KJC Korea
Journal Central

Purpose：This research intended to find out the effects of scalenus medius muscle relaxed posture on the increase of head-neck rotation for general adults. Methods：This research was conducted on 30 subjects whose both sides head-neck rotation angles are not the same and that agreed to participate in the experiment. In a posture of sitting erectly on a mat, both sides head-neck rotation angles were measured with C-ROM equipment, and while supporting arm in direction opposite the side where head-neck rotation limited and leaning over the body at 45 degree and neck at vertical condition against ground, head-neck rotation angles were measured each with C-ROM equipment. Results：The Head-Neck rotation angle on the side of limited head-neck rotation demonstrated more increase in scalenus medius relaxed posture than in erect sitting posture, showing significant difference statistically(p<0.05). The head-neck rotation angle on the side of non-limited Head-Neck rotation demonstrated more decrease in scalenus medius relaxed posture than in erect sitting posture, not showing any significant difference statistically (p>0.05). Conclusions：This posture may be used for preventing limit of head-neck rotation caused of scalenus medius muscle tension and increasing head-neck rotation.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of cervical ROM and muscle endurance on cervical joint mobilization of normal adults. Both joint mobilization group(n=20) and control group(n=20) were measured an cervical ROM and muscle endurance time by CROM and stop watch at pre-test, post-test in 1 weeks,post-test in 2 weeks and post-test in 3 weeks. The flexion ROM, extension ROM and muscle endurance of the joint mobilization group were significantly different among the experimental period (p＜.05). The Correlation of muscle endurance and extension ROM is significantly Correlation (p＜.05). In conclusion, we were found that cervical joint mobilization could increase cervical ROM and muscle endurance and Correlation of muscle endurance and extension ROM.

Purpose：The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of loading position on plantar center of pressure(COP) displacement when carrying a schoolbag during walking. Methods：Forty-four normal subjects were randomly assigned to five groups according to the method of carrying a schoolbag. The carrying a schoolbag methods were classified into five conditions: no bag (condition 1),a backpack (condition 2), a shoulder bag (condition 3), a cross bag (condition 4), a one-hand bag (condition 5). COP displacement such as anteroposterior distance and mediolateral distance of COP were measured with F-scan system. The repeated one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test were used to confirm the statistical significance. Results：In the comparison of parameters of COP displacement between conditions, anteroposterior distance and mediolateral distance in the left foot and mediolateral distance in the right foot were not significantly different(p＞.05), but anteroposterior diatance in the right foot was significantly different(p＞.05). Between left and right foot, at condition 1 and 5 the mediolateral distance of COP was significantly different(p＜.05) but anteroposterior distance at condition 1 and 5, anteroposterior distance and mediolateral distance of COP at condition 2, 3 and 4 were not significantly different(p＞.05). Conclusion：These findings showed that the various loading position by five types of carrying a schoolbag didn't have influence significantly on COP displacement on during walking because of mechanism of postural adaption

Purpose：The purpose of this study is to assess the effect for gait, balance, and depression for stroke patients by group task-related program training based motor learning theory. Methods：The subjects of this study were administrated to the 11 stroke patients (9 male, 2 female) by 5weeks, 3 times per week, 15 times. The group task-related program training were performed gait, balance,treadmill, muscle strengthening, and game program. Each program took 7~10 minutes and total time took 60minutes including moving time. The difference of program training were compared using the paired t-test. Results：The results of this study revealed that Fugl-Meyer motor assessment, Chedoke-McMaster Stroke assessment of lower extremity and Berg balance scale were significantly correlated. However, impairment item of Chedoke-McMaster Stroke assessment, spatio-temporal gait parameters, Timed up and go test, and depression item of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory were not significantly correlated. Conclusion：These results support that group task-related program could be a useful treatment to improve the balance skills and motor function of lower extremity for the chronic stroke patients.

Purpose：This study investigated to find the therapeutical effects of functional weight bearing exercise on the balance and gait in stroke. Methods：The subjects of this study were 13 hemiplegia was exercised using functional weight support exercise for 5 weeks, all of whom agreed to participate in the study. All subjects were measured to see their balance and gait with a Pro-3 balance system and Gait analysis. In order to assure the statistical significance of the results, we used for SPSS 12.0 for windows. Results：The results of this study were as follows : 1) There were statistically significant difference in medial-lateral stability and overall stability index. 2) There were statistically significant in distance and gait velocity index. Conclusion：According the results of this study, functional weight bearing exercise is effect on the balance and gait for hemiplegia

Purpose：The purpose of this study was to compare plantar pressure distribution between affected side and unaffected side and to analyze plantar pressure distribution of affected side according to the extent of hemineglect in the adult hemiplegia. Methods：Twenty-five hemiplegia participated in this study. The analysis of plantar pressure distribution was conducted by the F-scan system, and the extent of hemineglect was evaluated with line-bisection test. While the subject walked about 10 meters in their comfortable speed the plantar pressure was evaluated and stored. Results：Total contact area, AP CoP trajectory, contact pressure of mid-foot of the affected side were significantly different from the unaffected side. Total contact area, AP CoP trajectory and contact pressure of mid-foot were smaller than those of unaffected side. In the comparison among the group according to the extent of hemineglect, AP CoP trajectory of subject who has severe hemineglect was significantly different from the patient that has no hemineglect and it was shorter than that of no hemineglect. Conclusion：The plantar pressure distribution was generally different between affected side and unaffected side and the hemineglect affected negatively the patient to move CoP forwardly while walking. Accordingly, it will help the clinician to understand the hemineglect which has an effect on abnormal walking and to intervent the hemiplegia who has a neglection to the affected side.

Purpose：The purpose of this study is to compare the distribution of foot pressure, knee and ankle joint angle between treadmill walking and ground walking in normal person. Methods：18 Person of subject has participated this study, let subject to walk in ground and treadmill in order to gain data of foot distribution and knee, ankle joint angle using by parotec system. and Dartfish system. Walking velocity was constrained by 2Km/h and more 10sec. Date analysis was used by paired-t test using SPSS/PC statistical programs for window. Results：Result show that total contact times has shown symmetry between both legs, and more increase of left foot pressure in treadmill walking. Foot pressure of treadmill walking was significantly decreased in right hind foot and fore foot and hallux area. The ankle joint angle of treadmill walking was significantly decreased in initial contact phase. Conclusion：Results of this study show that foot pressure of treadmill walking was more decreased than ground walking in right hind foot and fore foot, hallux area. And the ankle joint angle of treadmill walking was significantly decreased in initial contact phase.

Purpose：The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality(VR) program on standing balance in stroke with sensory deficit. Methods：Subjects were assigned randomly to either VR group (n=28) or the control group (n=31) when study began. Both groups were conducted electricity therapy, exercise therapy 5 times per week during six weeks,and a group who have VR group 3 times per week during six weeks. Both groups assessed for standing balance before and after virtual reality program. Results：In standing balance, the virtual reality program which have sensory deficit in stroke group, open eyes from the center area of the body and center line significantly reduced the training period(p＜.05). The virtual reality program to instantly move the weight through maximum voluntary safety limits to sensory deficit of virtual reality program(p＜.05). Conclusion：Stroke patients with sensory deficit affects the recovery of the standing balance. In addition, virtual reality program was stroke patients with sensory deficit affects the recovery of standing balance.

Purpose：To investigate of gait change as Q-angle in chronic knee osteoarthritis patients. Methods：Participated osteoarthritis disease patients(n=16) and normal adults(n=16). gait measure was used by GaitRite and Q-angle measure was used by tape measurement Results：SPSS for win version 12 was used for statistic analysis and independent t-test used to find between the two groups. In the comparison of Q-angle between groups were not significant(p＞.05). In the comparison of temporal parameter of gait between groups, the swing phase, stance phase, single support, double support was significant decreased in arthritis groups(p＜.05). In the comparison of spatial parameter of gaits between groups, BOS and step angles were significant increased in arthritis groups(p＜.05), in the velocity, stride length and FAP(functional ambulation profile) were significant decreased in arthritis groups (p＜.05)Conclusion：In the osteoarthritis disease patients gait showed temporal, spatial, general gait component variable changes comparison normal adults. therefore, it was seems to very important considerable function at gait training in clinical intervention.

Purpose：The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between postural sway and asymmetric weight-bearing for fall prevention in patients with stroke. Methods：Fifty-three individuals with hemiplegic stroke and 57 healthy older adults controls stood quietly with eye open or closed on a force platform while postural sway was quantified by center of pressure measures and weight-bearing asymmetry was calculated from vertical ground reaction forces to determine the relation of between postural sway and asymmetric weight-bearing. The data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA,Pearson correlation, and regression. Results：In the stroke group, postural sway path and velocity in the medial-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) with eye open were increased significantly with greater weight-bearing asymmetry(p＜.05), compared to control group. But, there is not significant correlation in the eye closed condition. Conclusions：The results of this study shows that the greater ML asymmetry was related to increased ML and AP path, velocity for the stroke group.

Purpose：This study were to examine the test-retest and inter-rater reliability as well as the concurrent validity,and convergent validity of the 2 simplified Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke:5itmes-3Level(PASS:5i-3L) &Berg Balance Scale:7items-3Level(BBS:7i-3L), and comparison between the original measures(PASS, BBS). Methods：A total of 33 patients participated in this part of the study. The 2 middle scores of the center of the PASS were averaged(ie, 0-1.5-3) to form the PASS-3Level. Similarly, the 3 level in the center of the BBS were collapsed to a single level(ie, 0-2-4) to from the BBS-3level. To examine test-retest reliability the PASS-3L and BBS-3L was administrated to each participant by rater A in 2 testing sessions 3days apart. To allow evaluation of inter-rater reliability the was rated simultaneously rater B(PASS, BBS-3L), C(BBS, PASS-3L) in the latter testing session. The reliability index(intra-class correlation coefficient, ICC2,1) of both simplified PASS-3L &BBS 3L was used to examine the Test-retest and inter-rater reliability. We examined the distribution, concurrent validity, and convergent validity(Spearman correlation coefficient) of the data obtained with the simplified and original measures. Results：The PASS-3L, BBS-3L showed high test-retest(ICC2,1= .96, .97, respectively) and inter-rater reliability (.97, .96, respectively). and Reliability for single item scores were good(range, PASS-3L=.88∼.96, BBS-3L= .86∼.93). The internal consistency of the PASS-3L, BBS-3L were high(Cronbach's α coefficient =.70, .80,respectively). The PASS-3L, BBS-3L showed high concurrent validity(r=.80∼.92, p＜.01) and convergent validity with the FM-B, MBI, & FM-M score(r=.55∼.82, p＜.01). Conclusion：The PASS-3L, BBS-3L showed high reliability and moderate to good validity so 2 simplified 3-Level scale is a useful clinical tool for evaluating balance in stroke patients. The both simplified PASS, BBS 3-Level scale was found to be adequate for assessing balance in patients with stroke.

Purpose：The purpose of this study is to know the attitude and beliefs of physical therapists (PTs) and students (Ss) who major in physical therapy about the system of physical therapy specialists in Korea. Methods：Data were collected from 74 clinical physical therapists who work for hospitalsand clinics and 151physical therapy students who had finished their clinical trainings. A questionnaire was used, and consisted of a general survey part, 4 items on the necessity of the system, 11 items on the operation of the system, and 2items on the expected effect of the system. The composed items were Korean physical therapists' attitudes towards the system, such as the necessity and the reasons, the standard of qualification, the preferred professional areas,and expected effects of the system. Results：The affirmative response to the items, the necessity of the system of physical therapy specialists,showed 87.9% in physical therapists and 87.5% in students. The responded PTs believed that the system could improve the standard treatment (67.6%) and expanding fields of physical therapy (22.1%). However, students did not quite agree to them with 43.6% and 31.1% responded respectively. The most needed specific areas of physical therapy specialty were the musculoskeletal occupied 95.6% with PTs and 87.2% with students, neurology 95.6% in PTs(students: 92.6), pediatrics 89.1% in PTs(students: 85.8%), geriatrics 75.4% in PTs(students: 73.6%),cardiopulmonary 75.0%in PTs (students: 71.6%). 76.8% of respondents commenced that it could be possible to open a center independently and 94.2% of respondents expected to improve the condition of patients by executing the system of physical therapy specialists. Conclusion：Korean PTs and students believed to improve the patient’s condition and expand areas of physical therapy by execution of the system of physical therapy specialists.

Purpose：The purpose of this study was to investigate how upper-extremity-movement of PNF(proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) with elastic band has effected on arrangement of body and weight-bearing. Methods：The object has worked with 20 patients with hemiplegia inmated and admitted a hospital in Pusan. At random they have divided into two groups - 10 experimental group who were applied typical movement therapy for stability of trunk, and 10 control group who were carried out upper-extremity-movement of PNF with elastic band. This study has carried out 30 minute a day in six weeks from 21 September 2009 to 31October 2009. The object has used electric weighing scales to compare weight-bearing of two groups, and used full-spine X-ray to make comparison of arrangement of body. It has used Wilcoxson Signed-Rank Test Approach to analyse data of comparison how each groups was changed through this experiment and Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test has operated for verification of valence. Results：A comparison of the percentage weight-bearing, Cobb's angle, pelvis height, and shoulder heights obtained before and after the 6-week exercise revealed statistically significant differences for the experimental group; however, there was no such difference in the case of the control group. It hasn't appeared the statistically significant difference of valence in the comparison of each groups after this experiment. Conclusion：These results of this study is that upper-extremity-movement of PNF with elastic band improves the arrangement of body and weight-bearing of patients with hemiplegia. It will be a base to be used to objective data for more aid in clinical therapy.