Aspects and Characteristics of the Established Period in Koryeo Roof Tile of Gyeongnam District
2008, 14(14), pp.63-102
Publisher : The Research Institute of Cultural Relics in East Asia
Research Area : History
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The Koryeo Dynasty is a period transferred to the Middle age after the ancient times came to the end in the history of Korea. The Koryeo Dynasty attempted to construct a powerful centralism by accepting the policy of Hanization. However, the Koryeo Dynasty could not help groping a political stability focused on local powerful aristocrat families before the king Hyun Jong centralized the power in the early 11th century. The study thought that the establishment of Koryeo roof tilehad the same orbit as such a social change and that would have a lot of differences in time and form among each region. In the study, Koryeo roof tile meant having technical properties and pattern styles differing from the United Silla, the former stage of Koryeo Dynasty, in the concept of technical history, not in the concept of a chronology. The study could separate the Koryeo roof tile from the roof tile of the United Silla with use of large-sized paddle-beat pattern, fashion of fish-bone pattern and roof-end tile with sun-halo design. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to aspects of the established period of the Koryeo roof tileand to examine its characteristics in the side of technical history by limiting its scope of space in Gyeongnam district and its scope of time in the established period of the Koryeo roof tile. The study selected five remains that the study could grasp the transferring process from the roof tileof the United Silla to the Koryeo roof tileand attempted classification of form and setting-up of each stage regarding composition of patterns as the main property to grasp aspects of the established period of the Koryeo roof tile in Gyeongnam district. In addition, the study pre-examined use of large-sized paddle-beat pattern, fashion of fish-bone design, the appearing process of section mix-up pattern and the outbreak of roof-end tile with sun-halo designappointed in the existing research performance. On the basis of the above, the study reconstructed the developing process of the Koryeo roof tile in the stage Ⅶ. As an aspect of the established period of the Koryeo roof tile in Gyeongnam district, in the event of the plain roof tile, the single pattern stage of fish-bone design in the existing well-known large-sized pattern didn't appear in Gyeongnam district. The tradition of middle-sized line-beat patternand a double-pattern composition in top and bottom having kept until the 10th century was revealed to large-sized paddle-beat pattern, the first Koryeo roof tile in Gyeongnam district, and the fish-bone roof tile of a double symmetry in top and bottom while large-sized paddle-beat pattern was combined with fish-bone design in the 11th century. Also, in the event of mix-up design, a double-pattern composition in top and bottom of the roof tile of the United Silla was succeeded to a double-pattern composition in symmetry of top and bottom, the 1st stage of the Koryeo roof tile, and transferred to a triple-pattern composition in top, middle and bottom, not appearing through pattern-mixed process. In the event of roof-end tile, semi-rectangle ovary patternwas not appeared in Gyeongnam district before the established period of the Koryeo roof tile. The typical Koryeo roof-end tile was appeared while the flower-pattern tile of printed roof-end tile with lotus design in the United Silla was combined with newly introduced semi-rectangle ovary pattern in the 11th century. Roof-end tile with sun-halo design was appeared while the flower-pattern tile side of semi-rectangle ovary-printed roof-end tile with lotus design was gradually reduced. The dating of the established period of the Koryeo roof tile was set up to be the first half of the 11th century on the basis of fish-bone design with inscription 'Daepyeong' excavated in Jeongrimsaji, Dongpyeonghyeonseongji and Sacheon SeonjinJinriseong and a Dongraegoeupseongji construction related article. Through the above, the study regarded the creative process of a new pattern through fusion between the tradition of local manufacture and the introduced innovative manufacturing elements as the technical characteristic of the established period of the Koryeo roof tile in Gyeongnam district.
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