@article{ART003272311},
author={KIM SE HUN and 이정인},
title={Effects of Hold Support Surface Area Variation on Posterior Muscle Activity in Static Therapeutic Climbing Postures},
journal={Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine},
issn={1975-311X},
year={2025},
volume={20},
number={4},
pages={117-124}
TY - JOUR
AU - KIM SE HUN
AU - 이정인
TI - Effects of Hold Support Surface Area Variation on Posterior Muscle Activity in Static Therapeutic Climbing Postures
JO - Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
PY - 2025
VL - 20
IS - 4
PB - The Korean Society of Physical Medicine
SP - 117
EP - 124
SN - 1975-311X
AB - PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of differences in the foothold support surface area on the upper and lower limb muscle activity during therapeutic climbing to provide clinical evidence for designing balance training and adjusting exercise difficulty in rehabilitation. METHODS: This study recruited 25 healthy adult males. The participants had no prior climbing experience and were selected based on the foot size (260–265 mm) to maintain consistency in the foothold contact area. The experiment was conducted using a therapeutic climbing-specific wall (PRO ECO, Physioclimb, Germany). Surface electromyography (EMG) was measured while the participants stood on three foothold conditions differing in size: Hold 1 (120 mm), Hold 2 (90 mm), and Hold 3 (60 mm). The muscle activity was recorded using the BTS surface EMG system (Bioengineering, Italy) from six major muscles: upper trapezius, latissimus dorsi, multifidus, gluteus medius, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius. Each trial lasted 12 seconds, and the middle 10 seconds were analyzed. The data were processed using repeated-measures ANOVA with a Bonferroni post hoc correction.
RESULTS: In the upper limb, the muscle activity of the upper trapezius, latissimus dorsi, and multifidus increased significantly as the foothold size decreased (p < .05). Significant differences were observed between Hold 2 and Hold 3 for the upper trapezius and latissimus dorsi, whereas the multifidus showed no such difference. In the lower limb, the gluteus medius, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius also showed significantly higher muscle activity with smaller foothold sizes, including a significant difference between Hold 2 and Hold 3 (p < .05).
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that reducing the support surface area increases upper and lower limb muscle activation during therapeutic climbing. This suggests that the support surface area is an important factor for selectively modulating muscle activity and should be considered when designing individualized exercise prescriptions and balance training programs in clinical practice
KW - Balance training;Muscle activation;Support surface area;Therapeutic climbing
DO -
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ER -
KIM SE HUN and 이정인. (2025). Effects of Hold Support Surface Area Variation on Posterior Muscle Activity in Static Therapeutic Climbing Postures. Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine, 20(4), 117-124.
KIM SE HUN and 이정인. 2025, "Effects of Hold Support Surface Area Variation on Posterior Muscle Activity in Static Therapeutic Climbing Postures", Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine, vol.20, no.4 pp.117-124.
KIM SE HUN, 이정인 "Effects of Hold Support Surface Area Variation on Posterior Muscle Activity in Static Therapeutic Climbing Postures" Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine 20.4 pp.117-124 (2025) : 117.
KIM SE HUN, 이정인. Effects of Hold Support Surface Area Variation on Posterior Muscle Activity in Static Therapeutic Climbing Postures. 2025; 20(4), 117-124.
KIM SE HUN and 이정인. "Effects of Hold Support Surface Area Variation on Posterior Muscle Activity in Static Therapeutic Climbing Postures" Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine 20, no.4 (2025) : 117-124.
KIM SE HUN; 이정인. Effects of Hold Support Surface Area Variation on Posterior Muscle Activity in Static Therapeutic Climbing Postures. Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine, 20(4), 117-124.
KIM SE HUN; 이정인. Effects of Hold Support Surface Area Variation on Posterior Muscle Activity in Static Therapeutic Climbing Postures. Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine. 2025; 20(4) 117-124.
KIM SE HUN, 이정인. Effects of Hold Support Surface Area Variation on Posterior Muscle Activity in Static Therapeutic Climbing Postures. 2025; 20(4), 117-124.
KIM SE HUN and 이정인. "Effects of Hold Support Surface Area Variation on Posterior Muscle Activity in Static Therapeutic Climbing Postures" Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine 20, no.4 (2025) : 117-124.
