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Effects of Listener Position on Demonstrative Choice Across Two-Dimensional Space: Evidence From Korean, Chinese, and L2 Korean

  • The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea
  • Abbr : 사회언어학
  • 2026, 34(3), pp.331~367
  • Publisher : The Sociolinguistic Society Of Korea
  • Research Area : Humanities > Linguistics
  • Received : July 31, 2026
  • Accepted : August 31, 2026
  • Published : September 30, 2026

Xuezhu Quan 1,  Sixuan Zhu 1

1서울대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study examines how listener position shapes spatial demonstrative choice in Korean and Chinese and whether advanced L1 Chinese learners of Korean show an L1-consistent pattern. Thirty-nine native speakers of Chinese, 24 native speakers of Korean, and 26 learners completed forced-choice tasks involving 16 referent positions in Opposite and L-side speaker–listener configurations. Bayesian mixed-effects analyses showed that native Chinese speakers maintained a broadly speaker-centered zhe–na division, with listener position producing only local boundary modulation. Native Korean speakers displayed an i–geu–jeo organization in the Opposite condition, but the L-side configuration produced a broader reorganization toward an i–jeo opposition, with geu restricted to transitional positions near the listener. Learners reproduced the broad native reorganization, whereas the internal distribution of geu remained more distance-anchored, which constituted an L1-consistent pattern. Their Chinese demonstrative system showed no comparable Korean-like reorganization. These findings indicate that the availability of a geu-dominant region is conditional and gradient, and that sensitivity to listener position does not necessarily entail listener-centered category organization.

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