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@article{ART002336329},
author={Jang, Dong Woo},
title={Estimating Non-revenue Water Ratio Using ANN based on PCA with Data Normalization in Water Distribution Systems},
journal={Crisisonomy},
issn={2466-1198},
year={2018},
volume={14},
number={3},
pages={103-118},
doi={10.14251/crisisonomy.2018.14.3.103}

TY - JOUR
AU - Jang, Dong Woo
TI - Estimating Non-revenue Water Ratio Using ANN based on PCA with Data Normalization in Water Distribution Systems
JO - Crisisonomy
PY - 2018
VL - 14
IS - 3
PB - Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis
SP - 103
EP - 118
SN - 2466-1198
AB - The non-revenue water (NRW) ratio in water distribution systems is an index of the loss of water supply caused by pipe burst, operational loss and physical factors. NRW ratio is a comparative index for city, province and DMA (district metering area) in the domestic water supply maintenance project. An investigation of the factors affecting the NRW as well as its estimation have become increasingly important in an economic sense. In this study, PCA (principal component analysis) and ANN (artificial neural network) are used as statistical methods to estimate the NRW ratio. The normalized data were obtained through the Z-score method, and then the PCA-ANN model was constructed for the NRW ratio estimation. Accuracy assessment was performed to compare the observed NRW ratio with the estimated ratio from the ANN model. The results show that the PCA-ANN model is more accurate than the single ANN and the estimation results differ by the number of neurons in the hidden layer of ANN. As for the six independent variables used in this study, the accuracy of NRW ratio prediction was found highest when 12 neurons were used.
KW - artificial neural network;non-revenue water ratio;principal component analysis;data normalization;water distribution systems
DO - 10.14251/crisisonomy.2018.14.3.103
ER -

Jang, Dong Woo. (2018). Estimating Non-revenue Water Ratio Using ANN based on PCA with Data Normalization in Water Distribution Systems. Crisisonomy, 14(3), 103-118.

Jang, Dong Woo. 2018, "Estimating Non-revenue Water Ratio Using ANN based on PCA with Data Normalization in Water Distribution Systems", Crisisonomy, vol.14, no.3 pp.103-118. Available from: doi:10.14251/crisisonomy.2018.14.3.103

Jang, Dong Woo "Estimating Non-revenue Water Ratio Using ANN based on PCA with Data Normalization in Water Distribution Systems" Crisisonomy 14.3 pp.103-118 (2018) : 103.

Jang, Dong Woo. Estimating Non-revenue Water Ratio Using ANN based on PCA with Data Normalization in Water Distribution Systems. 2018; 14(3), 103-118. Available from: doi:10.14251/crisisonomy.2018.14.3.103

Jang, Dong Woo. "Estimating Non-revenue Water Ratio Using ANN based on PCA with Data Normalization in Water Distribution Systems" Crisisonomy 14, no.3 (2018) : 103-118.doi: 10.14251/crisisonomy.2018.14.3.103

Jang, Dong Woo. Estimating Non-revenue Water Ratio Using ANN based on PCA with Data Normalization in Water Distribution Systems. Crisisonomy, 14(3), 103-118. doi: 10.14251/crisisonomy.2018.14.3.103

Jang, Dong Woo. Estimating Non-revenue Water Ratio Using ANN based on PCA with Data Normalization in Water Distribution Systems. Crisisonomy. 2018; 14(3) 103-118. doi: 10.14251/crisisonomy.2018.14.3.103

Jang, Dong Woo. Estimating Non-revenue Water Ratio Using ANN based on PCA with Data Normalization in Water Distribution Systems. 2018; 14(3), 103-118. Available from: doi:10.14251/crisisonomy.2018.14.3.103

Jang, Dong Woo. "Estimating Non-revenue Water Ratio Using ANN based on PCA with Data Normalization in Water Distribution Systems" Crisisonomy 14, no.3 (2018) : 103-118.doi: 10.14251/crisisonomy.2018.14.3.103