fNIRS Hyperscanning of Right-brain Synchronization between Therapist-client in Sandplay Therapy (모래놀이치료에서 치료자-내담자 우뇌 간(inter-brains) 동시화(synchronization)현상에 관한 fNIRS 하이퍼스캐닝 연구)

Jang, Mi Kyung (장미경); Allan N. Schore; Lee, sehwa (이세화); Lee, Yeoreum (이여름); 김소명; 권미라

fNIRS Hyperscanning of Right-brain Synchronization between Therapist-client in Sandplay Therapy

Journal of Symbols & Sandplay Therapy
Abbr : JSST
2023, 14(1), pp.17-72
Publisher : Korean Society for Sandplay Therapy
Research Area : Social Science > Psychological Science > Counseling Psychology / Psychotherapy
Received : January 31, 2023
Accepted : April 26, 2023
Published : April 30, 2023

Jang, Mi Kyung ¹, Allan N. Schore ², Lee, sehwa ³, Lee, Yeoreum ⁴, 김소명 ⁵, 권미라 ⁶

¹남서울대학교
²Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine
³전주기전대 사회복지상담과
⁴남서울대학교 아동복지학과
⁵동국대학교 대학원 상담코칭학과
⁶리본심리상담센터

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study investigated inter-right brain synchrony between therapist and client in Sandplay therapy, using hyperscanning technique based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). fNIRS is a non-intrusive method that measures changes in oxyhemoglobin the cerebral blood. A total of seven therapist-client pairs-i.e., 14 participants-wore fNIRS devices on their heads and engaged in two sessions of Sandplay therapy, with each session lasting for 30 minutes. The study observed synchronization in the right and left prefrontal cortices of both therapists and clients in all seven pairs, during every session. Interestingly enough, synchronization occurred not only while the pairs engaged in verbal communication about the completed sandpicture but also during the non-verbal process of clients' creating sandpictures. The outcome of the study hence suggests neurobiological fundamentals for the therapeutic relationship between therapist and client, which is also called the therapeutic resonance, relational mutual regression, therapeutic alliance, and mother-child unity.

KEYWORDS

synchrony, inter-right brains, fNIRS, Sandplay therapy, therapist-client relationship

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

[journal] Akimoto, M. / 2018 / Exploring the sandplayer’s brain : A single case study / Archives of Sandplay Therapy 30 : 85~94

[journal] Akimoto, M. / 2021 / Inter-brain synchronization during sandplay therapy : Individual analyses / Frontiers Psychology 12 : 723211~

[journal] Andrade, V. M. / 2005 / Affect and the therapeutic action in psychoanalysis / International Journal of Psychoanalysis 86 : 677~697

[book] Cohen, S. / 1988 / The social psychology of health / Sage : 31~67

[journal] Cui, X. / 2012 / NIRS-based hyperscanning reveals increased interpersonal coherence in superior frontal cortex during cooperation / Neuroimage 59(3) : 2430~2437

[journal] Czeszumski, A. / 2020 / Hyperscanning : A valid method to study Neural inter-brain underpinnings of social interaction / Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14

[journal] Delpy, D. T. / 1988 / Estimation of optical pathlength through tissue from direct time of flight measurement / Physics in Medicine & Biology 33(12) : 1433~1442

[journal] Dikker, S. Wan, L. / 2017 / Brain-to-Brain Synchrony Tracks Real-World Dynamic Group Interactions in the Classroom / Current Biology 27(9) : 1375~1380

[journal] Dumas, G. / 2010 / Inter-brain synchronization during social interaction / PLoS One 5 : e12166~

[journal] Feldman, R. / 2012 / Physiological measures of emotion from a developmental perspective : state of the science : parent-infant synchrony : a biobehavioral model of mutual influences in the formation of affiliative bonds / Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 77 : 42~51

[journal] Ferrari, M. / 2012 / A brief review on the history of human functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)development and fields of application / Neuroimage 63(2) : 921~935

[journal] Fishburn, F. A. / 2018 / Putting our heads together : Interpersonal neural synchronization as a biological mechanism for shared intentionality / Social Cognition and Affective Neuroscience 13 : 841~849

[journal] Foo, M. / 2020 / The effect of sandplay therapy on the thalamus in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder : A case report / International Journal of Play Therapy 29 : 191~200

[book] Friedman, H. S. / 2007 / Supervision of sandplay therapy / Routlege

[journal] Glover, G. H. / 1999 / Deconvolution of impulse response in event-related BOLD fMRI / NeuroImage 9(4) : 416~429

[journal] Goldfried, M. R. / 2013 / What should we expect from psychotherapy / Clinical Psychology Review 33 : 654~662

[book] Jang, M. / 2017 / Analytical Psychological Sandplay Therapy / Hakji-sa

[journal] Jiang, J. / 2012 / Neural synchronization during face-to-face communication / Journal of Neuroscince 32 : 16064~16069

[journal] Kalff, D. M. / 1991 / Introduction to sandplay therapy / Journal of Sandplay Therapy 1 : 7~15

[book] Kalff, D. M. / 2020 / Sandplay: A psychotherapeutic approach to the psyche / Analytical Psychology Press and Sandplay Editions

[journal] Keenan, J. P. / 2005 / The right hemisphere and the dark side of consciousness / Cortex 41 : 695~704

[journal] Kleinbub, J. R. / 2020 / Physiological synchronization in the clinical process : A research primer / Journal of Counseling Psychology 67(4) : 420~437

[journal] 김미경 / 2021 / Convergence Study of Brain Activity by Dominant Hand Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS) / 한국융합학회논문지 / 한국융합학회 12(12) : 323~330

[journal] Kingsbury, L. / 2019 / Correlated Neural Activity and Encoding of Behavior across Brainsof Socially Interacting Animals / Cell 178 : 429~446

[journal] Kinreich. S. / 2017 / Brain-to-brain synchrony during naturalistic social interactions / Scientific Repports 7 : 17060~

[journal] Kleinbub, J. R. / 2020 / Physiological synchronization in the clinical process : A Research Primer / Journal of Counseling Psychology 67(4) : 420~437

[journal] Koole, S. L. / 2016 / Synchrony in psychotherapy : A review and an integrative framework for the therapeutic alliance / Frontiers Psychology 7 : 862~

[journal] Leclère, C. / 2014 / Why synchrony matters during mother-child interactions: A systematic review / PLoS One 9 : e113571~

[book] McGilchrist, I. / 2015 / Handbook of neuroethics / Springer Science

[journal] Mu, Y. / 2018 / Neural mechanisms underlying inter-personal coordination: a review of hyperscanning research / Social, Personal, & Psychological Compass 12 : e12421~

[web] OBELAB / 2022 / NIRSIT Channel Information / https://www.obelab.com/info/notice.php

[web] / 2021 / OBELAB / https://www.obelab.com/technology/technology.php

[journal] Pan, Y. / 2017 / Cooperation in lovers : An fNIRSbased hyperscanning study / Human Brain Mapping 38 : 831~841

[book] Panksepp, J. / 1998 / Affective neuroscience: The foundations of human and animal emotions / Oxford University Press

[journal] 박준호 / 2010 / Validation of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) on Samples of Korean University Students / 한국심리학회지:일반 / 한국심리학회 29(3) : 611~629

[journal] Penksepp, J. / 2007 / Can PLAY diminish ADHD and facilitate the construction of the social brain / Journal of Canadian Academy Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 16(2) : 57~66

[journal] Palmieri, A. / 2018 / Attachment-security prime effect on skin-conductance synchronization in psychotherapists : An empirical study / Journal of Counseling Psychology 65(4) : 490~499

[journal] Piazza, E. A. / 2020 / Infant and Adult Brains Are Coupled to the Dynamics of Natural Communication / Psychological Science 31(1) : 6~17

[journal] Ramseyer, F. / 2014 / Nonverbal synchrony of head-and body-movement in psychotherapy : Different signals have different associations with outcome / Frontiers in Psychology 5 : 979~

[journal] Ross, E. D. / 2008 / Neurology of affective prosody and its functionalanatomic organization in right hemisphere / Brain and language 104(1) : 51~74

[journal] 류재관 / 2018 / Neuroscience-based Exploratory Approach to Measuring the Business Problem-solving Creativity from the Perspective of SIAM(Search for Ideas Associative Memory) Model: Emphasis on fNIRS(functional near-infrared spectroscopy) Method / 경영학연구 / 한국경영학회 47(5) : 1111~1137

[book] Scaer, R. / 2005 / The trauma spectrum: Hidden wounds and human resiliency / Norton

[journal] Schachner, D. A. / 2005 / Patterns of nonverbal behavior and sensitivity in the context of attachment relationships / Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 29(3) : 141~169

[book] Schore, A. N. / 2012 / The science of the art of psychotherapy / Norton

[book] Schore, A. N. / 2019 / Right brain psychotherapy / Norton

[journal] Allan Schore / 2021 / Right Brain-to-Right Brain Psychotherapy: Recent Clinical and Scientific Advances / 상징과 모래놀이치료 / 사단법인 한국임상모래놀이치료학회 12(2) : 1~22

[journal] Schore, A. N. / 2022 / Right brain-to-right brain psychotherapy: recent scientific and clinical advances / Annals of General Psychiatry 21(46) : 1~12

[journal] Stephens, G. J. / 2010 / Speaker-listener neural coupling underlies successful communication / Proc. National Academy of Sciences U. S. A 107 : 14425~14430

[journal] Taki, S. R. / 2004 / The crucial moment in sandplay relationship : The therapist’s emotive experiences / Journal of Sandplay Therapy 13(1) : 131~146

[journal] Trevarthen, C. / 2001 / Infant intersubjectivity : Research, theory, and clinical applications / Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 42(1) : 3~48

[journal] Tschacher, W. / 2015 / Alliance : a common factor of psychotherapy modeled by structural theory / Frontiers Psychology 6 : 421~

[book] Weinrib, E. / 2004 / Images of the Self / Temenos Press

[journal] Wikström, V. / 2022 / Inter-brain synchronization occurs without physical co-presence during cooperative online gaming / Neuropsychologia 174 : 108316~

[journal] Ye, J. C. / 2009 / NIRS-SPM : Statistical parametric mapping for near-infrared spectroscopy / Neuroimage 44 : 428~447

[journal] Zhang, Y. / 2018 / Interpersonal brain synchronization associated with working alliance during psychological counseling / Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 282 : 103~109

[journal] Zhang, Y. / 2020 / Experience-dependent counselor-client brain synchronization during psychological counseling / eNeuro 236 : 1~10

KJCKorea
Journal Central

Journal of Symbols & Sandplay Therapy 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.44