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@article{ART002694367},
author={ueda hiroshi},
title={A comparison of Japanese and Chinese expressions of cognitive change: Focusing on comparative expressions with “natteiru” and the sentence-ending particle “le”},
journal={The Japanese Language Association of Korea},
issn={1229-7275},
year={2021},
number={67},
pages={87-105},
doi={10.14817/jlak.2021.67.87}

TY - JOUR
AU - ueda hiroshi
TI - A comparison of Japanese and Chinese expressions of cognitive change: Focusing on comparative expressions with “natteiru” and the sentence-ending particle “le”
JO - The Japanese Language Association of Korea
PY - 2021
VL - null
IS - 67
PB - The Japanese Language Association Of Korea
SP - 87
EP - 105
SN - 1229-7275
AB - This paper examines the conditions for using the cognitive change expression “natteiru (have become)” and the sentence-ending particle “le” from the perspective of “construal.” Results of the examination are as follows. 1) When simply comparing the nature of,two objects in order to express changes in cognition, a numerical expression that expresses the difference between the two objects must be added immediately after “le.” 2) When “le” is used, the sentence emphasizes a fact that differs from a premise previously held by the speaker or listener, and can indicate speaker’s the surprise or a sense of unexpectation. 3) When comparing a size and a height, “le” can be used to express a cognitive change,even if the two objects differ in shape and type. 4) The conditions for the use of “le” are unrelated to whether or not the object changes by the intrinsic force. Even when comparing people’s heights, which change through intrinsic force, “le” can be used to express the cognitive change. 5) Sentences using “le” are valid for a wide range of cognitive change expressions that compare attributes such as brightness, color intensity, quantity, angle of inclination, and bending in addition to spatial quantity. 6) Evaluative adjectives are unlikely to co-occur with “le.” 7) When objects of comparison are not visually present, sentences with “natteiru” are fundamentally invalid; an exception is cases where it is easy for the speaker to evoke the size of objects being compared, and where the premise based on background knowledge is that two objects being compared have similar attributes. Sentences that use “le” are widely valid, even when objects in comparison are not visually present. 8) When objects in comparison do not meet the criteria set up temporarily, “natteiru” can be used whereas “le” cannot. 9) Regardless of whether objects in comparison are visually present or not, sentences that use “le” are subject to more lenient conditions to be established than sentences that use “natteiru.”
KW - Cognitive change;Comparative expression;Adjective;Attribute;Evaluation
DO - 10.14817/jlak.2021.67.87
ER -

ueda hiroshi. (2021). A comparison of Japanese and Chinese expressions of cognitive change: Focusing on comparative expressions with “natteiru” and the sentence-ending particle “le”. The Japanese Language Association of Korea, 67, 87-105.

ueda hiroshi. 2021, "A comparison of Japanese and Chinese expressions of cognitive change: Focusing on comparative expressions with “natteiru” and the sentence-ending particle “le”", The Japanese Language Association of Korea, no.67, pp.87-105. Available from: doi:10.14817/jlak.2021.67.87

ueda hiroshi "A comparison of Japanese and Chinese expressions of cognitive change: Focusing on comparative expressions with “natteiru” and the sentence-ending particle “le”" The Japanese Language Association of Korea 67 pp.87-105 (2021) : 87.

ueda hiroshi. A comparison of Japanese and Chinese expressions of cognitive change: Focusing on comparative expressions with “natteiru” and the sentence-ending particle “le”. 2021; 67 : 87-105. Available from: doi:10.14817/jlak.2021.67.87

ueda hiroshi. "A comparison of Japanese and Chinese expressions of cognitive change: Focusing on comparative expressions with “natteiru” and the sentence-ending particle “le”" The Japanese Language Association of Korea no.67(2021) : 87-105.doi: 10.14817/jlak.2021.67.87

ueda hiroshi. A comparison of Japanese and Chinese expressions of cognitive change: Focusing on comparative expressions with “natteiru” and the sentence-ending particle “le”. The Japanese Language Association of Korea, 67, 87-105. doi: 10.14817/jlak.2021.67.87

ueda hiroshi. A comparison of Japanese and Chinese expressions of cognitive change: Focusing on comparative expressions with “natteiru” and the sentence-ending particle “le”. The Japanese Language Association of Korea. 2021; 67 87-105. doi: 10.14817/jlak.2021.67.87

ueda hiroshi. A comparison of Japanese and Chinese expressions of cognitive change: Focusing on comparative expressions with “natteiru” and the sentence-ending particle “le”. 2021; 67 : 87-105. Available from: doi:10.14817/jlak.2021.67.87

ueda hiroshi. "A comparison of Japanese and Chinese expressions of cognitive change: Focusing on comparative expressions with “natteiru” and the sentence-ending particle “le”" The Japanese Language Association of Korea no.67(2021) : 87-105.doi: 10.14817/jlak.2021.67.87