How the President Responds to the Public: Focusing on the Relationship between the Presidential Campaign Pledges, National Agendas, and National Budgets

Shin, Hyunki; WOO CHANGBIN

This study explores how the president responds to the public by categorizing responsiveness of the president into symbolic responsiveness and substantial responsiveness. We measure the symbolic responsiveness with the congruence between the presidential campaign pledges and national agendas, and the substantial one with the congruence between national agendas and national budges, applying the same methods utilized by Jones & Baumgartner(2004). The analyses of the data on the previous four presidents show that the substantial responsiveness or policy congruence is rather lower than the symbolic responsiveness or agenda congruence, indicating the existence of the president’s strategic choices and institutional frictions, such as complex administrative procedures, government officials’s resistance, and opposition from the national assembly. The results of this study suggest that the president’s attempts of communicating with the public should be evaluated not only by the symbolic, but also by the substantial responsiveness.

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* 2021년 이후 발행 논문의 참고문헌은 현재 구축 중입니다.

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