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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="ko" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
	<journal-meta>
		<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jkits</journal-id>
		<journal-title-group>
		<journal-title>한국지식정보기술학회 논문지</journal-title>
		<journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Knowledge Information Technology and Systems</journal-title>
		</journal-title-group>
		<issn pub-type="ppub">1975-7700</issn>
		<publisher>
		<publisher-name>한국지식정보기술학회</publisher-name>
		<publisher-name xml:lang="en">Korea Knowledge Information Technology Society</publisher-name>
		</publisher>
	</journal-meta>
	<article-meta>
		<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jkits_2020_15_04_481</article-id>
		<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34163/jkits.2020.15.4.004</article-id>
		<article-categories>
			<subj-group>
				<subject>Research Article</subject>
			</subj-group>
		</article-categories>
		<title-group>
			<article-title>이방성 자성유전체를 이용한 다중 안테나간 결합 저감 효과</article-title>
			<trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
				<trans-title>Effects of Coupling Reduction between Multiple Antennas Using Anisotropic Magneto-Dielectric Materials</trans-title>
			</trans-title-group>
		</title-group>
		<contrib-group>
			<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
				<name-alternatives>
					<name name-style="eastern">
						<surname>김</surname>
						<given-names>용진</given-names>
					</name>
					<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
						<surname>Kim</surname>
						<given-names>Yong Jin</given-names>
					</name>
				</name-alternatives>
				<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn001">*</xref>
			</contrib>
		</contrib-group>
		<aff-alternatives>
			<aff><italic>한국폴리텍IV대학 대전캠퍼스 정보통신시스템과 교수</italic></aff>
			<aff xml:lang="en"><italic>Department of Information &#x26; Communication System, Daejeon Campus, Korea Polytechnics IV</italic></aff>
		</aff-alternatives>
		<author-notes>
			<fn id="fn001"><label>*</label><p>Corresponding author is with the Department of Information &#x26; Communication System, Daejeon Campus, Korea Polytechnics, 352-31 Uam-ro Dong-gu, Daejeon, 34503, KOREA.</p><p><italic>E-mail address</italic>: <email>yjin@kopo.ac.kr</email></p></fn>
		</author-notes>
		<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			<month>08</month>
			<year>2020</year>
		</pub-date>
		<volume>15</volume>
		<issue>4</issue>
		<fpage>481</fpage>
		<lpage>486</lpage>
		<history>
			<date date-type="received">
				<day>16</day>
				<month>07</month>
				<year>2020</year>
			</date>
			<date date-type="rev-recd">
				<day>04</day>
				<month>08</month>
				<year>2020</year>
			</date>
			<date date-type="accepted">
				<day>10</day>
				<month>08</month>
				<year>2020</year>
			</date>
		</history>
		<permissions>
			<copyright-statement>&#x00A9; 2020 KKITS All rights reserved</copyright-statement>
			<copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
		</permissions>
		<abstract>
		<title>요약</title>
		<p>5G 통신이 일반가입자를 대상으로 상용화되었다. 5G가 적용되는 스마트폰의 경우, 고속의 멀티미디어 지원을 위한 안테나 지원 대역폭의 증가로 인해 기존의 2G/3G/4G 셀룰러 대역 안테나 외에 5G용 광대역 다중안테나가 추가 실장 되어야 한다. 그러나 기존 스마트폰의 실장공간에 안테나를 추가 배치할 수 있는 공간은 제한되어 있기에 더 많은 안테나를 탑재하기 위해서는 안테나 집적도가 증가한다. 집적된 다중 안테나의 방사성능을 개선하기 위해서는 안테나간의 결합을 저감시켜야 한다. 본 논문에서는 스마트폰과 같은 디바이스 기판의 제한된 실장공간에 집적된 다중 안테나간의 간섭 저감을 위한 이방성 자성체 유전체의 효과를 사용하여 안테나 결합을 저감하고 방사성능을 개선함을 보인다.</p>
		</abstract>
		<trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
		<title>ABSTRACT</title>
		<p>The world's first 5G mobile service for general subscribers was commercialized in Korea in 2019, and will be commercialized worldwide-scale after this year. As a core infrastructure for the hyper-connected society in the era of the 4th industrial revolution, 5G technology requires more than 1000 times faster transmission speed than 4G LTE. In order to satisfy these requirements, mmWave technology, carrier aggregation technology, and MIMO (Multi Input Multi Output) antenna technology should be applied. The products that 5G technology required above, will be implemented are portable mobile devices such as smart-phones or smart-watches. In case of a smart-phone to which 5G is applied, 5G broadband multi-antenna must be additionally mounted in addition to the existing 2G/3G/4G cellular band antenna for high-speed multimedia support. The 5G frequency band must be additionally implemented in the existing antenna space of a smartphone. So, the antenna integration of 5G smaart-phone increases the coupling between multiple antennas and degrades antenna radiation performance. Therefore, antennas with 5G additional frequency band must be built in the same mounting space, so that antenna density must be increased. In addition, such an increase in the degree of antenna integration increases the coupling between multiple antennas, thereby deteriorating the antenna radiation performance. Therefore, various researches are continuously studied to improve the integration and the radiation performance of the multiple antenna simultaneously. In this paper, it is studied that anisotropic magneto-dielectric materials are effective in improving the coupling reduction between multiple antennas. It is proposed a method that can be applied to 5G MIMO antenna to satisfy the performance requirements.</p>
		</trans-abstract>
		<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author" xml:lang="en">
<title>K E Y W O R D S</title>
			<kwd>Antenna</kwd>
			<kwd>Coupling</kwd>
			<kwd>Magneto-Dielectric</kwd>
			<kwd>MIMO</kwd>
			<kwd>Suppression</kwd>
			<kwd>Anisotropic</kwd>
		</kwd-group>
	</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<sec id="sec001" sec-type="intro">
	<title>1. 서 론</title>
	<p>세계 최초로 일반 가입자 대상의 5G 모바일 서비스가 2019년 한국에서 시작되었고 올해 이후 본격적으로 전 세계에서 상용화 될 것이다. 이를 계기로 4차 산업혁명시대의 초연결 사회를 위한 핵심인프라로써 5G 기술은 4G LTE보다 1000배 이상 빠른 전송속도를 요구한다. 이러한 요구조건을 만족하기 위해서는 초고주파 주파수대역 활용기술, 캐리어집성기술, MIMO(Multi Input Multi Output) 안테나 기술 등이 적용되어야 한다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B001">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B004">4</xref>].</p>
	<p>앞서 요구되는 5G 기술이 구현되는 제품은 스마트폰 또는 스마트와치 같은 휴대형 모바일 장치이다. 5G가 적용되는 스마트폰의 경우, 고속의 멀티미디어 지원을 위한 안테나 지원 대역폭의 증가로 인해 기존의 2G/3G/4G 셀룰러 대역 안테나 외에 5G용 광대역 다중안테나가 추가 실장 되어야 한다. 그러나 기존 스마트폰의 실장공간에 안테나를 추가 배치할 수 있는 공간은 제한되어 있기에 더 많은 안테나를 탑재하기 위해서는 안테나 집적도가 증가한다. 이러한 안테나 집적도의 증가는 다중 안테나간의 결합이 증대되어 안테나 방사 성능을 저하시킨다. 따라서 다중 안테나의 집적도 증가에 따른 안테나간의 결합을 낮추어 방사성능을 개선하기 위한 여러 연구가 이루어지고 있다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B005">5</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B008">8</xref>].</p>
	<p>본 논문에서는 시뮬레이션을 통해 스마트폰과 같은 모바일 디바이스의 PCB 실장공간에 집적된 Inverted-L 구조를 갖는 다중안테나간의 결합정도를 분석하고 추가로 자성유전체를 사용한 다중안테나간 결합정도를 비교 분석한다 분석결과에서 나타나는 자성유전체의 결합 저감효과를 통해 다중안테나의 방사성능을 개선하고 4G보다 높은 주파수를 사용하는 5G 안테나의 방사성능을 확보할 수 있는 기반을 제시한다.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec002">
	<title>2. 다중안테나 간섭 저감</title>
	<sec id="sec002-1">
		<title>2.1 이방성 물질 특성</title>
		<p>이방성 물질(anisotropic materials) 이란 x, y, z축 방향에서 유전율(<italic>ε<sub>r</sub></italic>) 또는 투자율(<italic>μ<sub>r</sub></italic>) 값이 각각 다른 물질이다. 일반적으로 자성유전체(magnetodielectric material)가 이방성 특성을 가지며, 대부분 자성유전체의 투자율(permeability)이 이방성 특성을 갖는다. 또한 이방성 물질의 축 방향에 따른 일반적인 주파수 특성이 &#x003C;<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f001">그림 1</xref>&#x003E;과 같이 나타난다. 여기서 투자율의 허수부는 손실을 의미한다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B009">9</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B010">10</xref>].</p>
		<fig id="f001" orientation="portrait" position="float">
			<label>그림 1.</label>
			<caption>
				<title>자성체 투자율</title>
				<p>Figure 1. Permeability of Magnetic Materials</p>
			</caption>
			<graphic xlink:href="../ingestImageView?artiId=ART002617132&amp;imageName=jkits_2020_15_04_481_f001.jpg" position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple"></graphic>
		</fig>
		<p>주파수가 증가함에 따라 투자율의 허수부가 급격히 높아지는 특성이 나타나는데 이는 자성유전체의 손실이 급격히 증가함을 나타낸다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B011">11</xref>].</p>
		<p>높은 주파수에서 자성유전체의 손실이 증가하는 단점에도 불구하고 손실을 수용가능한 일정한 값 이하로 만들 수 있다면 자성유전체의 비투자율(relative permeability) <italic>μ<sub>r</sub></italic>의 실수부가 1보다 큰 특성을 이용하여 안테나 소형화, 넓은 주파수 대역, 광대역 임피던스 매칭 등 많은 장점을 얻을 수 있다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B012">12</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B013">13</xref>].</p>
	</sec>
	<sec id="sec002-2">
		<title>2.2 안테나 구조</title>
		<p>다중 안테나간의 간섭 저감을 연구하기 위해 사용한 안테나 구조는  &#x003C;<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f002">그림 2</xref>&#x003E;와 같다. 안테나 구조는 50mm*100mm의 GND 크기를 가지는 FR4 기판위에 두 개의 ILA(Inverted-L Antenna) 구조의 λ/4 monopole 안테나를 대칭 형태로 배치한다.</p>
		<p>ILA안테나 &#x003C;<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f002a">그림 2a</xref>&#x003E;의 Type1은 0.5pF 병렬 커패시터와 1nH 직렬 인덕터를 적용한 매칭회로를사용하는 기준 안테나이다. &#x003C;<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f002b">그림 2b</xref>&#x003E;의 Type2는 안테나 사이에 λ/2 길이의 Slit을 적용한 구조이다. &#x003C;<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f002c">그림 2c</xref>&#x003E;의 Type3는 Type2 안테나의 Slit상에 이방성 자성유전체를 실장한 구조이다. Type3 안테나 구조에서 사용한 이방성 자성유전체는 44*5*5mm의 블록(block)형태이며, 이방성 자성유전체의 유전율과 투자율 특성은 &#x003C;<xref ref-type="table" rid="t001">표 1</xref>&#x003E;과 같다[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B014">14</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B015">15</xref>].</p>
<table-wrap id="t001">
	<label>표 1.</label>
	<caption>
		<title>이방성 자성유전체 특성</title>
		<p>Table1 . Properties of Amisotropic MD Materials</p>
	</caption>
	<table frame="box" rules="all" width="100%">
<tbody align="center">
<tr align="center" style="background: #4d78c9">
<td rowspan="2"><italic>ε<sub>r</sub></italic></td>
<td colspan="3"><italic>μ<sub>r</sub></italic></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background: #4d78c9">
<td><italic>μ<sub>rx</sub></italic></td>
<td><italic>μ<sub>ry</sub></italic></td>
<td><italic>μ<sub>rz</sub></italic></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>
</table-wrap>
<fig-group id="f002">
	<label>그림 2.</label>
	<caption>
		<title> ILA 안테나</title>
		<p>Figure 2. ILA antenna</p>
	</caption>
	<fig id="f002a" orientation="portrait" position="float">
		<label>(a)</label>
		<caption>
			<title>Type1</title>
		</caption>
		<graphic xlink:href="../ingestImageView?artiId=ART002617132&amp;imageName=jkits_2020_15_04_481_f002a.jpg" position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple"></graphic>
	</fig>
	<fig id="f002b" orientation="portrait" position="float">
		<label>(b)</label>
		<caption>
			<title>Type2</title>
		</caption>
		<graphic xlink:href="../ingestImageView?artiId=ART002617132&amp;imageName=jkits_2020_15_04_481_f002b.jpg" position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple"></graphic>
		</fig>
	<fig id="f002c" orientation="portrait" position="float">
		<label>(c)</label>
		<caption>
			<title>Type3</title>
		</caption>
		<graphic xlink:href="../ingestImageView?artiId=ART002617132&amp;imageName=jkits_2020_15_04_481_f002c.jpg" position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple"></graphic>
	</fig>
</fig-group>
	</sec>
	<sec id="sec002-3">
		<title>2.3 시뮬레이션 결과</title>
		<p>본 절에서는 앞서 2.2절에서 제시한 Type별 안테나구조와 이방성 자성유전체 특성값을 활용하여 이방성 자성유전체가 다중안테나의 방사성능과 간섭저감 성능에 미치는 효과에 대해 살펴본다. 이를 위해 Ansoft사의 HFSS 시뮬레이션을 이용한다.</p>
		<p>&#x003C;<xref ref-type="table" rid="t002">표 2</xref>&#x003E;는 안테나 Type별 방사특성에 대한 시뮬레이션 결과이다. 여기서 &#x003C;<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f002">그림 2</xref>&#x003E;의 Type1 안테나의 방사효율은 –0.41dB이고 Type2와 Type3 안테나의 방사효율은 각각 –0.04dB와 –0.05dB이다.</p>
<table-wrap id="t002">
	<label>표 2.</label>
	<caption>
				<title>안테나 방사특성</title>
				<p>Table2 . Antenna Radiation characteristics</p>
	</caption>
	<table frame="box" rules="all" width="100%">
	<tbody>
		<tr align="center" style="background: lightgrey"><td><graphic xlink:href="../ingestImageView?artiId=ART002617132&amp;imageName=jkits_2020_15_04_481_t002.jpg" position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple"></graphic></td></tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>
</table-wrap>
<fig-group id="f003">
		<label>그림 3.</label>
		<caption>
			<title>시뮬레이션 결과</title>
			<p>Figure 3. Simulation Results</p>
		</caption>
	<fig id="f003a" orientation="portrait" position="float">
		<label>(a)</label>
		<caption>
			<title>VSWR.</title>
		</caption>
		<graphic xlink:href="../ingestImageView?artiId=ART002617132&amp;imageName=jkits_2020_15_04_481_f003a.jpg" position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple"></graphic>
	</fig>
	<fig id="f003b" orientation="portrait" position="float">
		<label>(b)</label>
		<caption>
			<title>Coupling characteristics.</title>
		</caption>
		<graphic xlink:href="../ingestImageView?artiId=ART002617132&amp;imageName=jkits_2020_15_04_481_f003b.jpg" position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple"></graphic>
	</fig>
</fig-group>
		<p>&#x003C;<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f003">그림 3</xref>&#x003E;은 각 Type별 안테나 구조에서 주파수에 대한 VSWR과 결합특성(coupling characteristics)을 나타낸다.</p>
		<p>&#x003C;<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f003a">그림 3a</xref>&#x003E;는 안테나 Type별 VSWR특성을 나타내고 주파수 1.5GHz에서 공진 특성을 보인다. 특히, λ/2 길이의 Slit을 갖는 Type2와 Type3 안테나가 기준인 Type1 안테나보다 좋은 VSWR 특성값을 보여준다.</p>
		<p>&#x003C;<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f003b">그림 3b</xref>&#x003E;는 Type별 ANT1과 ANT2간의 결합 특성(coupling characteristics)을 보여준다. 안테나의 간섭 저감을 위해서는 두 안테나간의 결합특성이 낮아야 한다. 매칭소자를 사용한 Type1 안테나 구조에서는 공진주파수인 1.5GHz에서 ANT1과 ANT2 사이의 결합 특성값이 –3.9dB이다. λ/2 slit을 갖는 Type2 안테나 구조에서는 공진주파수에서 결합 특성값이 –10.2dB이다. 그리고 λ/2 slit상에 이방성 자성유전체를 추가한 Type3 안테나는 공진주파수에서 –11.1dB의 결합 특성값을 나타내어 Type3 안테나가 가장 좋은 간섭 저감 특성을 보인다.</p>
	</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="sec003" sec-type="Conclusion">
	<title>3. 결 론</title>
	<p>본 논문에서는 λ /2 길이의 Slit구조가 안테나 간 결합 특성 개선 효과가 있으며 이방성 자성유전체를 함께 적용함으로써 다중안테나간의 간섭특성을 더욱 개선할 수 있음을 보였다. 따라서 MIMO 안테나와 같은 다중안테나에 이러한 이방성 자성 유전체를 구현하고 적용한다면 더욱 우수한 성능의 5G용 MIMO 안테나 제작을 할 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 향후 보다 개선된 이방성 자성유전체 제작을 통하여 본 논문에서 살펴본 시뮬레이션 결과와 실제 측정결과와의 비교 연구가 필요하다.</p>
</sec>
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<bio>
	<p><graphic xlink:href="../ingestImageView?artiId=ART002617132&amp;imageName=jkits_2020_15_04_481_f004.jpg"></graphic><bold>Yong Jin Kim</bold> received the bachelor’s degree in the Department of Electronic Communication Engineering from the Dongeui University in 1994. He received the M.S. degree and the Ph.D. degree in the Department of Electronic Communication Engineering from Hanyang University in 1996 and 2002, respectively. From 2002 to 2015, he was a principal engineer of Antenna Group at Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. He has been a professor in the Department of Information &#x26; Communication System at Korea Polytechnics since 2015. His current research interests include antenna, RF/Microwave devices and materials. He is a member of the KKITS.</p>
	<p><italic>E-mail address</italic>: <email>yjin@jkopo.ac.kr</email></p>
</bio>
</back>
</article>
