mostly performs functions related with residents' convenience in cooperation with local governments and private sector. The results implies that ‘parish' system can perform an important role as an effective alternative that is able to improve residents' accessibility and efficiency of public administration. Therefore it is necessary to revise functions between local governments and 'Eup-Myun-Dong'. Additionally it is also necessary to establish cooperation system between related institutions in providing services for residents' convenience, with developing alternatives that provide financial support to 'Eup-Myun-Dong'.

The purpose of this study is to explain the characteristics of local partnership including community-based organizations in Korea. This study regards joint cooperation between public sector and local community in order to revitalize community conditions as local partnership. Abandoned mine area is selected as a case of local partnership. As a result of analysis of the case study, theoretical suggestions are as follows. First, occurrence motivation of partnership can determine initial conditions of relationship, that affect overall characteristics of partner relation. Second, political resources of community-based organizations such as support and compliance are important. Third, partner’s organizational vulnerabilities contribute to obstruct mutual and constructive partnership. Fourth, distrust and conflict can appear by way of differences of role perception or level of expectation between partners. Fifth, organizational characteristics of partner affect trust in partnership and insufficient trust contribute to obstacle on the positive and mutual learning. Sixth, fundamental change of partnership such as reformulation of partnership goals does not exist. Seventh, leadership of chief of statutory organization can determine the attributes of partner relation.

The purpose of this study is to analyze organizational fitness in local government type which design department with main policy (function). To achieve this purpose, we examined from viewpoint of Business Reference Model(BRM). As analysis result, there are miss matched cases of function and charge formation's variance in most local government. It is likely local government which organizational structure designed as inefficient previews that exist. Function and formation were founded as a part that associate in city field (city administrative structure), economy development field (economy industrial organization) in high classification level. Function and charge formation's link is founded as a part that is consisting in strategy plan area (plan control formation), city administration area (urban house formation), local economy area (economy activation formation), environment field (environment administrative structure) in middle level. As we presented policy suggestion that local government's formation design need to focus in usefulness of Function Focused Organization to have adaptedness on the result of study.

Volunteering activity is a newly emerging concept to be a non-physical resource of governmental activity. There have been lots of arguments related to the pros and cons on direct and aggressive government intervention with social problems. As a mediate choice between the two extreme debates, citizen volunteering activities have produced noticeable achievements dealing with complicated social problems. The Service American Act under the leadership of Obama administration is an ambitious challenge towards the blue ocean of the new resource. This study presents a model of determinants affecting effectiveness of volunteering activity based on literatures and cases. Underlying the model, a set of preliminary pool of evaluation indicators for the measurement of volunteering activities is delineated. For a framework of measurement indicator, the performance prism model is adopted utilizing its' multi-faceted lens through which to reflect various stakeholders' views in a package of measurement indicator. The new evaluation model is drawn as the result of structured interview test with 39 experts in charge with volunteering activity in two local governments in Seoul area.

This study purports to identify the structural relationship of the integrated marketing factors impacting to the continuing reuse of nonprofit organizations' service. Owing to the increasing demand of nonprofit organizations' accountability to society and the competitive social climate, the concept of marketing of profit organizations begins to be widely applied to the nonprofit organizations and the recognition of such necessity is also being universalized. By the way, recently, the necessity is strongly proposed of approaching to the relationship marketing with overcoming the limit of transactional marketing. This study, however, tried to integrate the two approaches by introducing the intermediate variable of the relationship marketing factors through the theoretical examination. The transaction marketing factors are composed of five elements, that is, service quality(professionalism), ethic, organizational image, physical environment, orientation to client. The relationship marketing factors are compose of three elements, that is, client content, trust, commitment. And the intention to reuse was introduced as a resulting or dependent variable. Through the theoretical examination, I set up the concepts and variables, the hypotheses resulting from the relationships, made operationalized definitions of those concepts and variables, and did survey to get the relevant data. By the structural equation model, I empirically tested the hypotheses and analysed the structural relationship of the relevant concepts and variables. Finally I identified that the relationship marketing factors play a role of intermediate variables.

Many studies have researched the policy roles of the Korean developmental state and rapid economic growth, but very few scholars have focused on the processes in which the state had been shaped. This essay analyzes twelve times of revision of the Government Organization Law between May 16, 1961 and December 17, 1963. During this period the military junta, the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, consolidated the foundation of the developmental state. On the bases of historical legacies that had been accumulated through the Japanese colonial period, the U.S. military rule, and the Syngman Rhee administration and under the influences of U.S. cold war strategies and the contemporary dominant ideas, it revamped government organizations to pursue economic development, which would have led to its ultimate goal of long-term assumption of power. Without a single well-prepared blueprint the junta leaders with bounded rationality took a heuristic approach. They finished the revamp with very few times of revision in sectors where historical legacies intact could be used, the junta exercised control, and future policy directions were consensual. However, they had to revise many times in sectors where they had to transform the existing regime and were in a politically weak position and future policy directions were controversial. Based on their generational experiences, civilian bureaucrats and leading private businessmen acted as ideas sources and conveyors in the revision processes. They played a role of link-pin between the prewar Japanese developmental state and the newly shaped Korean developmental state beyond sixteen year time gap. Despite the Japanese legacies and considerable U.S. influences, however, the junta resulted in creating the unique developmental state significantly different from the prewar Japanese state and postwar Taiwanese developmental state.

The concept, ‘community business,’ has been rarely discussed in a theoretical way despite its emerging interests among professionals in Korea. Therefore, this study aims to build the concept by identifying its features so as to differentiate it from more well-known concept, ‘social enterprise.’ According to the analysis, community business means an activity or organization that solves local issues by local residents using local resources. But, its ultimate goal is to revitalize local community, which can be led by a ‘transformational leader’ called ‘social entrepreneur.’ One of the main differences between community business and social enterprise is that the former covers only a local area by limiting its pursuit of financial profit while the latter does not constrain the size of covering area and financial profit in order to provide as many as jobs to socially and economically disadvantaged people. This implies that current government policy in promoting social enterprises should be changed in a way in which it differently manages the two entities that pursue social and economic values simultaneously.

The concept of project budgetary fragmentation is a phenomenon or a trend that project budget cuts into small pieces by politically driven projects in local government. The main purpose of this study is to find whether the tendency of project budgetary fragmentation exists and to examine what sorts of the main factors affecting budgetary fragmentation. To calculate the degree of project budget fragmentation empirically, we made a panel data set containing the projects and budget values in 16 counties from 1986 to 2007. As a result of empirical research, local self-government in 1991 and elected local government head affect the budgetary fragmentation positively. But, pork barrel politics of local assembly legislators have worsen the budgetary fragmentation in local government projects.