2024, Vol.7, No.1

Journal of Advances in Military Studies 2025 KCI Impact Factor : 1.0

pISSN : 2635-5531 / eISSN : 2636-1329
https://journal.kci.go.kr/jams

As the military adopts wearable devices, soldiers use them to check their own health and perform operations. Under these conditions, measurement errors in military smartwatches can significantly affect soldier safety and survival. Photoplethysmogram (PPG) measurement errors may arise from various factors including the physical condition of the user, contact point, and environmental conditions. In particular, soldiers may experience rapid changes in their heart rates owing to intense training and operational activities. In such situations, errors in PPG measurements may pose challenges in accurately assessing the health status of soldiers. Therefore, enhancing PPG measurement functionality using wearable devices is important to accurately assess the health status, improve survivability, and enhance the operational performance of soldiers on the battlefield. Consequently, research and development in this area are necessary. Thus, our study examined the factors contributing to potential PPG measurement errors in smartwatches, assessed the extent of these errors, and discussed approaches to improve and mitigate them.

Due to economic changes and population growth, the facilities in military need to be changed, and in particular, ammunition depots for wartime occupy a large number of sites, so management policies need to be improved. The Ministry of National Defense is presenting the design of the underground ammunition depot according to the guidelines, but concrete improvements are needed in consideration of wartime preparation. Our study aims to explore the importance and priorities of how to utilize the technology of the 4th Industrial Revolution necessary for smartization of underground ammunition depots for implementing Defense Innovation 4.0. To this end, the present study conducted an AHP analysis based on the criteria (guard, safety, environment, logistics system, equipment facilities, and life management) to be considered as a smartization plan for underground ammunition depots, and the need to apply it in the relative importance of AI, IoT, big data, cloud, and robots was confirmed. As a result of the analysis, this paper has shown that it is necessary to strengthen the safety and guard-related systems of underground ammunition depots in the future, and to monitor the condition of ammunition using IoT and AI and pursue efficient operation. This study provides practical and academical considerations for future research. priority determination and policy implementation using the 4th Industrial Revolution technology are required for the effective construction and operation of smart underground ammunition depots. Subsequent studies need to expand the underground ammunition depot in consideration of the characteristics of the weapon system, taking into account the safety and availability considering the total cycle.

This study aims to quantitatively analyze the correlation between hair and beard and the airtightness of gas masks in response to the escalating threat of chemical and biological warfare, changes in military personnel regulations, and grooming standards. Airtightness refers to the ability of a gas mask to fit snugly on the user face, thereby preventing the infiltration of harmful external substances, that is among the primary functions of the mask. Although hair and beard are known to affect the airtightness of gas masks, research is lacking in this area, domestically and internationally, and no studies have analyzed the correlation between gas mask airtightness and hair, including beards, under controlled variables. Therefore, research on the correlation between gas mask airtightness and hair, including beards, is necessary to respond to the current evolving threats. For this purpose, gas masks that passed the airtightness performance test specified in military standards were selected. The masks were fitted on a SMARTMAN (SiMulant Agent Resistant Test MANikin) mannequin head with artificial hair and beard attached, and changes in airtightness were measured based on the presence and condition of the hair and beard. The experimental results showed that the presence of hair and beard at the gas mask–face contact surface decreased the airtightness of the mask, and that the highest airtightness was observed with gas masks of the optimal size. The findings of this study can be used as an important reference material for maintaining the performance of gas masks and the combat effectiveness of the military.