KJC Korea
Journal Central

This research aims to examine sentence patterns which contains the Korean indirect quotational marker {-ko} in the Learner's Dictionary of Korean (LDK), and to suggest an idea to improve LDK. It is well known that LDK is good to those who both study and teach Korean language, and that it has many useful sentence patterns of verbs. However, as for the indirect quotational marker {-ko} which is important to Korean language learning and teaching, LDK doesn't seem to be fully-equipped with informations of sentence patterns. So, I suggest that LDK should have more concrete and detailed information on the indirect quotational markers in favor of many foreigners who study Korean, but have little intuition of Korean language.

This thesis has purpose to examine the synonymy among ‘chaso, yacha, namul(vegetable)’ and establish the criteria in the class of vegetable synonyms. With this criteria for a basis, some ‘Fruit’ word-class and ‘Grain’ word-class having semantic relation with vegetable synonyms will be distinguished. In the earlier studies, the classification of vegetable word-class, fruit word-class, and grain word-class has been presented from the botanical point of view or biochemical point of view. ‘Woody plant’ or ‘herbaceous plant’ is botanically classified term. ‘Sweetness’ has been used as a biochemical criterion. But botanical or biochemical criteria are not enough and sufficient in the classifying synonyms. In this study humanities’ criteria or cultural criteria(especially korean food culture) are more appropriate to discriminate synonyms. Humanities’ criteria or cultural criteria will be applied to ‘Vegetable’ word-class(Chapter. 2). This criteria will be good for classifying the ‘Fruit’ word-class, ‘Grain’ word-class(Chapter. 3). Not only these ‘vegetable, fruit, grain’ word-class but also other boundary word-class in synonymy could be clarified with humanities’ criteria or cultural criteria.

This paper aims to investigate the correlation between patterns and functions of the Korean adjective ‘anida’ as a lexical negative and to examine how differently it is manifested between spoken and written corpus. The data used for this study mainly comes from the 21st Sejong Spoken Corpus consisting of educational books and naturally-occurring conversations and each of them is composed of 100,000 words. We randomly extract 200 sentences from each corpus. In order to analyze ‘anida’, we take the following procedures: First, the patterns of ‘anida’ construction are analyzed according to discourse-pragmatic context. we can discriminate between propositional negation patterns and discourse negation patterns. Second, based on the lexico-grammatical features, ‘anida’ constructions are categorized into 2 types of argument structure. Third, from a morphological point of view, we can discover some tendencies among various inflectional forms of ‘anida', The functions of ‘anida’ are correlated with not only lexico-grammatical feature of the constructions but also discourse-pragmatic context and inflectional forms.

This paper analyses the antonym in Korean pop song lyrics. I studied only "trot" among Korean pop songs because there are a great number of trot lyrics that show the construction of oppositional meaning using the antonym. The topics of trot lyrics are mostly ‘love between a man and a woman', ‘life', and ‘the pain from the division of the country and the feeling of homesickness'. Examining the pattern of antonym written in trot lyrics, it is characterized by writing not only the fixed antonym perceived generally but also the context antonym formed temporarily for each trot. In rare cases, there is the antonym in a figurative sense. The semantic aspects of the antonym can be seen variously. By analysing the process of forming the temporary context antonym, it can be inferred the process of forming the fixed antonym used generally. The results indicate which processes the opposing notions have been established in the structure of our consciousness through, and show also our consciousness and way of thinking through the processes.

The purpose of this study is to establish better systems of terms of address through classification of modern korean terms of address. There were studies that terms of address connected with postposition were included in the category and ‘jeogiyo’ or ‘yeoboseyo’, which are for getting attention, were included as well. But this classification is not so proper. So this study divided the terms into two categories; common terms of address and kinship terms of address. Most of the terms of address are nouns, which are subdivided into three; ‘Noun+Suffix/Bound Noun, Noun, and Pronoun. The first two kinds of nouns have five subcategories, and they have geononymy and teknonymy. Another purpose of the study is to describe the characteristics of modern korean terms of address based on the classification system built in this study. We considered the structure of terms of address and what kind of speech level of hearer honorifics could be used with. As a result, we found there are meaningful differences of using in the speech level according to types of terms of address. So we organized the using context, and this will lead to understanding of restriction of using terms of address. We hope this study provides opportunities of self-examination on ambiguous categorizing system and establish reasonable system of terms of address. It also helps other studies on categorizing system of terms of address in Korean and better education of using terms of address.

This paper argues that there are two kinds of reduplicaiton, namely morphological reduplication and phonological reduplication in Korean. To making such a suggest, this article re-examines the concept and the classification of reduplication. In terms of the concept, this paper argues that 'synonym compounding', in which the two members of the compound are phonologically distinct should be included in the category of reduplication. It means that the mechanism of reduplication is not only based on phonological identity between the constituents of reduplication, but also based on semantic identity. The former is the phonological reduplication based on the phonological identity of reduplicants and the latter is the morphological reduplication. These two reduplications differ in the unit of reduplicant, word structure, word formation, the meaningful functions and the grammatical functions of reduplication.

From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, form and meaning of a language is motivated by language-independent factors. Drawing on this view, the purpose of this study is to make a pedagogical suggestion for teaching and learning word formation by focusing on meaning and function. Teaching word formation in class so far has mainly been focused on understanding the concept of word stems and affixes, and analysing words to classify the groups of simple, derived, and compound words from the perspective of structuralism, descriptive and generative linguistics. However, this trend of teaching-learning methodology does not seem to fit the objectives of current curriculum for Korean education, which emphasize ‘enforcing the spirit of the Korean language’ and ‘creative learning’. Even though the ‘New Contents of Revised Curriculum 2007’ puts the emphasis on the understanding of the word formation process and its creative use, the textbooks still adhesively show the viewpoint of structuralism without semantic concerns. To overcome this issue, this paper suggests a new teaching-learning model based on motivation with a consideration of meaning and function.

This study aims to analyse Korean equative tautology. The interpretation of tautology has been discussed through two approaches. One is the Gricean's perspective, which analyses tautology as a conversational implicature (radical pragmaticist's position). Wierzbicka's radical semantic position, which states that tautology is dependent upon certain language-specific syntactic constructions (radical semanticist's position). This study applies Wierzbicka's view and methodology to Korean tautologies. Because Wierzbicka's semantic representation with Natural Semantic Metalanguage offers an efficient method to specify the meaning of Korean tautology. As a result, Korean nominal tautologies can describe the following: 1) recognition and negation of generalization; 2) resignation of human nature; 3) acceptance of reality; 4) recognition of irreducible difference; 5) recognition of indifference; 6) limitations of objects; 7) irreversible state of affairs; and 8) emphasis. Scrutinizing Korean tautology, this paper explicates the language- and culture-specific of Korean and hopefully can contribute in the understanding and education of Korean as a foreign language.

The purpose of this study is to analyze printed advertising language. For this purpose, this study examine the types of form and meaning composition methods of printed advertising language. The form types of printed advertising language are divided into word form, phrases and clauses form, sentence form. Word form type include ‘X+hakwon, X+kyouk, X+edu, X+ehakwon, X+academy, X+kwamok, X+kwamok+hakwon, X+kwamok+ kyosil, X+kwamok+yenku, X+kwamok+zenmon, X+kwamok+zenmon+ha- kwon'. Phrases and clauses form type include ‘X+uy+X', ‘X+wa/kwa+ X'. The semantic types of printed advertising language are divided into basic, professional, future, name, area. The composition methods of printed advertising language consist of lexical composition method and expression composition method. The lexical composition method include onomatopoeic, mimetic word, homonym, coined word. The expression composition method consist of ellipsis, intertextuality, figures of speech, symbols.

By analyzing the antecedents of Korean words ‘이상’ and ‘이하’ with semantic features of [+benchmark] and [+directivity] in sentences followed by nouns with the semantic features of [+affiliation], [+order], and [+stage], this paper considers these two words’ semantic meanings in term of scope, which characterizes to express the semantic meanings of quantity, degree, and scope of statement. Besides, ‘이상’ can express the meaning of extentand condition, which forms semantic asymmetry with ‘이하’.

This study aims to identify some of the main tasks for Korean lexical education, and discuss desirable directions for the future. The findings of this study are as follows. First, goals, contents, methods and guidelines for assessment have not yet been prepared, though lexical education is very important in terms of acquisition of lexical functions. Second, the main tasks of lexical education are as follows. (1) Its goals should be to promote use of accurate and rich vocabulary, widen world knowledge, and contribute to the creation of a language culture by enlarging and refining lexical knowledge and lexical awareness. (2) The curriculum should specify the elements involved in achieving the above goals. (3) Its methodology should follow an inquiry-based learning model. (4) Appropriate assessment criteria should be developed, focusing on the extent to which the goals have been achieved, and this assessment should be closely related to the curriculum contents. Third, desirable directions for lexical education are as follows. (1) It should follow a human-centered approach and an integrative and encyclopedic perspective according to the open-ended conceptualistic language view. (2) It should lead to inquiry-based learning, activating the learner's interest through precise observation, systematic analysis and description, and rational explanation. (3) It should enrich the learner's daily use of language by focusing on personal meaning. (4) It should inform the learner about the present state of Korean vocabulary and offer ways of mastering it, while motivating him or her to comprehend its properties and love its purified form.

Although, ‘-eo ha-’ is generally combined with subjective adjective, in some case, it is also combined with objective adjective. Such objective adjectives may be classified into two groups. One is the group where when original objective adjective such as ‘jobda(좁다)’ is converted to subjective adjective and it may be combined with ‘-eo ha-’. The other is the group where even though there is no possibility of being converted to subjective adjective in itself, outwardly, it seems that the construction [objective adjective + -eo ha-] is created, by sharing certain characteristics with the [subjective adjective + -eo ha-] construction. First, with regard to the ‘jobda(좁다)’ type adjective, it is mentioned that it will be combined with ‘-eo ha-’, when it describes the property or state of a theme through perceptual experience such as hearing, touch, smell, taste, not through the way, which is relatively objective(which uses only sight). In this way, among objective adjectives, the adjective which can be related with subjective, perceptual experience may be categorized into subjective adjective by its nature. When it comes to the ‘gyeomsonhada(겸손하다)’ type adjective, it is mentioned that such objective adjectives as have potential characteristics, ‘being related to subject's internal psychological aspect’ as well as ‘being behavioral’, may be combined with ‘-eo ha-’. It is discussed that this kind of adjective, unlike typical adjectives, have a potential characteristic of ‘being behavioral’ in the sense that this may be combined with imperative endings or endings which indicate certain intent. Add to that, that behavior is related to ‘the subject who is psychologically affected’. These two are the fundamental characteristics of the [subjective adjective + -eo ha-] construction. Like this, it is shown that human's ability of motivation, where the primary characteristics of the ‘-eo ha-’ construction are to be abstract and new expressions which accord with the characteristics are created and interpreted according to the existing the ‘-eo ha-’ construction, affects the process of expansion of the distribution of the ‘-eo ha-’ construction.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the aspects of meaning acquisition of ‘Ka-ta’ by Chinese learners of Korean. The subjects were 20 Chinese intermediate learners of Korean, 20 Chinese advanced learners of Korean, and 20 native speakers of Korean. A sentence-writing task and a sentence-judgment task were used. The study made use of χ², t-test and Welch-Aspin test. The findings were as follows: First, there were significant differences between learners and native speakers. Secondly, there was no significant difference between intermediate learners and advanced learners. Finally, L1 transfer was found in tasks done by learners. The results indicate that even if they are advanced learners, Chinese learners of Korean rely on their L1 and acquire only the prototypical meaning and a limited number of the extended meanings.

This study aims to show discrimination and description methods of Korean synonym, especially based on 『Yonsei Modern Korean Dictionary』. Synonymy is widely used to enrich learner's vocabularies in Language Teaching. For providing materials in language teaching, first of all this study shows Korean synonym are divided into three which are based on the etymology, and those classifications aren't explanatory of discrimination of synonyms and enriching vocabularies to language learners. Insead of this study classifies Korean synonym four types based on their language properties. These classifications are explanatory of discrimination of Korean synonym and moreover those are closely related to description of Korean synonym. Secondly, this study aims to discriminate between tests of discrimination synonym based on functional burden. According to my observation, those test are used differently according to category. Lastly this study shows the description of Korean synonym based on their property. For example, nouns are described by using signposts or modifier or predicates. Verbs are described by using case frame or the properties of their arguments. And adverbs are described by using modifier or conjunctional ending etc.