2016, Vol.14, No.1

Civil Society and NGO 2024 KCI Impact Factor : 0.84

pISSN : 1599-8568
https://journal.kci.go.kr/civil&NGO

This article is to study laws and institutions relating social sphere of Korean civil society in state-building period(1945-1960). In order to analyze and explain them the ICNPO categorization is used. Among them, especially, health system, religious system and laws on veterans' association, animal welfare, atomic power, aid, refugee, and the Red Cross Society are focused. Their building process and development are examined and compared with their former history. This study shows that, first, health systems developed rapidly by the US military government. Second, the veterans' association was organized because the government needed more soldiers during Korean War. Third, Korean people did not realize the importance of animal welfare. Fourth, Korean government and people thought that atomic power was dangerous but also tried to make good use of it. Lastly, history of the Red Cross Society showed extraordinary relations between the state and civil society. Consequently, this study reveals that in that period the state established systems and laws, in some cases, not to aid or offer social service to people in civil society but to use them to keep or enhance its power and influence on civil society.

This article aims to examine the history of institutions during the industrial period(1961-1986) in Korea which are called vaccum in the research on civil society. The findings of this research can be summarized. First, constitution in that time, even it lost legitimacy and justification, strongly formed structures and contents of civil society. Most obvious and recent grounds of this assertion was 'free and democratic basic order' article newly inserted in the Yushin constitution. This article of Korean Constitution decisively effected dissolving of the Unified Progressive Party by the constitutional court in 2013. Second, the relations between state and social groups in that period applied to Licenced Corporatism. Authoritarian state in the industrial period controled and organized various associations through the regulation of donation collections and registration law of social groups. Third, law and institutional division appeared in this period which imposed regulation respectively on the political parties and social groups. Add to conclude, the constitution in these periods forged Free and Democratic Basic Order that structurely reduced idealogical base of civil society and related laws fixed licence system which dominated foundations and actions of groups.

Today corporate social responsibility(CSR) is increasingly emerging as an issue that demands a response both from business and academic communities. In this study, I seek to explain the history of CSR in Korea. This study aims to understand how CSR is defined in Korea, both in terms of its conceptualization and the guiding rationale and factors that influence its formation. This study utilized sociological perspectives in order to explain the nature and the history of CSR in Korea in terms of rhetoric. Periodical study of institutional arrangements and CSR in Korea reveals that the form and function of its CSR institutional arrangements may differ in terms of how businesses adopt and respond to them: before the 2000s, companies remained in a stage of a state-oriented CSR for the sake of legitimacy, while after the economic crisis, companies have tried to implement strategic CSR as a means of gaining profit (based on the logic of commodity).