Carbon Letters 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.35 KCI-WoS Impact Factor : 6.04
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pISSN : 1976-4251 / eISSN : 2233-4998
- https://journal.kci.go.kr/carbon
KJCKorea
Journal Central
Mechanosynthesis of graphene nanoribbons from waste zinc–carbon batteries
- Carbon Letters
- Abbr : Carbon Lett.
- 2022, 32(2), pp.475-493
- DOI : 10.1007/s42823-021-00279-6
- Publisher : Korean Carbon Society
- Research Area : Natural Science > Natural Science General > Other Natural Sciences General
- Received : June 2, 2021
- Accepted : August 27, 2021
- Published : March 1, 2022
Martínez-González J. 1, Reyes-Contreras D. 2, Vigueras-Santiago Enrique 3, Patiño-Carachure C. 4, Reyes-Esqueda J. A. 5, Castrejón-Sánchez V. H. 6, García-Orozco I. 7
1Facultad de Química. Programa de Doctorado en Ciencia de Materiales
2Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México
3Laboratorio de Investigación Y Desarrollo de Materiales Avanzados (LIDMA)
4Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Campus III
5Instituto de Física, Circuito de la Investigación científica, Ciudad Universitaria
6Ejido de San Juan Y San Agustín, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Jocotitlán
7Laboratorio de Investigación Y Desarrollo de Materiales Avanzados (LIDMA), Facultad de Química
Accredited
ABSTRACT
The mechanosynthesis route is a physical top–down strategy to produce different nanomaterials. Here, we report the formation of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) through this route using carbon bars recovered from discarded alkaline batteries as raw material. The mechanosynthesis time (milling time) is shown to have an influence on different features of the GNRs such as their width and edges features. TEM revealed the presence of GNRs with widths of 15.26, 8.8, and 23.55 nm for the milling times of 6, 12, and 18 h, respectively. Additionally, the carbon bars evolved from poorly shaped GNRs for the shortest milling time (6 h) to well-shaped GNRs of oriented sheets forming for the longest milling time. Besides GNRs, graphene sheets (GNS) of different sizes were also observed. The Raman analysis of the 2D bands identified the GNS signal and confirmed the GNRs nature. ID/IG values of 0.21, 0.32, and 0.40 revealed the degree of disorder for each sample. The in-plane sp2 crystallite sizes (La) of graphite decreased to 91, 60, and 48 nm with increasing peeling time. The RBLM band at 288 cm−1 confirmed the formation of the GNRs. Mechanosynthesis is a complex process and the formation of the GNRs is discussed in terms of a mechanical exfoliation, formation of graphene sheets and its fragmentation to reach GNR-like shapes. It is shown that the synthesis of GNRs through the mechanosynthesis route, besides the use of recycled materials, is an alternative for obtaining self-sustaining materials.
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