KJC Korea
Journal Central

Objective：The purpose of this study was to describe the Progressive Intervention strategy applied ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) Tool about Gait for TBI(Traumatic Brain Injury) patient. Methods：The data was collected by TBI patient. We applied the progressive Intervention strategy applied ICF Tool to TBI patient. Parameters of result were collected for using the Berg balance scale, TETRAX, Timed up and go test, Sit to stand test and ICF Evaluation Display Results：Significant differences were observed the TBI patient for Berg balance scale, TETRAX, Timed up and go test, Sit to stand test and ICF Evaluation. TBI patient improved all test. Conclusion：Progressive Intervention strategy applied ICF Tool is very useful and effective. It is effective in clinical practice.

Purpose：The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlations among bone mineral density(BMD), serum lipid levels, and cognitive function in the elderly with dementia. Methods：We recruited seventy elderly with dementia(men=35, women=35) to participate in the Korean mini mental state examination(K-MMSE). Their T-scores and serum lipid levels were analyzed for correlation analysis. Results：The results of this study showed that there are significant correlations between cognitive function and three factors—BMD, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) level, and total cholesterol(TC) level. The cognitive function scores increased proportionally with BMD but were inversely proportional to LDL-C and TC levels. There were no significant relations among cognitive function, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) level, and triglyceride(TG) level. Conclusion：These results indicate that there is a direct proportionality between cognitive function and BMD and inverse proportionalities between cognitive function and LDL-C level and between cognitive function and TC level. Therefore, these levels can be indices for preventing and predicting dementia.

Purpose：The Purpose of this study was on determine whether thoracic expension exercise might increase the pulmonary function of the patients with stroke. Methods：Fourty paients with stroke were randomly assigned to experimental(n=20) and control group(n=20). During four weeks, each group participated thirty minutes for five times per week. Subjects were assessed using pre-value and post-value measurement pulmonary function(Forced vital capacity, Forced expiratory volume at one second, FEV1/FVC, Peak expiratory flow, Tidal volume, vital capacity, Inspiratory capacity, Expiratory reserve volume, Inspiratory reserve volume). Results：These finding suggest that experimental group was significant increase in FVC, FEV1, PEF, TV, IC, IRV, ERV(p<.05). In comparison of two group, experimental group was high pulmonary function than control group. Conclusion：This study showed experimental group can be used to improve pulmonary function than control group. Thus it indicates that the thoracic expension exercise will be more improved through the continued respiratory exercise program.

Purpose：The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of abdominal muscle activation during unilateral leg raising in supine position among three hip abduction angles(0〫 , 15〫 , 30〫 ). Methods：Twenty eight able-body volunteers who had no medical history of low back and hip joint were recruited for this study. Abdominal muscle activity was recorded using surface EMG from both sides of the rectus abdominis, internal/external oblique muscle during leg raising in each position. Results：The muscle activations induced under the three different positions were compared and results showed that there was significant difference only in the right external oblique muscle activation. Conclusion：This study suggest that leg raising of different hip abduction angles without trunk control has little influence on abdominal muscle co-activation.

Purpose：This study was investigated the effect of lower extremity muscle activity during open kinetic chain exercise (OKC) and closed kinetic exercise (CKC) in normal young adults. Methods：The participants were consisted of forty-one. All subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of open kinetic chain exercise group (n=21) and closed kinetic chain exercise group(n=20). It was perform 3 sets, 3 times per week for 6 weeks both open kinetic chain exercise group and closed kinetic chain exercise group. Subjects were assessed for each subject took pre-test, post-test in 2 weeks, post-test in 4 weeks, post-test in 6 weeks measurement the surface EMG data for vastus medialis and lateralis, lateral and medial hamstring, lateral and medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior. Results：The vastus medialis and lateralis muscle activity was significantly increased within the intervention period both group(p<.05). The lateral and medial part of hamstring muscle activity was significantly increased with in the intervention period(p<.05). The tibialis anterior muscle activity of open kinetic chain exercise group and closed kinetic chain exercise group was significantly increased in the intervention period(p<.05). The lateral and medial part of gastrocnemius muscle activity of open kinetic chain exercise group and closed kinetic chain exercise group was significantly increased with in the intervention period(p<.05). Conclusion：It was found that both open kinetic chain exercise and closed kinetic chain exercise was significantly increased muscle activity. Further studies are needed to analyzed long term effects and subjects resulting from these changed. these exercises can be selectively adapted not only as treatment exercise for patients but also as preventive exercise for normal person to improve balancing ability by conducting proper amount of exercise for each individual’s condition and stage.

Purpose：The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is an effective treatment for myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) of upper trapezius. Methods：Study subject were 20 patients (7 male and 13 female). The patients were evaluated by assessing of pain and function using visual analog scale (VAS) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) and Constant-Murley scale (CMS). Statistical analysis was used paired T-test to know significance probability between pre-test and post-test. Results：There was no statistical significance in the change in PPT. But, VAS scores were significantly improved after ESWT (p<.05). Using the Constant-Murley score, this study showed a significant decrease in pain and a significant increase in range of motion of shoulder (p<.05). Conclusion：These results indicate that extracorporeal shock waves therapy could be considered as an effective and efficient treatment modality for myofascial pain syndrome of upper trapezius.

Purpose：The purpose of this study was to examine immediate effects of 15 minutes plantarflexor static stretching in quite stance. Methods：Twenty-nine subjects were measured static balance during 1 minute in quite stance with eye closed condition before and after 15 minutes plantarflexor static stretching. Static stretching range was limited from 15° to 20° dorsiflexion within comfortable range. Results：The result of this study showed that postural sway significantly increased during 1 minute quiet stance after 15 minutes static stretching(p<.05). Before stretching, postural sway significantly decreased during 41-60 seconds compared to 0-20, 21-40 seconds(p<.05). After stretching, postural sway was decreased significantly over time 0-20, 21-40, and 41-60 seconds(p<.05). Conclusion：The prolong plantarflexor static stretching may require biomechanical, neurological adaptations prior to walking or sport activities for safety.

Purpose：Bridging exercise was used most frequently of lumbar stabilization exercise. There has been no reserch regarding the bridging exercise according to hip abductor activation or hip adductor activation. The purpose of this study is to determine correlation of hip abductor, adductor and abdominal muscles, lower limb muscle. Methods：Participants who met the criteria for this study (n=45). Participants performs bridging exercise on three types (normal bridging exercise, bridging exercise with hip abductor contraction, bridging exercise with hip adductor contraction) for evaluate correlation of each muscles. Results：There was a significant negative correlation between adductor magnus and gluteus medius, adductor magnus and rectus femoris. And there was a positive correlation between gluteus medius and rectus femoris on normal bridging exercise (p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between adductor magnus and gluteus medius, transverse abdominis, and between gulteus medius and transverse abdominis on bridging exercise with adductor magnus activation (p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between adductor magnus and gluteus medius, rectus femoris, and between gulteus medius and rectus femoris on bridging exercise with gluteus medius activation (p<0.05). Conclusion：When we perform bridging exercise for transverse abdominis activation and increase pressure in the abdmen, bridging exercise with hip adductor contraction is more effective than normal bridging exercise and bridging exercise with hip abductor contraction.

Purpose：The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between weight-supporting asymmetry and gait symmetry in patients with stroke. Methods：Sixty two stroke patients with hemiplegia stood quietly with eye opens on a force platform to calculate weight-supporting asymmetry from vertical reaction force. The GAITRite was used to evaluate their gait parameters. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation. Results：The results of this study was showed that the medio-lateral index (ML) was correlated with symmetry rate (SR), symmetry index (SI), and Gait asymmetry (GA) of step time and length but stronger correlation with spatial gait symmetry than temporal symmetry. In gait symmetry, step length has stronger correlation with weight-supporting asymmetry than step time. Conclusions：The results of this study shows weight-supporting asymmetry was correlated with more spatial gait symmetry than temporal symmetry.

Purpose：The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Vojta therapy on Gross Motor Function Measurement(GMFM) and Selective Voluntary Motor Control (SVMC) in children with Spastic diplegia. Methods：During this experiment, the subject of four children diagnosed with spastic diplegia was tested using ABA design for Single-subject Experimental Research Design. The procedure consisted of baseline, intervention and follow-up phase which was held thirty minutes each for three times a week for a total of 24 times. Gross motor function was measured using GMFM and selective voluntary motor control was measured using SCALE. Results：According to this study, the gross motor function and selective voluntary motor control of all subjects were improved from their intervention phase to their baseline phase. During the follow phase which the intervention was removed, the ability that was enhanced during the prior phases was still either maintained or only reduced slightly. Conclusion：The Vojta therapy used on children diagnosed with spastic diplegia was effective on both GMFM and SVMC. In other words, the therapy was effective on coordination. However, this study is difficult to be generalized due to the insufficient number of subject. In further studies, it will be necessary to increase the number of trials with a control group in order to generalize the effectiveness of Vojta therapy.

Purpose：The purpose of this study was to analyze weight bearing of cane and affected foot at different speeds during walking. Methods：Thirteen subjects (6 males, 7 females) with stroke enrolled in the study. A foot sensor and an instrumented cane were integrated to analyze the vertical peak force on the affected foot and the cane. Results：The applied vertical peak force on the cane were 12.02±4.80% (slow speed), 7.97±3.95% (comfortable speed), and 6.86±3.30% (fast speed) body weight, respectively. The results indicated significantly lower vertical peak force on the affected foot in the low speed walking condition when compared to the fast walking (p<.05) and the comfortable walking (p<.05) conditions. The correlations between TUG and vertical peak force on the cane and affected foot were .71, and -.70 (p<.01). There was a higher correlation between the vertical peak force on the cane and affected foot were -.87(p<.01). Conclusion：In conclusion, slower walking speed applied greater vertical peak force on the cane. On the contray, slower walking speed applied less vertical peak force on the affected foot. Further studies, duration of force should be measured at different speeds during walking in lower and higher functioning hemiparetic subjects, as its use may mask underlying gait impairment.

Purpose：The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of clinical performance improved by the application of the Core-Skill TLP to students. Methods：The subject of the study were 48 students who are enrolled in the 2nd semester of the 3rd year in the department of physical therapy. In order to compare the difference in physical examination and intervention, clinical practice integration as well as interpersonal communication skills were measured before and after clinical performance experiments by using the questionnaire. Result：The results are as follows. There was an improvement after examination & intervention about mean 1.52(t=16.928, p=.000), in clinical practice integration 1.30(t=14.541, p=.000) and in interpersonal communication skills 0.86(t=9.510, p=.000). It shows the significant difference in statistics. Conclusion：According to these results, the Core-Skill TLP is proved as a good learning strategy and could be strongly recommended since it significantly improved physical examination & intervention, clinical practice integration and interpersonal communication skills.