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[book] Fairbank J. K. / 1953 / Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast: The Opening of the Treaty Ports, 1842–1854 / Harvard University Press

[book] Fairbank J. K. / 1968 / The Chinese World Order: Traditional China’s Foreign Relations / Harvard University Press

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[book] Morris Rossabi / 1983 / China among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th-14th Centuries / University of California Press

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[book] Ngô Sĩ Liên / 1993 / Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư [Complete annals of Dai Viet] Vol. 2 / Social Science Publishing House

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[journal] Yu, Insun / 2009 / Vietnam-China Relations in the 19th Century: Myth and Reality of the Tributary System / Journal of Northeast Asian History 6(1) : 81~117

[journal] Zhang, F. / 2009 / Rethinking the ‘Tribute System’: Broadening the Conceptual Horizon of Historical East Asian Politics / Chinese Journal of International Politics 2 : 545~574