2003, Vol.1, No.1

Civil Society and NGO 2024 KCI Impact Factor : 0.84

pISSN : 1599-8568
https://journal.kci.go.kr/civil&NGO

This study aims to identify volunteering as civic participation through analyses of motives and determinants of the volunteering in cases of the married. In other words, this study is to show that the volunteering in Korea is to be understood not merely as non-political ‘humanitarianservice’ which is based on altruistic motives and personal resources but as civic participation. It is generally expected that people would participate in volunteering as leisure activity out of altruistic motives. But crossing over the limited boundary of service oriented volunteering, this study shows that those who actually take part in the volunteering regard obligatory motives, especially,civil obligation as more important. And this study shows that the participation in economic activity or other social association has stronger influence on the participation in volunteering than personal resources such as time, money and civic skills. According to the social capital theory, civil obligation,solidarity and social network which is provided by social associations is very determinantin the contemporary democracy and civic participation. Showing that volunteering are more influenced by the participation in such associations than by personal resources, the results of this study implicate that volunteering is can be an index of democratic civic participation.

U.S’ Iraq attack which doesn’t have any justification on 3. 2003 causes a lot of anti-war and peace movement against to U.S in all of the world. In the S. Korea, the anti-war and peace movement which combine with existing candle demonstration explored like a volcano which has never happened before. The purpose of this thesis is looking for a safety appliance for keep the peace in Northeast Asia and Korea peninsula which were influenced by Korean’s desire for peace. It is related with a denuclearization and peace movement which are happening these days. We are going to consider about movement in the civil society of Japan which has been always trying to make a Nuclear Weapons Free Zone of Northeast Asia. And as a pecific way, we are going to study what is the condition and the possibility of the Korean civil society which can join the Japanese civil society’s movement for keep the peace. In this thesis, I would like to arrange how have the Japanese civil society who is always reacting very negative on nuclear problem, kept the peace of the Japan, as a unique way; The declaration of denuclearization and peace city, The prohibition movement of atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, The Kobe’s proposal about denuclearization. In addition, basis on that movement, we are going to find the way how can we participate in set the peace system on Northeast Asia and consider with ‘Nuclear Weapons Free Zone of Northeast Asia’proposal which was presented by Japanese civil society for set the peace on Northeast Asia as a world wide value.

Japanese civil movement shifted to the civil activity from 1970’s. The reasons of this change are the end of the cold war internationally and the defeat of reformist local self-governing bodies internally. Civil activity lays stress on the relationship with society, but civil movement pursues the solution of social problem with political purpose or ideology. Therefore, the shift from civil movement to civil activity in Japanese civil society means the weakening of political factor. This paper focuses on the two points. The one is the change of the concept of civil engagement, and the other is women as the subject of civil activity. Japanese government stood for ‘Japanese Welfare Society’ in the early 1980’s, but since the beginning of 1990’s, the slogan was changed to the ‘Participant Welfare Society’. ‘Japanese welfare society’ of 1980’s was based on the neo-liberalism, and it emphasized the role and responsibility of individual, family, company, and local community. On the other hand, ‘Participant Welfare Society’from 1990’s is focused on the volunteerism. But the meaning of civil engagement in the ‘Participant Welfare Society’ implies the voluntary sector participates as the provider of social welfare services instead of public sector. The characteristics of Japanese civil society could be summarized in these three points. Firstly, the women, especially the households, take a major portion of the voluntary sector in Japan. Secondly, Japanese civil society stands on the basis of the civil activity groups which pursued the amenity in the local community. Thirdly, the main fields of civil activities in Japanese voluntary sector are health, welfare, and medical part, because of the increase of social welfare service needs that come from the rapid advance of aging.