Factors affecting the electrical conductivity of conducting polymers

Pooja (Pooja ); Kumar Anil; Prasher Parteek; Mudila Harish

doi:10.1007/s42823-022-00443-6

Factors affecting the electrical conductivity of conducting polymers

Carbon Letters
Abbr : Carbon Lett.
2023, 33(2), pp.307-324
DOI : 10.1007/s42823-022-00443-6
Publisher : Korean Carbon Society
Research Area : Natural Science > Natural Science General > Other Natural Sciences General
Received : September 13, 2022
Accepted : December 7, 2022
Published : March 1, 2023

Pooja ¹, Kumar Anil ², Prasher Parteek ³, Mudila Harish ²

¹Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
²Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University
³Department of Chemistry, UPES, Dehradun

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Metals had been significantly substituted by synthetic polymers in most of our daily requirements, thus relaxing our life. Out of many applied areas, synthetic polymers especially conducting polymers had shown their marked effect and potential. Batteries, pseudocapacitors, superconductors, etc. are the potential zones where conducting polymers are chiefly employed owing to their appreciable conductivity, cost efficiency, and corrosion inhibition nature. Apart from energy storage devices, these conducting polymers find their potential application in biosensors, lasers, corrosion inhibitors, electrostatic materials, conducting adhesives, electromagnetic interference shielding, and others. These all applications including energy storage are due to astonishing properties like high conductivity, flexibility, tuneability, easy processibility, chemical, thermal and mechanical stability, easy and enhanced charge transportation, lightweight, etc. Conducting polymers are extensively studied for their application in energy storage batteries, for which the material under investigation needs to be electrically conductive. However, the conducting nature of these specific conducting polymers is dependent on numerous factors. This review discussed the effect of certain potential factors such as polymerization techniques temperature, doping, bandgap, extended conjugation, solvent, etc. on the electrical/electrochemical conductivity of these conducting polymers. These all factors with their specific variations are found to have a noticeable consequence on the electrical conductivity of the investigated conducting polymer and hence on the energy storage carried by them. This review could be proved beneficial to the readers, who can judiciously implement the conclusions to their research related to conducting polymers and their composites for generating highly efficient energy storage systems.

KEYWORDS

Conducting polymer Electrical conductivity Doping Temperature Conjugation Affordable and clean energy

Citation status

This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between the WoS and the KCI journals. (as of 2024-07-26)

Total Citation Counts(KCI+WOS) (12) This is the number of times that the duplicate count has been removed by comparing the citation list of WoS and KCI.

Scopus Citation Counts (11) This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between articles in KCI and the SCOPUS journals. (as of 2024-07-01)

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

[journal] Shen Y / 2021 / A highly promising high-nickel low-cobalt lithium layered oxide cathode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries / J Colloid Interface Sci 597 : 334~344

[journal] Das TK / 2012 / Review on conducting polymers and their applications / Polym Plast Technol Eng 51(14) : 1487~1500

[journal] Kataria S / 2022 / Optical properties of novel materials for optoelectronic applications / Nanosci Nanotechnol-Asia

[journal] Magu TO / 2019 / A review on conducting polymers-based composites for energy storage application / J Chem Rev 1(1) : 19~34

[journal] Saal A / 2020 / Polymers for battery applications—active materials, membranes, and binders / Adv Energy Mater 2001984 : 1~40

[journal] Le TH / 2017 / Electrical and electrochemical properties of conducting polymers / Polymers 9(12) : 150~

[journal] Ramya R / 2013 / Conducting polymer-based electrochemical supercapacitors—progress and prospects / Electrochim Acta 101 : 109~129

[journal] Harish Mudila / 2014 / Enhanced electrocapacitive performance and high power density of polypyrrole/graphene oxide nanocomposites prepared at reduced temperature / Carbon Letters / 한국탄소학회 15(3) : 171~179

[journal] Seo J / 2019 / Unveiling a masked polymer of dewar benzene reveals trans-poly(acetylene) / Macromolecules 52(8) : 2923~2931

[journal] Hong X / 2020 / Application progress of polyaniline, polypyrrole and polythiophene in lithium-sulfur batteries / Polymers 12(2) : 331~

[journal] Mudila H / 2019 / Critical analysis of polyindole and its composites in supercapacitor application / Mater Renew Sustain Energy 8(9) : 2851~

[book] Shahabuddin S / 2021 / Advances in hybrid conducting polymer technology. Engineering materials / Springer : 1~18

[book] Nellaiappan S / 2021 / Advances in hybrid conducting polymer technology. Engineering materials / Springer : 159~200

[journal] Martins VL / 2020 / Electroactivity of 3D conducting polymers in water-in-salt electrolyte and their electrochemical capacitor performance / J Electroanal Chem 114822 : 1~28

[journal] Kumar A / 2020 / Synthesis and thermal analysis of polyaniline(PANI) / J Phys Conf Ser 1531 : 1~6

[journal] Ramanavicius S / 2021 / Conducting polymers in the design of biosensors and biofuel cells / Polymers 13(1) : 49~

[journal] Khokhar D / 2020 / Functionalization of conducting polymers and their applications in optoelectronics / Polym Plast Tech Mat 60(5) : 463~485

[journal] Adeosun WA / 2020 / Conducting terpolymers and its hybrid nanocomposites variable trends. From synthesis to applications. A review / Polym Plast Tech Mat 60(3) : 271~285

[journal] Guo B / 2013 / Biodegradable and electrically conducting polymers for biomedical applications / Prog Polym Sci 38(9) : 1263~1286

[journal] Hoffman AS / 2013 / Stimuli-responsive polymers : biomedical applications and challenges for clinical translation / Adv Drug Deliv Rev 65(1) : 10~16

[journal] Grivas C / 2012 / Organic solid-state integrated amplifiers and lasers / Laser Photon Rev 6(4) : 419~462

[journal] Vangari M / 2013 / Supercapacitors : review of materials and fabrication methods / J Energy Eng 139(2) : 72~79

[journal] Mudila H / 2014 / Polyindole/graphene oxide nanocomposites : the novel material for electrochemical energy storage / Fuller, Nanotub Carbon Nanostruct 23(1) : 20~26

[journal] Knopfmacher O / 2014 / Highly stable organic polymer field-effect transistor sensor for selective detection in the marine environment / Nat Commun 5(1) : 1~9

[journal] Zhou H / 2020 / Robust and sensitive pressure/strain sensors from solution processable composite hydrogels enhanced by hollow-structured conducting polymers / Chem Eng J 403 : 1~9

[journal] Tajik S / 2020 / Recent developments in conducting polymers : applications for electrochemistry / RSC Adv 10(62) : 37834~37856

[journal] Srilalitha S / 2013 / The effect of dopant, temperature, and bandgap on conductivity of conducting polymers / Int J Innov Res Sci Eng Technol 2(7) : 2694~2696

[journal] Namsheer K / 2021 / Conducting polymers : a comprehensive review on recent advances in synthesis, properties, and applications / RSC Adv 11 : 5659~5697

[journal] Abu-Thabit NY / 2016 / Chemical oxidative polymerization of polyaniline : a practical approach for preparation of smart conductive textiles / J Chem Educ 93(9) : 1606~1611

[journal] Sapurina IY / 2012 / Oxidative polymerization of aniline : molecular synthesis of polyaniline and the formation of supramolecular structures / New Polym Spec Appl

[journal] Mart H / 2006 / Oxidative polycondensation reaction / Des Monomers Polym 9(6) : 551~588

[journal] Kang H / 2000 / Enhanced electrical conductivity of polypyrrole prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization : effect of the preparation technique and polymer additive / Polymer 41(18) : 6931~6934

[journal] Lee JY / 1995 / Synthesis of soluble polypyrrole of the doped state in organic solvents / Synth Met 74(2) : 103~106

[journal] Shen Y / 1998 / In situ doping polymerization of pyrrole with sulfonic acid as a dopant / Synth Met 96(2) : 127~132

[journal] Thanasamy D / 2019 / A novel route to synthesis of polythiophene with great yield and high electrical conductivity without post doping process / Polymer 175(26) : 32~40

[journal] Wadatkar NS / 2016 / Studies on properties of assynthesized conducting polythiophene through aqueous chemical route / J Mat Sci Mater Electron 27(10) : 10573~10581

[journal] David T / 2019 / A novel route to synthesis of polythiophene with great yield and high electrical conductivity without post doping process / Polymer 175 : 32~40

[journal] Radja I / 2015 / Characterization and electrochemical properties of conducting nanocomposites synthesized from p-anisidine and aniline with titanium carbide by the chemical oxidative method / Synth Met 202 : 25~32

[journal] Anguera G / 2014 / Conjugated polymers : synthesis and applications in optoelectronics. Afinidad / J Chem Eng Theor Appl Chem 71(568) : 251~262

[journal] Lawal AT / 2014 / Vapor phase polymerization of conducting and non-conducting polymers : a review / Talanta 119 : 133~143

[journal] Ren X / 2012 / An investigation of V2O5/polypyrrole composite cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries synthesized by sol-gel / Mater Sci Eng : B 177(12) : 929~934

[journal] Li J / 2020 / Synthesis of polypyrrole/V2O5 composite film on the surface of magnesium using a mild vapor phase polymerization(vpp)method for corrosion resistance / Coat 10(4) : 402~

[journal] Jun T-S / 2014 / Vapor phase polymerization of polyaniline nanotubes using Mn3O4nanofibers as an oxidant / Mater Lett 133 : 17~19

[journal] Yang Y / 2013 / Vapor phase polymerization deposition conducting polymer nanocomposites on porous dielectric surface as high-performance electrode materials / Nano-Micro Lett 5(1) : 40~46

[journal] So JH / 2014 / A novel route for polymerization of thiophene based conducting polymers using trace-free oxidants / Polym Chem 5(2) : 361~364

[journal] Asatekin A / 2010 / Designing polymer surfaces via vapor deposition / Mater Today Commun 13(5) : 26~33

[journal] Heydarnezhad HR / 2013 / Different methods for photochemical synthesis of conducting polymers and their applications / Iran J Chem Eng 12(69) : 36~59

[journal] Kumar R / 2015 / Conducting polymers : synthesis, properties, and applications / Int Adv Res J Sci Eng Technol 2(11) : 110~124

[journal] Heydarnezhad HR / 2013 / One-step synthesis of conductive ceria/polypyrrole nanocomposite particles via photoinduced polymerization method / J Mater Sci Mater Electron 24(11) : 4378~4385

[journal] Rather MS / 2013 / The nanocomposite of Polyaniline with the photoadduct of potassium hexacyanoferrate and pyridine ligand : structural, electrical, mechanical and thermal study / Synth Met 179 : 60~66

[book] Fomo G / 2019 / Functional polymers polymers and polymeric composites: a reference series / Springer : 105~131

[journal] Coelho MKL / 2016 / Development and application of electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer and carbon nanotubes for the determination of carvedilol / Chemosensors 4(4) : 1~15

[journal] Bhadra S / 2007 / Electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline and its comparison with chemically synthesized polyaniline / J Appl Polym Sci 104(3) : 1900~1904

[journal] Nunoo OA / 2019 / Effect of primary dopants on the conductivity of polyaniline synthesized by electrochemical polymerization / Int J Adv Res Eng Technol 10(6) : 157~163

[journal] Rahaman M / 2018 / Chemical and electrochemical synthesis of polypyrrole using carrageenan as a dopant : polypyrrole/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites / Polymers 10(6) : 632~

[journal] Jérôme C / 1999 / Electrosynthesis of polyacrylic/polypyrrole composites : formation of polypyrrole wires / Synth Met 101 : 3~4

[journal] Trivedi DC / 1999 / Influence of counter ion on polyaniline and polypyrrole / Indian Acad Sci 22(3) : 447~455

[journal] Turac E / 2008 / Electrochemical synthesis of a water-soluble and self-doped polythiophene derivative / Des Monomers Polym 11(4) : 309~317

[journal] Campbell SA / 2007 / Conducting polymer coatings in electrochemical technology part 1 – synthesis and fundamental aspects / Int J Surf Eng Coat 85(5) : 237~244

[book] Kitto T / 2019 / Handbook of organic materials for electronic and photonic devices / Woodhead Publishing : 817~842

[journal] Chiang CK / 1978 / Conducting polymers : halogen doped polyacetylene / J Chem Phys 69(11) : 5098~5104

[book] Roth RS / 2004 / One-dimensional metals: conjugated polymers, organic crystals, carbon nanotubes / Wiley-VCH

[journal] Ansari SP / 2015 / Electrical conductivity studies of conducting polymer nanocomposites in ambient conditions / Polym Polym Compos 24(4) : 273~280

[journal] Rathod SG / 2015 / Temperaturedependent ionic conductivity and transport properties of LiClO4-doped PVA/modified cellulose composites / Bull Mater Sci 38(5) : 1213~1221

[journal] Bakhshi AK / 1995 / Electrically conducting polymers : from fundamental to applied research / Bull Mater Sci 18(5) : 469~495

[journal] Yamada K / 2019 / Temperature dependence of the mobility of conducting polymer polyaniline with a secondary dopant / Synth Met 247 : 124~130

[journal] Amorim DRB / 2020 / Effect of temperature on the electrical conductivity of polyaniline/cashew gum blends / Mater Chem Phys 253 : 123383~

[journal] Kassim A / 2002 / Effects of preparation temperature on the conductivity of polypyrrole conducting polymer / J Chem Sci 114(2) : 155~162

[journal] Karbownik I / 2021 / The effect of temperature on electric conductivity of polyacrylonitrile-polyaniline fibers / IEEE Access 9 : 74017~74027

[journal] Nogami Y / 1991 / Low-temperature electrical conductivity of highly conducting polyacetylene in a magnetic field / Phys Rev B 43(14) : 11829~11839

[journal] Su N / 2015 / Improving electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and solubility of polyaniline-polypyrrole nanocomposite by doping with anionic spherical polyelectrolyte brushes / Nanoscale Res Lett 10(1) : 301~309

[journal] Susilawat S / 2018 / The effect of temperature on the conductivity of polymer films / JPPIPA 4(2) : 43~50

[journal] Khokhar D / 2021 / Functionalization of conducting polymers and their applications in optoelectronics / Polym Plast Technol Mat 60(5) : 463~485

[journal] Bryan AM / 2016 / Conducting polymers for pseudocapacitive energy storage / Chem Mater 28(17) : 5989~5998

[journal] Wang PC / 2012 / Dopant-dependent variation in the distribution of polarons and bipolarons as charge carriers in polypyrrole thin films synthesized by oxidative chemical polymerization / React Funct Polym 72(5) : 311~316

[journal] Jabarullah NH / 2016 / Large dopant dependence of the current limiting properties of intrinsic conducting polymer surge protection devices / RSC Adv 6(89) : 85710~85717

[journal] Liang Z / 2018 / Influence of dopant size and electron affinity on the electrical conductivity and thermoelectric properties of a series of conjugated polymers / J Mater Chem A 6(34) : 16495~16505

[journal] Green RA / 2010 / Impact of coincorporating laminin peptide dopants and neurotrophic growth factors on conducting polymer properties / Act Biomater 6(1) : 63~71

[journal] Koopmans M / 2020 / Electrical conductivity of doped organic semiconductors limited by carrier-carrier interactions / ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 12(50) : 56222~56230

[book] Khalid M / 2018 / Polyaniline : synthesis methods, doping, and conduction mechanism / Intechopen

[journal] Arkhipov VI / 2005 / Analytic model of carrier mobility in doped disordered organic semiconductors / Phys Rev B 72(23) : 1~5

[journal] Liu F / 2017 / Effect of Coulomb correlation on charge transport in disordered organic semiconductors / Phys Rev B 96(20) : 1~8

[journal] Ravichandran R / 2010 / Applications of conducting polymers and their issues in biomedical engineering / J R Soc Interface 7(5) : 559~579

[journal] Li H / 2019 / Enhanced molecular doping for high conductivity in polymers with volume freed for dopants / Macromolecules 52(24) : 9804~9812

[journal] Nagarkar SS / 2017 / Enhanced and optically switchable proton conductivity in a melting coordination polymer crystal / Angew Chem 56(18) : 4976~4981

[journal] Navarchian AH / 2013 / Effect of polymerization conditions on reaction yield, conductivity, and ammonia sensing of polyaniline / Adv Polym Technol 32(3) : 1~10

[journal] Wang J / 2007 / Effect of doping ions on electrochemical capacitance properties of polypyrrole films / Acta Phys Chim Sin 23(3) : 299~304

[journal] Sinha S / 2009 / Effect of dopant type on the properties of polyaniline / J Appl Polym Sci 112(5) : 3135~3140

[journal] Phasuksom K / 2016 / Synthesis of nano-sized polyindole via emulsion polymerization and doping / Synth Met 219 : 142~153

[journal] Phasuksom K / 2018 / Electrical conductivity response of methanol sensor based on conductive polyindole / Sens Actuators B : Chem 262 : 1013~1023

[journal] Glaudell AM / 2014 / Impact of the doping method on conductivity and thermopower in semiconducting polythiophenes / Adv Energy Mater 5(4) : 1401072~

[journal] Zhao D / 2017 / Highly conductive polythiophene films doped with chloroauric acid for dual-mode sensing of volatile organic amines and thiols / Sens Actuators B : Chem 243 : 380~387

[journal] Sakunpongpitiporn P / 2021 / Tuning of PEDOT : PSS synthesis via multiple doping for enhanced electrical conductivity / Polym Int 70(10) : 1534~1543

[journal] Ismail AM / 2020 / Enhancement of the electrical conductivity of the synthesized polyvinylidene fluoride/polyvinyl chloride composite doped with palladium nanoparticles via laser ablation / J Mater Res Technol 9(5) : 11178~11188

[journal] An JY / 2021 / Doping of graphene with polyethylenimine and its effects on graphene-based supercapacitors / J Appl Phys 129(9) : 094904~

[journal] Scharber MC / 2021 / Low bandgap conjugated semiconducting polymers / Adv Mater Technol 6(4) : 2000857~

[journal] Shen Y / 2021 / Gospel for improving the lithium storage performance of high-voltage high-nickel low-cobalt layered oxide cathode materials / ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 13(49) : 58871~58884

[journal] Cheng Y / 2022 / Stabilizing effects of atomic Ti doping on high-voltage high-nickel layered oxide cathode for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries / Nano Res 15 : 4091~4099

[journal] Bouzzine SM / 2015 / DFT study of polythiophene energy bandgap and substitution effects / J Chem 2015 : 1~12

[journal] Roncali J / 2007 / Molecular engineering of the bandgap of π-conjugated systems : facing technological applications / Macromol Rapid Commun 28(17) : 1761~1775

[book] Rasmussen SC / 2018 / Acetylene and its polymers. Mol Sci

[journal] Mudila H / 2020 / Effect of temperature on the polymerization and optical conductivity of thin flexible polypyrrole/starch composites / J Phys Conf Ser 1531 : 012105~

[journal] Choi J / 2019 / Bandgap-controlled hollow polyaniline nanostructures by mnmediated nano-confined polymerization / R Soc Chem

[journal] Almasi MJ / 2016 / Bandgap study of polyaniline and polyaniline/MWNT nanocomposites with in situ polymerization method / Compos B Eng 96 : 63~68

[journal] Abdi MM / 2011 / Optical bandgap and conductivity measurements of polypyrrole-chitosan composite thin films / Chin J Polym Sci 30(1) : 93~100

[journal] Vivas-Reyes R / 2008 / Theoretical study to evaluate polyfuran electrical conductivity and methylamine, methoxy substituent effects / J Mol Struct : THEOCHEM 861(1–3) : 137~141

[journal] Kaloni TP / 2016 / Bandgap modulation in polythiophene and polypyrrole-based systems / Sci Rep

[journal] Kim S / 2019 / Light-promoted synthesis of the highlyconjugated crystalline covalent organic framework / Commun Chem 2(1) : 1~8

[journal] Yin N / 2016 / Effect of the π-conjugation length on the properties and photovoltaic performance of A–π–D–π–A type oligothiophenes with a 4, 8-bis(thienyl)benzo[1, 2-b : 4, 5-b′]dithiophene core / Beilstein J Org Chem 12 : 1788~1797

[journal] Schopov I / 1992 / Doped non-conjugated polymers with enhanced electrical conductivity / Macromol Chem 193(8) : 1839~1846

[journal] Swager TM / 2017 / 50th anniversary perspective : conducting/semiconducting conjugated polymers. a personal perspective on the past and the future / Macromolecules 50 : 4867~4886

[journal] Pelzer KM / 2016 / Effects of functional groups in redox-active organic molecules : a high-throughput screening approach / J Phys Chem C 121(1) : 237~245

[book] Park SJ / 2018 / Emerging materials for energy conversion and storage / Elsevier : 185~208

[journal] Chen X / 2015 / First-principles study of the effect of functional groups on polyaniline backbone / Sci Rep 5(1) : 16907~

[journal] Andriianova AN / 2020 / Effect of structural factors on the physicochemical properties of functionalized polyanilines / RSC Adv 10(13) : 7468~7491

[journal] Mamlouk M / 2012 / Effect of anion functional groups on the conductivity and performance of anion exchange polymer membrane fuel cells / J Power Sources 211 : 140~146

[journal] Khattab AF / 2007 / Effect of polymeric chain flexibility on electrical conductivity of aromatic polyesters / Raf J Sci 18(1) : 20~27

[journal] Wang Y / 2017 / A highly stretchable, transparent, and conductive polymer / Sci Adv 3(3) : e1602076~

[journal] Ouyang J / 2021 / Application of intrinsically conducting polymers in flexible electronics / Smart Mat

[journal] Zhou Y / 2008 / Investigation on polymer anode design for flexible polymer solar cells / Appl Phys Lett 92(23) : 233308~

[journal] Du Y / 2018 / Flexible thermoelectric materials and devices / Appl Mater Today 12 : 366~388

[journal] Omastová M / 2004 / Effect of polymerization conditions on the properties of polypyrrole prepared in the presence of sodium bis(2-Ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate / Synth Met 143(2) : 153~161

[journal] Calvo PA / 2002 / Chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of m-hydroxybenzoic acid-and m-hydroxycinnamic acidrelated compounds / Synth Met 126(1) : 111~116

[journal] Rapi S / 1988 / Conducting polypyrrole by chemical synthesis in water / Synth Met 24(3) : 217~221

[journal] Zare NE / 2014 / Biodegradable polypyrrole/dextrin conductive nanocomposite : synthesis, characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial activity / Synth Met 187 : 9~16

[journal] Subramanian P / 2009 / Vapor-phase polymerization of pyrrole and 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene using iron(iii)2, 4, 6-tri methyl benzenesulfonate / Aust J Chem 62(2) : 133~139

[journal] Khalid M / 2013 / Electrical conductivity studies of polyaniline nanotubes doped with different sulfonic acids / Indian J Mater Sci 2013 : 1~7

[journal] Vivekanandan J / 2011 / Synthesis characterization and conductivity study of polyaniline prepared by chemical oxidative and electrochemical methods / Arch Appl Sci Res 3(6) : 147~153

[journal] Çolak N / 2000 / Doping of chemically synthesized polyaniline / Des Monomers Polym 3(2) : 181~189

[journal] Jiang C / 2012 / High-conversion synthesis of poly(3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene)by chemical oxidative polymerization / Synth Met 162(21–22) : 1968~1971

[journal] Wadatkar NS / 2018 / A novel studies on electrical behaviour of chemically synthesized conducting polyindole / Indian J Phys 92 : 1551~1559

[journal] Taylan NB / 2010 / Preparation of conducting poly(vinyl chloride)/polyindole composites and freestanding films via chemical polymerization / J Polym Sci Part B : Polym Phys 48(12) : 1290~1298

[journal] Jeon SS / 2010 / A facile and rapid synthesis of unsubstituted polythiophene with high electrical conductivity using binary organic solvents / Polymer 51(18) : 4069~4076

[journal] Li X / 2003 / Electrochemical preparation of polythiophene in acetonitrile solution with boron fluoride-ethyl ether as the electrolyte / J Appl Polym Sci 90(4) : 940~946

[journal] Li X-G / 2009 / Interfacial synthesis and widely controllable conductivity of polythiophene microparticles / J Phys Chem B 113(29) : 9718~9727

KJCKorea
Journal Central

Carbon Letters 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.35 KCI-WoS Impact Factor : 4.82

Factors affecting the electrical conductivity of conducting polymers

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

Citation status

This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between the WoS and the KCI journals. (as of 2024-07-26)

Total Citation Counts(KCI+WOS) (12) This is the number of times that the duplicate count has been removed by comparing the citation list of WoS and KCI.

Scopus Citation Counts (11) This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between articles in KCI and the SCOPUS journals. (as of 2024-07-01)

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

Carbon Letters 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.35 KCI-WoS Impact Factor : 4.82

Factors affecting the electrical conductivity of conducting polymers

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

Statistics

Tools

Issue List

Citation status

KCI Citation Counts (0)

WoS Citation Counts (12) This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between the WoS and the KCI journals. (as of 2024-07-26)

Total Citation Counts(KCI+WOS) (12) This is the number of times that the duplicate count has been removed by comparing the citation list of WoS and KCI.

Scopus Citation Counts (11) This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between articles in KCI and the SCOPUS journals. (as of 2024-07-01)

REFERENCES (135) * References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

Search PDF

Citation

This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between the WoS and the KCI journals. (as of 2024-07-26)

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.