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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="ko" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
	<journal-meta>
		<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jkits</journal-id>
		<journal-title-group>
		<journal-title>한국지식정보기술학회 논문지</journal-title>
		<journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Knowledge Information Technology and Systems</journal-title>
		</journal-title-group>
		<issn pub-type="ppub">1975-7700</issn>
		<publisher>
		<publisher-name>한국지식정보기술학회</publisher-name>
		<publisher-name xml:lang="en">Korea Knowledge Information Technology Society</publisher-name>
		</publisher>
	</journal-meta>
	<article-meta>
		<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jkits_2020_15_02_235</article-id>
		<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34163/jkits.2020.15.2.009</article-id>
		<article-categories>
			<subj-group>
				<subject>Research Article</subject>
			</subj-group>
		</article-categories>
		<title-group>
			<article-title>국내 성인을 대상으로 후두상승강화훈련기를 이용한 턱 당기기와 입 벌리기에 대한 압력의 표준화 연구</article-title>
			<trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
				<trans-title>Standardization of Pressure for Chin-Tuck and Jaw-Opening Using Laryngeal Elevation Strengthening Device in Healthy Adults</trans-title>
			</trans-title-group>
		</title-group>
		<contrib-group>
			<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
				<name-alternatives>
					<name name-style="eastern">
						<surname>문</surname>
						<given-names>종훈</given-names>
					</name>
					<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
						<surname>Moon</surname>
						<given-names>Jong-Hoon</given-names>
					</name>
				</name-alternatives>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
			</contrib>
			<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
				<name-alternatives>
					<name name-style="eastern">
						<surname>김</surname>
						<given-names>영욱</given-names>
					</name>
					<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
						<surname>Kim</surname>
						<given-names>Young-Wook</given-names>
					</name>
				</name-alternatives>
				<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
			</contrib>
			<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
				<name-alternatives>
					<name name-style="eastern">
						<surname>김</surname>
						<given-names>재형</given-names>
					</name>
					<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
						<surname>Kim</surname>
						<given-names>Jae-Hyung</given-names>
					</name>
				</name-alternatives>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
			</contrib>
			<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
				<name-alternatives>
					<name name-style="eastern">
						<surname>김</surname>
						<given-names>윤지</given-names>
					</name>
					<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
						<surname>Kim</surname>
						<given-names>Yoon-Ji</given-names>
					</name>
				</name-alternatives>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
			</contrib>
			<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
				<name-alternatives>
					<name name-style="eastern">
						<surname>정</surname>
						<given-names>승아</given-names>
					</name>
					<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
						<surname>Jeong</surname>
						<given-names>Seung-A</given-names>
					</name>
				</name-alternatives>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5"><sup>5</sup></xref>
			</contrib>
			<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
				<name-alternatives>
					<name name-style="eastern">
						<surname>원</surname>
						<given-names>영식</given-names>
					</name>
					<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
						<surname>Won</surname>
						<given-names>Young-Sik</given-names>
					</name>
				</name-alternatives>
					<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn001">*</xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
			</contrib>
					</contrib-group>
		<aff-alternatives id="A1">
			<aff><sup>1</sup><italic>경동대학교 작업치료학과 교수</italic></aff>
			<aff xml:lang="en"><italic>Department of Occupational Therapy, Kyungdong University</italic></aff>
		</aff-alternatives>
		<aff-alternatives id="A2">
			<aff><sup>2</sup><italic>서울숭인병원 작업치료실 작업치료사</italic></aff>
			<aff xml:lang="en"><italic>Department of Occupational Therapy, Seoul Soong-In Hospital</italic></aff>
		</aff-alternatives>
		<aff-alternatives id="A3">
			<aff><sup>3</sup><italic>신성대학교 작업치료과 작업치료사</italic></aff>
			<aff xml:lang="en"><italic>Department of Occupational Therapy, Shinsung University</italic></aff>
		</aff-alternatives>
		<aff-alternatives id="A4">
			<aff><sup>4</sup><italic>녹색병원 작업치료실 작업치료사</italic></aff>
			<aff xml:lang="en"><italic>Department of Occupational Therapy, Green Hospital</italic></aff>
		</aff-alternatives>
		<aff-alternatives id="A5">
			<aff><sup>5</sup><italic>서울대효병원 작업치료실 작업치료사</italic></aff>
			<aff xml:lang="en"><italic>5Department of Occupational Therapy, Seoul Daehyo Hospital</italic></aff>
		</aff-alternatives>
		<author-notes>
			<fn id="fn001"><label>*3</label><p>신성대학교 작업치료과 작업치료사(Department of Occupational Therapy, Shinsung University)</p><p>Corresponding author is with the Department of Occupational Therapy, Shinsung University, 1, Daehak-ro, Jeongmi-myeon, Dangjin, 31801, KOREA.</p><p><italic>E-mail address</italic>: <email>otwys9494@naver.com</email></p></fn>
		</author-notes>
		<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			<month>04</month>
			<year>2020</year>
		</pub-date>
		<volume>15</volume>
		<issue>2</issue>
		<fpage>235</fpage>
		<lpage>244</lpage>
		<history>
			<date date-type="received">
				<day>04</day>
				<month>02</month>
				<year>2020</year>
			</date>
			<date date-type="rev-recd">
				<day>02</day>
				<month>03</month>
				<year>2020</year>
			</date>
			<date date-type="accepted">
				<day>10</day>
				<month>04</month>
				<year>2020</year>
			</date>
		</history>
		<permissions>
			<copyright-statement>&#x00A9; 2020 KKITS All rights reserved</copyright-statement>
			<copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
		</permissions>
		<abstract>
		<title>요약</title>
		<p>본 연구는 후두상승강화훈련기를 이용하여 나이, 성별에 따른 턱 당기기과 입 벌리기에 대한 압력의 표준치에 대해 조사하고자 하였다. 신경학적 질환이 없는 건강한 성인 137명(20대~80대 이상)이 본 연구에 참여하였다. 모든 대상자는 턱 당기기과 입 벌리기 동작 동안에 후두상승강화훈련기를 통해 압력값을 측정하였다. 측정은 운동마다 각 3회를 수행하였으며, 운동의 순서는 순서효과를 배제하기 위하여 상쇄균형화 하였다. 값은 최대 압력과 평균 압력을 산출하였다. 통계분석은 독립 t 검정과 피어슨 상관분석을 이용하였다. 그 결과, 성별에 따라 나이의 차이와 턱 당기기에 대한 최댓값과 평균값은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p&#x003E;.05). 입 벌리기 압력의 최댓값과 평균값은 남자가 여자보다 유의하게 높은 수준을 나타냈다(p&#x003C;.05). 나이에 대한 턱 당기기와 입 벌리기의 압력 사이에는 유의한 음의 상관을 나타냈다(p&#x003C;.05). 턱 당기기 및 입벌리기의 압력 수치는 높은 양의 상관관계를 보였다 (p&#x003C;.05). 20대에서 80대 이상의 대상자에서, 턱 당기기와 입 벌리기의 기준값을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 임상에서 후두상승강화훈련기를 이용하여 턱 당기기와 입 벌리기 운동을 수행할 때, 효율적인 평가 및 훈련에 도움이 될 수 있다.</p>
		</abstract>
		<trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
		<title>ABSTRACT</title>
		<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the standardization values of pressure for the chin-tuck and the jaw-opening using laryngeal elevation strengthening device. One hundred thirty-seven healthy adults (20s~≥80s) without neurological disease participated in this study. All subjects were measured by laryngeal elevation strengthening device during the chin-tuck and the jaw-opening. The measurement was performed three times for each task, and the order of the chin-tuck and jaw-opening was balanced to eliminate the order effect. The value calculated the peak pressure and the mean pressure. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t test and Pearson's correlation analysis. As a result, there was no significant difference between age and gender on the peak and mean values of the chin-tuck(p&#x003E;.05). The peak and average values of the the jaw-opening pressure were significantly higher in males than females (p&#x003C;.05). There was a significant negative correlation between age, the chin-tuck and the jaw-opening pressure. (p&#x003C;.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the pressure of the chin-tuck and the jaw-opening. The reference values of chin-tuck and jaw-opening were found in healthy adults. These results can be helpful for efficient evaluation and training when conducting chin-tuck and jaw-opening exercises using the laryngeal elevation strengthening device in the clinic.</p>
		</trans-abstract>
		<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author" xml:lang="en">
<title>K E Y W O R D S</title>
			<kwd>Dysphagia</kwd>
			<kwd>Chin-tuck</kwd>
			<kwd>Jaw-opening</kwd>
			<kwd>Laryngeal elevation</kwd>
			<kwd>Suprahyoid</kwd>
		</kwd-group>
	</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<sec id="sec001" sec-type="intro">
	<title>1. 서 론</title>
	<p>삼킴이란 음식물이 구강에서 삼킴 반사를 통해 인두(pharynx)를 지나 식도를 거쳐 위장까지 이동하는 일련의 과정을 말한다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B001">1</xref>]. 삼킴 과정은 수의적인 조절이 가능한 구강준비기와 구강기, 불수의적 반사가 일어나는 인두기, 체신경과 자율신경계의 조절에 의한 식도기로 나눌 수 있다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B002">2</xref>]. 삼킴 시 활성화되는 근육 중 목뿔위근은 두힘살근, 턱끝목뿔근, 턱목뿔근으로 구성되어 있고[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B003">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B004">4</xref>], 이 근육들의 수축은 후두와 방패연골을 강하게 끌어올려 기도를 보호하고 흡인(aspiration)을 막는다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B005">5</xref>].</p>
	<p>목뿔위근의 근력이 저하되면, 목뿔뼈의 궤적이 감소되고 상부식도 조임근(upper esophageal sphincter) 열림이 줄어들어 음식물이 기도 위로 흘러가는 침습(penetration) 또는 기도로 흘러가는 흡인의 발생률을 높인다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B006">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B007">7</xref>]. 이러한 삼킴의 문제가 있을 때, 보상적 전략을 사용할 수 있는데, 그 중 임상에서 흔히 사용하는 자세교정 전략은 턱 당기기(chin-tuck)이다. 이 전략은 쉽고 간단한 자세교정방법으로써 고개를 아래로 숙이는 동작이다. 턱 당기기는 전방인두를 뒤쪽으로 이동시켜 혀의 뿌리와 후두덮개를 뒤쪽 인두벽과 가깝게 유도하여 기도 입구를 좁게 만드는 효과가 있어 음식덩이가 기도로 침습되는 것을 줄여주며, 후두와 기관으로 음식이 흡인되더라도 흡인의 정도를 줄여주는 이점이 있다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B008">8</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B010">10</xref>].</p>
	<p>삼킴재활의 치료적 전략으로는 목뿔후두 상승(hyolaryngeal elevation)을 증진시킬 수 있는 훈련방법으로써 Shaker운동, 저항성 턱 당기기(chin-tuck against resistance) 운동, 입 벌리기 운동(jaw opening exercise)이 해당된다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B011">11</xref>].</p>
	<p>Shaker 운동은 누운 자세에서 어깨를 바닥에 밀착하여 고개를 들어 자신의 발끝을 보는 운동으로 인두와 후두근육을 강화시킬 수 있다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B012">12</xref>]. Sze 등 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B013">13</xref>]은 표면 근전도 검사를 통해 Shaker 운동 시 목빗근의 피로도가 높게 나타나 장기간 운동에 제한이 있다고 보고하였다. 또 다른 연구에서는 누운 자세에서 머리 무게는 큰 저항이 되어 고개를 들 때 매우 많은 노력이 필요하다고 하였다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B014">14</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B015">15</xref>].</p>
	<p>위의 제한점을 보완하기 위해 앉은 자세에서 저항성 턱 당기기 운동이 고안되었는데, 이 운동은 목뿔위근의 활성도가 Shaker 운동보다 높았고, 목빗근의 활성은 더 낮아 Shaker 운동의 대체방법으로 효과를 나타낼 수 있음을 제안하였다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B016">16</xref>]. 이렇게 저항이 들어간 턱 당기기 운동은 앉은 자세에서 탄성성질을 가진 물체나 폴리카보네이트재질의 도구를 이용하는 것이므로 고개 숙이기 동작에는 큰 노력이 필요하지만 제자리로 오는 과정에서는 에너지를 축적할 수 있다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B017">17</xref>].</p>
	<p>이렇게, 턱 당기기 운동과 입 벌리기 운동에 대한 효과 연구는 보고되고 있으나[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B014">14</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B017">17</xref>], 개인의 턱 당기기 및 입 벌리기의 강도에 대한 정량화된 수치에 관한 연구는 매우 부족하였다. Hara 등[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B018">18</xref>]은 입 벌림 강도 검사기(jaw-opening force test)를 이용하여 입 벌리기 압력의 수치를 표준화하기 위한 연구를 수행하였으나, 일본인 대상 연구이며, 입벌림 강도 검사기는 턱 당기기 운동에 대한 압력 측정이 불가능하다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B018">18</xref>].</p>
	<p>이에 본 연구는 국내 건강한 성인을 대상으로 턱 당기기 시에 저항으로 사용할 수 있는 기기들 중 새롭게 개발된 후두상승강화훈련기를 이용하여 턱 당기기와 입 벌리기 압력 표준치를 조사하고자 한다.</p>
	<p>본 논문의 구성은 다음과 같다. 제 2장 연구방법에서는 연구대상, 측정도구, 연구절차 및 분석방법에 대해 기술한다. 제 3장에서는 성별에 따른 나이, 턱 당기기 및 입 벌리기의 압력과 나이, 턱 당기기 및 입 벌리기의 압력 사이의 상관관계를 알아보고 나이, 턱 당기기, 입 벌리기 압력의 표준수치를 확인한다. 4장에서는 고찰을 기술하고 결론을 맺는다.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec002">
	<title>2. 방법</title>
	<sec id="sec002-1">
		<title>2.1 연구대상</title>
		<p>본 연구에 수도권에 거주하는 20대 이상의 건강한 성인 137명이 참여하였다. 대상자 선정기준은 신경학적 병력 및 삼킴 장애가 없는 자로 하였다. 배제기준은 경부 및 턱관절과 관련된 근골격계 질환 및 수술병력이 없고 통증이 있는 자와 의사소통에 문제가 있는 자로 하였다. 본 연구의 연구기간은 2018년 4월 29일부터 10월 31일까지 시행되었다. 실험 전 대상자에게 연구의 목적, 측정 순서 및 방법에 대한 정보를 충분히 제공 후 자발적 동의하에 진행하였다.</p>
	</sec>
	<sec id="sec002-2">
		<title>2.2 측정도구</title>
		<p>본 연구에서 후두상승강화훈련기(LES 100, Cyber Medic, KOREA)를 이용하여 턱 당기기와 입벌리기 동안의 평균 및 최대 압력값을 측정하였다. 이 후두상승강화훈련기의 훈련 강도는 3 단계의 종류가 있는데, 두께가 3mm, 5mm, 7mm의 기기로 나뉜다. 본 연구에서는 7mm의 후두상승강화훈련기를 이용하였다. 압력 값 산출은 안드로이드 애플리케이션(Android Application, LES 100)을 이용하여 후두상승강화훈련기에 내장된 본체와 휴대폰의 블루투스 연결을 통해 계산되었다. 후두상승강화훈련기의 압력 단위는 헥토파스칼(hPa)이다.</p>
	</sec>
	<sec id="sec002-3">
		<title>2.3 연구절차</title>
		<p>연구 장소는 대상자의 쾌적하고 조용한 환경에서 실시하였다. 측정 시 검사자는 대상자에게 등받이가 없는 의자에 엉덩관절과 무릎관절을 90°로 굽히고 몸통은 바닥과 수직이 되도록 요청하였고 뒤통수와 등뼈 및 어깨뼈는 벽에 닿은 자세로 앉도록 하였다. 후두상승강화훈련기를 착용한 다음 턱 당기기와 입 벌리기를 각각 실시하였고 등뼈와 어깨뼈가 벽에서 떨어지지 않도록 한 뒤 측정하였다.</p>
		<p>턱 당기기의 압력측정에서 작업치료사는 “기기(후두상승강화훈련기)에서 시작 음(삐)이 울리면 뒤통수가 떨어지지 않게 주의하시고 턱을 최대한 몸 방향으로 세게 당기세요.”라고 지시하였다. 이 동작을 3회 측정하여 최대압력과 평균압력을 얻었다&#x003C;<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f001">Figure 1</xref>&#x003E;.</p>
		<fig id="f001" orientation="portrait" position="float">
			<label>그림 1.</label>
			<caption>
				<title>턱 당기기 검사자세</title>
				<p>(좌 : 기본자세, 우 : 턱 당기기 자세)</p>
				<p>Figure 1. Posture in chin-tuck</p>
				<p>(left : starting posture, right : chin-tuck)</p>
			</caption>
			<graphic xlink:href="../ingestImageView?artiId=ART002581792&amp;imageName=jkits_2020_15_02_235_f001.jpg" position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple"></graphic>
		</fig>
		<p>입 벌리기 역시 턱 당기기와 같이 3회 측정하였고 작업치료사의 지시 방법은 “시작 음(삐)이 울리면 고개를 움직이지 않고 도구가 휠 수 있도록 입을 최대한 벌리세요.”라고 하였다&#x003C;<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f002">Figure 2</xref>&#x003E;.</p>
		<fig id="f002" orientation="portrait" position="float">
			<label>그림 2.</label>
			<caption>
				<title>입 벌리기 검사자세</title>
				<p>(좌 : 시작자세, 우 : 입 벌리기 자세)</p>
				<p>Figure 2. Posture in jaw-opening</p>
				<p>(left : starting posture, right : jaw-opening)</p>
			</caption>
			<graphic xlink:href="../ingestImageView?artiId=ART002581792&amp;imageName=jkits_2020_15_02_235_f002.jpg" position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple"></graphic>
		</fig>
	</sec>
	<sec id="sec002-4">
		<title>2.4 분석방법</title>
		<p>수집한 자료는 SPSS 22.0 version을 이용하여 분석하였다. 대상자의 성별, 나이, 그리고 턱 당기기와 입 벌리기의 평균 및 최대 압력은 빈도분석을 통해 확인하였다. 성별에 따른 나이와 턱 당기기, 입 벌리기의 압력 비교는 독립 t 검정으로 분석하였다. 나이, 턱 당기기의 최댓값, 평균값과 입 벌리기의 최댓값, 평균값 사이의 상관관계를 알아보기 위하여 피어슨 상관분석을 이용하였다. 통계학적 유의수준은 .05로 설정하였다.</p>
	</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="sec003" sec-type="Results">
	<title>3. 결 과</title>
	<sec id="sec003-1">
		<title>3.1 대상자의 일반적 특성</title>
		<table-wrap id="t001">
			<label>표 1.</label>
			<caption>
				<title>대상자의 일반적 특성</title>
				<p>Table 1. General characteristics in subjects</p>
			</caption>
			<table frame="box" rules="rows" width="100%">
<tbody align="center">
<tr>
<td colspan="2" rowspan="2">　　　　</td>
<td colspan="2">Subjects(n=137)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mean±SD</td>
<td>n(%)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">Gender　</td>
<td>Male</td>
<td>　</td>
<td>68(49.6)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Female</td>
<td>　</td>
<td>69(50.4)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">Age (years)</td>
<td>52.0±19.6</td>
<td>　</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">Chin-tuck (mean)</td>
<td>1622.09±567.12</td>
<td>　</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">Chin-tuck (peak)</td>
<td>2073.61±682.96</td>
<td>　</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">Jaw-opening (mean)</td>
<td>1431.17±512.32</td>
<td>　</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">Jaw-opening (peak)</td>
<td>1727.57±594.23</td>
<td>　</td>
</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
		</table-wrap>
		<p>연구에 참여한 대상자의 성별은 남자가 68명(49.6%), 여자가 69명(50.4%)이었다. 대상자의 나이 평균은 52.0±19.6세로 나타났으며, 턱 당기기와 입 벌리기의 압력은 &#x003C;<xref ref-type="table" rid="t001">표 1</xref>&#x003E;과 같다(<xref ref-type="table" rid="t001">Table 1</xref>).</p>
	</sec>
	<sec id="sec003-2">
		<title>3.2 성별에 따른 나이, 턱 당기기 및 입 벌리기의 압력 비교</title>
		<p>성별에 따른 나이는 유의한 차이가 없었다(p&#x003E;.05). 턱 당기기 평균값과 최댓값은 유의한 차이가 없었다(p&#x003E;.05). 입 벌리기의 평균값과 최댓값은 남자가 여자보다 유의하게 높은 수준을 나타냈다(p&#x003C;.05)(<xref ref-type="table" rid="t002">Table 2</xref>).</p>
		<table-wrap id="t002">
			<label>표 2.</label>
			<caption>
				<title>성별에 따른 나이, 턱 당기기, 입 벌리기 압력 비교</title>
				<p>Table 2. Comparison of pressure of chin-tuck and jaw-opening according to gender</p>
			</caption>
			<table frame="box" rules="rows" width="100%">
<tbody align="center">
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td>Male(n=68)</td>
<td>Female(n=69)</td>
<td>p　</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Age (years)</td>
<td>51.6</td>
<td>52.4</td>
<td>.822</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">Chin-tuck (mean)</td>
<td>1716.1</td>
<td>1529.5</td>
<td>.054</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>±625.3</td>
<td>±490.4</td>
<td>　</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">Chin-tuck (peak)</td>
<td>2177.1</td>
<td>1917.6</td>
<td>.078</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>±773.2</td>
<td>±568.0</td>
<td>　</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">Jaw-opening (mean)</td>
<td>1522.9</td>
<td>1349.8</td>
<td>.037*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>±520.8</td>
<td>±490.9</td>
<td>　</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">Jaw-opening (peak)</td>
<td>1840.3</td>
<td>1616.5</td>
<td>.027*</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>±602.0</td>
<td>±569.1</td>
<td>　</td>
</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<table-wrap-foot><p>Note: Value are expressed as mean±SD.</p>
<p>p&lt;.05*</p>
</table-wrap-foot>
		</table-wrap>
	</sec>
	<sec id="sec003-3">
		<title>3.3 나이, 턱 당기기 및 입 벌리기의 압력 사이의 상관관계</title>
		<p>나이는 턱 당기기 및 입 벌리기 압력 사이의 유의한 음의 상관을 나타냈다(p&#x003C;.05). 턱 당기기 및 입 벌리기의 압력 수치는 높은 양의 상관관계를 보였다(p&#x003C;.05)(<xref ref-type="table" rid="t003">Table 3</xref>).</p>
		<table-wrap id="t003">
			<label>표 3.</label>
			<caption>
				<title>나이, 턱 당기기, 입 벌리기 압력 사이의 상관관계</title>
				<p>Table 3. Relationship of age, pressure of chin-tuck and jaw-opening (n=137)</p>
			</caption>
			<table frame="box" rules="rows" width="100%">
<tbody align="center">
<tr>
<td>　</td>
<td>Age</td>
<td>Chin-tuck(mean)</td>
<td>Chin-tuck(peak)</td>
<td>Jaw-opening(mean)</td>
<td>Jaw-opening(peak)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Age (years)</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>　</td>
<td>　</td>
<td>　</td>
<td>　</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chin-tuck (mean)</td>
<td>-.428***</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>　</td>
<td>　</td>
<td>　</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chin-tuck (peak)</td>
<td>-.488***</td>
<td>.944***</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>　</td>
<td>　</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jaw-opening (mean)</td>
<td>-.441***</td>
<td>.815***</td>
<td>.781***</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>　</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jaw-opening (peak)</td>
<td>-.473***</td>
<td>.798***</td>
<td>.813***</td>
<td>.957***</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<table-wrap-foot><p>Note: Values are expressed as Pearson correlation coefficient.</p>
<p>p&lt;.001***</p>
</table-wrap-foot>
		</table-wrap>
		<table-wrap id="t004">
			<label>표 4.</label>
			<caption>
				<title>건강한 성인의 나이별 턱 당기기와 입 벌리기 압력 기준값</title>
				<p>Table 4. Reference values of pressure of chin-tuck and jaw-opening according to age in healthy adults (n=137)</p>
			</caption>
			<table frame="box" rules="rows" width="100%">
<tbody align="center">
<tr>
<td rowspan="3">　　</td>
<td rowspan="3">　N　</td>
<td rowspan="3">Age(years)　</td>
<td rowspan="3">Mean(hPa)　</td>
<td rowspan="3">SD(hPa)　</td>
<td colspan="5">Percentiles</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>90</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="5">(hPa)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="7">Chin-tuck(mean)</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>20-29</td>
<td>2037.6 </td>
<td>648.8 </td>
<td>1012.0 </td>
<td>1668.8 </td>
<td>2118.5 </td>
<td>2354.8 </td>
<td>3040.0 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>18</td>
<td>30-39</td>
<td>1767.2 </td>
<td>431.6 </td>
<td>1221.5 </td>
<td>1416.8 </td>
<td>1717.5 </td>
<td>2118.0 </td>
<td>2297.4 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>19</td>
<td>40-49</td>
<td>1752.0 </td>
<td>644.0 </td>
<td>1031.0 </td>
<td>1194.0 </td>
<td>1640.0 </td>
<td>2245.0 </td>
<td>2968.0 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>21</td>
<td>50-59</td>
<td>1533.2 </td>
<td>423.7 </td>
<td>965.6 </td>
<td>1197.5 </td>
<td>1513.0 </td>
<td>1889.0 </td>
<td>2154.8 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>23</td>
<td>60-69</td>
<td>1417.2 </td>
<td>466.2 </td>
<td>815.6 </td>
<td>1002.0 </td>
<td>1386.0 </td>
<td>1725.0 </td>
<td>2123.2 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>19</td>
<td>70-79</td>
<td>1390.3 </td>
<td>528.1 </td>
<td>755.0 </td>
<td>894.0 </td>
<td>1231.0 </td>
<td>1887.0 </td>
<td>2217.0 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>13</td>
<td>&#x2267; 80</td>
<td>1309.2 </td>
<td>383.7 </td>
<td>717.0 </td>
<td>1132.0 </td>
<td>1258.0 </td>
<td>1489.0 </td>
<td>1997.0 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="7">Chin-tuck(peak)</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>20-29</td>
<td>2685.5 </td>
<td>892.7 </td>
<td>1324.5 </td>
<td>2241.0 </td>
<td>2574.5 </td>
<td>3300.0 </td>
<td>3935.5 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>18</td>
<td>30-39</td>
<td>2296.3 </td>
<td>493.4 </td>
<td>1699.2 </td>
<td>1813.5 </td>
<td>2262.0 </td>
<td>2740.3 </td>
<td>3031.0 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>19</td>
<td>40-49</td>
<td>2087.7 </td>
<td>627.3 </td>
<td>1416.0 </td>
<td>1555.0 </td>
<td>1974.0 </td>
<td>2446.0 </td>
<td>3438.0 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>21</td>
<td>50-59</td>
<td>1992.6 </td>
<td>500.5 </td>
<td>1392.6 </td>
<td>1599.5 </td>
<td>1912.0 </td>
<td>2378.0 </td>
<td>2813.2 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>23</td>
<td>60-69</td>
<td>1823.8 </td>
<td>472.6 </td>
<td>1176.6 </td>
<td>1397.0 </td>
<td>1800.0 </td>
<td>2062.0 </td>
<td>2649.4 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>19</td>
<td>70-79</td>
<td>1753.7 </td>
<td>588.7 </td>
<td>924.0 </td>
<td>1254.0 </td>
<td>1569.0 </td>
<td>2444.0 </td>
<td>2564.0 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>13</td>
<td>&#x2267; 80</td>
<td>1655.4 </td>
<td>413.2 </td>
<td>859.2 </td>
<td>1531.5 </td>
<td>1721.0 </td>
<td>1885.5 </td>
<td>2222.0 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="7">Jaw-opening(mean)</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>20-29</td>
<td>1904.7 </td>
<td>552.0 </td>
<td>931.5 </td>
<td>1575.3 </td>
<td>1901.0 </td>
<td>2220.5 </td>
<td>2629.0 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>18</td>
<td>30-39</td>
<td>1464.8 </td>
<td>431.0 </td>
<td>951.7 </td>
<td>1158.3 </td>
<td>1274.5 </td>
<td>1926.5 </td>
<td>2020.9 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>19</td>
<td>40-49</td>
<td>1429.8 </td>
<td>488.4 </td>
<td>897.0 </td>
<td>988.0 </td>
<td>1271.0 </td>
<td>1985.0 </td>
<td>2193.0 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>21</td>
<td>50-59</td>
<td>1336.0 </td>
<td>502.1 </td>
<td>831.2 </td>
<td>898.0 </td>
<td>1303.0 </td>
<td>1575.5 </td>
<td>2242.2 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>23</td>
<td>60-69</td>
<td>1326.3 </td>
<td>445.9 </td>
<td>747.0 </td>
<td>1052.0 </td>
<td>1227.0 </td>
<td>1683.0 </td>
<td>1982.2 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>19</td>
<td>70-79</td>
<td>1311.9 </td>
<td>343.7 </td>
<td>867.0 </td>
<td>985.0 </td>
<td>1260.0 </td>
<td>1562.0 </td>
<td>1803.0 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>13</td>
<td>&#x2267; 80</td>
<td>1025.9 </td>
<td>346.9 </td>
<td>689.6 </td>
<td>721.0 </td>
<td>921.0 </td>
<td>1189.0 </td>
<td>1709.6 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="7">Jaw-opening(peak)</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>20-29</td>
<td>2276.1 </td>
<td>603.5 </td>
<td>1233.0 </td>
<td>1934.0 </td>
<td>2341.5 </td>
<td>2598.0 </td>
<td>3024.0 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>18</td>
<td>30-39</td>
<td>1793.2 </td>
<td>563.6 </td>
<td>1129.7 </td>
<td>1372.0 </td>
<td>1525.0 </td>
<td>2495.3 </td>
<td>2667.6 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>19</td>
<td>40-49</td>
<td>1701.6 </td>
<td>580.3 </td>
<td>1077.0 </td>
<td>1230.0 </td>
<td>1512.0 </td>
<td>2234.0 </td>
<td>2675.0 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>21</td>
<td>50-59</td>
<td>1682.3 </td>
<td>570.4 </td>
<td>951.8 </td>
<td>1148.0 </td>
<td>1700.0 </td>
<td>1952.0 </td>
<td>2649.6 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>23</td>
<td>60-69</td>
<td>1648.8 </td>
<td>456.3 </td>
<td>987.4 </td>
<td>1352.0 </td>
<td>1597.0 </td>
<td>1943.0 </td>
<td>2296.6 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>19</td>
<td>70-79</td>
<td>1513.1 </td>
<td>410.3 </td>
<td>1022.0 </td>
<td>1123.0 </td>
<td>1533.0 </td>
<td>1924.0 </td>
<td>2045.0 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>13</td>
<td>&#x2267; 80</td>
<td>1187.9 </td>
<td>398.9 </td>
<td>795.2 </td>
<td>868.0 </td>
<td>1067.0 </td>
<td>1345.0 </td>
<td>1985.0 </td>
</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
		</table-wrap>
	</sec>
	<sec id="sec003-4">
		<title>3.4 나이, 턱 당기기, 입 벌리기 압력의 표준수치</title>
		<p>연구 대상자의 나이에 따른 턱 당기기, 입 벌리기의 압력 평균값과 최댓값을 표준화하였다. 나이별 집단의 비중은 20대가 17.5%, 30대 13.1%, 40대 13.9%, 50대 15.3%, 60대 16.8%, 70대 13.9%, 80대 이상 9.5%이었다. 나이가 증가함에 따라 평균값과 최댓값의 압력은 줄어드는 경향을 보여주고 있다(<xref ref-type="table" rid="t004">Table 4</xref>).</p>
	</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="sec004">
	<title>4. 논 의</title>
	<p>본 연구는 건강한 성인을 대상으로 나이, 성별에 따른 턱 당기기와 입 벌리기 압력 수치를 비교하였으며, 대상자의 나이에 따른 표준화를 수행하였다.</p>
	<p>본 연구에서 성별에 따라 입 벌리기의 압력에 대한 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이전 연구[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B018">18</xref>]에서 입 벌림 강도 검사기를 이용하여 남자와 여성의 평균힘은 각각 4.95±2.93kg과 4.06±1.78kg로 수치상 남자가 여자보다 높게 나왔지만 유의하지 않았다. 하지만 본 연구에서는 입 벌리기 동안 후두상승강화훈련기 압력의 최댓값과 평균값 모두 남자가 여자보다 유의하게 높은 수준을 보였다. 그 이유로는 첫 번째, 근육량과 신체질량지수의 차이에 따른 구강 안면 근력이 차이가 있을 수 있다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B019">19</xref>]. 두 번째, 여자가 남자보다 더 높은 턱관절 장애 발병률을 보이고 있는데, 이는 성 호르몬이나 통증조절기전 같은 생리적인 요인과 정신사회적인 요인과 관련되어 있다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B020">20</xref>]. 그에 따른 턱 관절 장애에 대한 위험 요소가 내제되어 있기 때문에 본 연구의 결과가 나타날 수 있다.</p>
	<p>턱 당기기의 압력 값은 남자가 여자보다 수치상으로 더 높았지만 유의한 차이는 아니었다. 턱 당기기와 다른 결과가 나타난 이유는 성별에 따른 유연성 차이로 생각한다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B021">21</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B023">23</xref>]. 일반적으로 남자보다 여자가 유연성이 좋은 것으로 알려져 있고 실제로 많은 연구들이 이를 증명한다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B021">21</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B023">23</xref>]. 턱 당기기는 경추의 정렬이 펴지고(cervical extension) 머리가 굽혀지는(capital flexion) 자세이다. 머리를 굽힐 때, 여자가 남자보다 근력이 약하더라도 넓은 관절가동범위가 나타나 후두상승강화훈련기의 압력판을 더 깊게 압박할 수 있다.</p>
	<p>본 연구에서는 나이가 증가함에 따라 턱 당기기와 입 벌리기에 대한 압력이 감소하였다. 이는 노화에 따른 근육량 및 근력이 감소되어 나타난 결과로 생각된다. 근력과 근육량은 30대부터 감소가 시작되는데[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B021">21</xref>], 이는 턱 당기기와 입 벌리기 압력 기준값 결과에서 두 과제 모두 40대부터 압력값이 감소하기 시작하는 것으로 보아 이전 연구의 결과[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B021">21</xref>]를 지지한다.</p>
	<p>본 연구는 삼킴장애 환자에게 흔히 적용하는 치료적 전략인 저항성 턱 당기기 및 입 벌리기에 대한 나이별 기준값 제시가 목적이었다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 삼킴재활을 수행하고 있는 작업치료사들이 임상에서 건강한 성인의 표준치와 환자의 수치를 비교하여 삼킴재활에 도움이 될 수 있을것이다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B024">24</xref>]. 추후에는 후두상승강화훈련기 두께의 차이에 대한 연구와 그에 따른 내장된 프로그램의 표준화 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.</p>
	<p>연구의 제한점으로는 표준화를 실시하였으나, 대상자 수의 부족은 여전하다. 그러므로 추후 더 많은 대상자를 모집하여 연구할 필요가 있다.</p>
	<p>결론으로, 같은 성별에서 나이별 압력 차이는 없었지만 성별에 따른 압력 값은 남자가 더 높은 수치를 나타났고 남녀 모두 턱 당기기와 입 벌리기의 압력 값은 정적 상관이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 향후 임상에 있는 작업치료사들이 후두상승강화훈련기를 사용할 때 본 연구의 자료를 사용하여 턱 당기기와 입 벌리기의 압력 값을 보다 정확하게 평가하고 환자의 나이와 성별을 고려한 훈련이 이루어지길 기대한다.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
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<bio>
	<p><graphic xlink:href="../ingestImageView?artiId=ART002581792&amp;imageName=jkits_2020_15_02_235_f003.jpg"></graphic><bold>Jong-Hoon Moon</bold> received the M.S. degree in the Department of Occupational Therapy from Gachon University in 2017. He has been a professor in the Department of Occupational Therapy at Kyungdong University since 2020. His current research interests include Dysphagia, Healthcare. He is a regular member of the KKITS.</p>
	<p><italic>E-mail address</italic>: <email>garnett231@naver.com</email></p>
	<p><graphic xlink:href="../ingestImageView?artiId=ART002581792&amp;imageName=jkits_2020_15_02_235_f004.jpg"></graphic><bold>Young-Wook Kim</bold> received a bachelor's degree in the Department of Occupational Therapy from Shinsung University in 2019. He has been working as a occupational therapist at Seoul Soong-In Hospital in Seoul since 2017. His current research experiments include Dysphagia, Occupational science, Occupational therapy. He is a regular member of the KKITS.</p>
	<p><italic>E-mail address</italic>: <email>wmfdi555@naver.com</email></p>
	<p><graphic xlink:href="../ingestImageView?artiId=ART002581792&amp;imageName=jkits_2020_15_02_235_f005.jpg"></graphic><bold>Jae-Hyung Kim</bold> received a bachelor's degree in the Department of Occupational Therapy from Shinsung University in 2019. He had worked as a occupattional therapist at Master Hospital in uijeongbu in 2018. His current research experiments include Dysphagia rehabilitation, hand therapy, community rehabilitation. He is a regular member of the KKITS.</p>
	<p><italic>E-mail address</italic>: <email>jaeng2677@gmail.com</email></p>
	<p><graphic xlink:href="../ingestImageView?artiId=ART002581792&amp;imageName=jkits_2020_15_02_235_f006.jpg"></graphic><bold>Yoon-Ji Kim</bold> received the bachelor's degree in the Department of Occupational Therapy from Shinsung University in 2019. Hers current research interests include dysphagia rehabilitation, activity of daily living training, hand therapy. She is a regular member of KKITS.</p>
	<p><italic>E-mail address</italic>: <email>rlarlcnf18@naver.com</email></p>
	<p><graphic xlink:href="../ingestImageView?artiId=ART002581792&amp;imageName=jkits_2020_15_02_235_f007.jpg"></graphic><bold>Seung-A Jeong</bold> received a bachelor's degree in the Department of Occupational Therapy from Shinsung University in 2019. She has been working as a occupational therapist in the Seoul Daehyo Rehabilitation Hospital since 2016. Her current research experiments include Occupational therapy, Dysphagia. She is a regular member of the KKITS.</p>
	<p><italic>E-mail address</italic>: <email>tmddk7820@naver.com</email></p>
	<p><graphic xlink:href="../ingestImageView?artiId=ART002581792&amp;imageName=jkits_2020_15_02_235_f008.jpg"></graphic><bold>Young-Sik Won</bold> received the bachelor’s degree in the Department of Rehabilitation Science from the Yonsei University in 1998. He received the M.S. degree in the Rehabilitation Science from Yonsei University in 2009. He has been a professor in the Department of Occupational Therapy at Shinsung University since 2013. His current research interests include dysphagia rehabilitation, hand therapy, cognition. He is a regular member of the KKITS.</p>
	<p><italic>E-mail address</italic>: <email>otwys9494@naver.com</email></p>
</bio>
</back>
</article>
