Carbon-based materials in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: a critical review on performance and application

Madheswaran Dinesh Kumar; Thangavelu Praveenkumar; Krishna Ram; Thangamuthu Mohanraj; Joseph Chandran Arulmozhivarman; Colak Ilhami

doi:10.1007/s42823-023-00526-y

Carbon-based materials in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: a critical review on performance and application

Carbon Letters
Abbr : Carbon Lett.
2023, 33(6), pp.1495-1518
DOI : 10.1007/s42823-023-00526-y
Publisher : Korean Carbon Society
Research Area : Natural Science > Natural Science General > Other Natural Sciences General
Received : April 2, 2023
Accepted : May 3, 2023
Published : October 1, 2023

Madheswaran Dinesh Kumar ¹, Thangavelu Praveenkumar ¹, Krishna Ram ², Thangamuthu Mohanraj ³, Joseph Chandran Arulmozhivarman ³, Colak Ilhami ⁴

¹Green Vehicle Technology Research Centre, Department of Automobile Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, 603203, TN, India
²Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
³Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, 641112, TN, India
⁴Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are an auspicious energy conversion technology with the potential to address rising energy demands while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The stack’s performance, durability, and economy scale are greatly influenced by the materials used for the PEMFC, viz., the membrane electrocatalyst assembly (MEA) and bipolar flow plates (BPPs). Despite extensive study, carbon-based materials have outstanding physicochemical, electrical, and structural attributes crucial to stack performance, making them an excellent choice for PEMFC manufacturers. Carbon materials substantially impact the cost, performance, and durability of PEMFCs since they are prevalently sought for and widely employed in the construction of BPPs and gas diffusion layers (GDLs)) and in electrocatalysts as a support material. Consequently, it is essential to assemble a review that centers on utilizing such material potential, focusing on its research development, applications, problems, and future possibilities. The prime focus of this assessment is to offer a clear understanding of the potential roles of carbon and its allotropes in PEMFC applications. Consequently, this article comprehensively evaluates the applicability, functionality, recent advancements, and ambiguous concerns associated with carbon-based materials in PEMFCs.

KEYWORDS

Carbon Corrosion Nafion Platinum Power density Proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Citation status

This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between the WoS and the KCI journals. (as of 2024-07-26)

Total Citation Counts(KCI+WOS) (8) This is the number of times that the duplicate count has been removed by comparing the citation list of WoS and KCI.

Scopus Citation Counts (7) This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between articles in KCI and the SCOPUS journals. (as of 2024-07-01)

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

[journal] Akalework NG / 2012 / Ultrathin TiO2-coated MWCNTs with excellent conductivity and SMSI nature as Pt catalyst support for oxygen reduction reaction in PEMFCs / J Mater Chem 22 : 20977~20985

[journal] Alpaydin GU / 2019 / Performance of an HT-PEMFC having a catalyst with graphene and multiwalled carbon nanotube support / Int J Energy Res 43 : 3578~3589

[journal] Antunes RA / 2011 / Carbon materials in composite bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells : a review of the main challenges to improve electrical performance / J Power Sources 196 : 2945~2961

[journal] Athanasaki G / 2021 / Accelerated stress testing of PUREBLACK ® carbon-based gas diffusion layers with pore forming agent for proton exchange membrane fuel cells / Int J Hydrogen Energy 46 : 31754~31763

[journal] Bajpai A / 2022 / Investigation on 3D printing of graphene and multi-walled carbon nanotube mixed flexible electrically conductive parts using fused filament fabrication / J Materi Eng Perform : 1~10

[book] Banerjee J / 2019 / Emerging nanostructured materials for energy and environmental science / Springer : 51~104

[journal] Berber MR / 2015 / A highly durable fuel cell electrocatalyst based on double-polymer-coated carbon nanotubes / Sci Rep 5 : 16711~

[journal] Birat J-P / 2012 / Materials, beyond life cycle thinking / Metallur Res Technol 109 : 273~291

[journal] Borup RL / 2020 / Recent developments in catalyst-related PEM fuel cell durability / Curr Opin Electrochem 21 : 192~200

[journal] Brandão L / 2011 / Use of single wall carbon nanohorns in polymeric electrolyte fuel cells / J Mater Sci 46 : 7198~7205

[journal] Brodt M / 2013 / Nanofiber electrodes with low platinum loading for high power hydrogen/air PEM fuel cells / J Electrochem Soc 160 : F744~

[journal] Chen H / 2016 / Preparation and characterization of graphite/resin composite bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells / Sci Eng Compos Mater 23 : 21~28

[journal] Chen H / 2019 / The reactant starvation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells for vehicular applications : a review / Energy Convers Manage 182 : 282~298

[journal] Chen S / 2007 / Reduction–adsorption behavior of platinum ions on activated carbon fibers / J Mater Sci 42 : 9572~9581

[journal] Cruz-Martínez H / 2021 / Current progress of Pt-based ORR electrocatalysts for PEMFCs : an integrated view combining theory and experiment / Mater Today Phys 19 : 100406~

[journal] Cullen DA / 2021 / New roads and challenges for fuel cells in heavy-duty transportation / Nat Energy 6 : 462~474

[journal] Daud WRW / 2017 / PEM fuel cell system control : a review / Renew Energy 113 : 620~638

[journal] Destyorini F / 2021 / Formation of nanostructured graphitic carbon from coconut waste via low-temperature catalytic graphitisation / Eng Sci Technol Int J 24 : 514~523

[journal] Dhand V / 2021 / A comprehensive review on the prospects of multi-functional carbon nano onions as an effective, high-performance energy storage material / Carbon 175 : 534~575

[journal] Dreyer DR / 2014 / Harnessing the chemistry of graphene oxide / Chem Soc Rev 43 : 5288~5301

[journal] Escorihuela J / 2019 / Proton conductivity of composite polyelectrolyte membranes with metal-organic frameworks for fuel cell applications / Adv Mater Interfaces 6 : 1801146~

[journal] Etesami M / 2022 / Recent progress of electrocatalysts for hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cells / Int J Hydrogen Energy 47 : 41956~41973

[journal] Fadzillah DM / 2017 / Review on microstructure modelling of a gas diffusion layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cells / Renew Sustain Energy Rev 77 : 1001~1009

[journal] Fujigaya T / 2013 / Effective anchoring of Pt-nanoparticles onto sulfonated polyelectrolytewrapped carbon nanotubes for use as a fuel cell electrocatalyst / Polym J 45 : 326~330

[journal] Fujigaya T / 2017 / Ionomer grafting to polymer-wrapped carbon nanotubes for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell electrocatalyst / Chem Lett 46 : 1660~1663

[journal] Gautam RK / 2022 / A review of bipolar plate materials and flow field designs in the all-vanadium redox flow battery / J Energy Storage 48 : 104003~

[journal] Gumilar DA / 2018 / Fabrication of gas diffusion layer from carbon ramie fiber by hot press method / IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 432 : 012029~

[journal] Gupta C / 2016 / Development of multiwalled carbon nanotubes platinum nanocomposite as efficient PEM fuel cell catalyst / Mater Renew Sustain Energy 5 : 2~

[journal] Gupta Nikita / 2019 / Carbon nanotubes: synthesis, properties and engineering applications / Carbon Letters / 한국탄소학회 29(5) : 419~447

[journal] Hambardzumyan A / 2022 / Nafion membranes reinforced by cellulose nanocrystals for fuel cell applications : aspect ratio and heat treatment effects on physical properties / J Mater Sci 57 : 4684~4703

[journal] Han A / 2021 / Carbon-supported single-atom catalysts for formic acid oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions / Small 17 : 2004500~

[journal] Hu B / 2021 / High performance polyvinylidene fluoride/graphite/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite bipolar plate for PEMFC with segregated conductive networks / Int J Hydrogen Energy 46 : 25666~25676

[journal] Indayaningsih N / 2016 / Preparation of carbon composite from coconut fiber for gas diffusion layer / Ionics 22 : 1445~1449

[journal] Islam MN / 2022 / Designing fuel cell catalyst support for superior catalytic activity and low mass-transport resistance / Nat Commun 13 : 6157~

[journal] Iwan A / 2015 / Polymer fuel cell components modified by graphene : electrodes, electrolytes and bipolar plates / Renew Sustain Energy Rev 49 : 954~967

[journal] Jafri RI / 2010 / Nitrogen doped graphene nanoplatelets as catalyst support for oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cell / J Mater Chem 20 : 7114~7117

[journal] Jaleh B / 2022 / The role of carbon-based materials for fuel cells performance / Carbon 198 : 301~352

[journal] Jamil A / 2022 / Current status and future perspectives of proton exchange membranes for hydrogen fuel cells / Chemosphere 303 : 135204~

[journal] Jayakumar A / 2019 / A comprehensive assessment on the durability of gas diffusion electrode materials in PEM fuel cell stack / Front Energy 13 : 325~338

[journal] Jayakumar A / 2022 / Can hydrogen be the sustainable fuel for mobility in India in the global context? / Int J Hydrogen Energy 47 : 33571~33596

[journal] Jayakumar A / 2021 / A critical assessment on functional attributes and degradation mechanism of membrane electrode assembly components in direct methanol fuel cells / Sustainability 13 : 13938~

[book] Jayakumar A / 2023 / Nanotechnology-Based Additive Manufacturing / Wiley : 103~129

[journal] Jayakumar A / 2015 / A technical review on gas diffusion, mechanism and medium of PEM fuel cell / Ionics 21 : 1~18

[journal] Jeong KI / 2021 / A review of composite bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cells : electrical properties and gas permeability / Compos Struct 262 : 113617~

[journal] Jha N / 2013 / Functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubebased fuel cell benchmarked against US DOE 2017 technical targets / Sci Rep 3 : 2257~

[journal] Jiang X / 2012 / Exploring the potential of exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets as the conductive filler in polymeric nanocomposites for bipolar plates / J Power Sourc 218 : 297~306

[journal] Jiao K / 2021 / Designing the next generation of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells / Nature 595 : 361~369

[confproc] Job N / 2009 / Carbon xerogels as supports for catalysts and electrocatalysts / International Carbon Conference 2009

[journal] Kakati BK / 2013 / Efficient composite bipolar plate reinforced with carbon fiber and graphene for proton exchange membrane fuel cell / Int J Hydrogen Energy 38 : 9362~9369

[journal] Kakati BK / 2009 / The electrical conductivity of a composite bipolar plate for fuel cell applications / Carbon 47 : 2413~2418

[journal] Karousos DS / 2017 / Sonoelectrochemical one-pot synthesis of Pt—Carbon black nanocomposite PEMFC electrocatalyst / Ultrason Sonochem 35 : 591~597

[journal] Kaushal S / 2019 / Multiwall carbon nanotubes tailored porous carbon fiber paper-based gas diffusion layer performance in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell / Renew Energy 142 : 604~611

[journal] Kaya O / 2021 / Characterization of various carbon-based polypropylene nanocomposites / J Materi Eng Perform 30 : 190~201

[journal] Khosravi HS / 2021 / Electrochemical aspects of interconnect materials in PEMFCs / Int J Hydrogen Energy 46 : 35420~35447

[journal] 김득주 / 2015 / A review of polymer–nanocomposite electrolyte membranes for fuel cell application / Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry / 한국공업화학회 21(1) : 36~52

[journal] Kim Han Young / 2022 / Replacement effect of fresh electrolyte on the accelerated deactivation test and recovery process of Pt/C catalysts in a half-cell system / Carbon Letters / 한국탄소학회 32(1) : 313~319

[journal] Kim JY / 2014 / Highly durable electrocatalyst with graphitized carbon supports modified by diazonium reaction for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell / Carbon 77 : 525~537

[journal] Ko D / 2018 / The change of water distribution in porous media of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell after freeze/thaw cycles / Fuel Cells 18 : 413~421

[journal] Kuan Y-D / 2020 / Fuel cell stack design using carbon fiber composites / Sens Mater 32 : 4233~4244

[journal] Kumar Amit / 2021 / A review on the mechanical properties of polymer composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes and graphene / Carbon Letters / 한국탄소학회 31(2) : 149~165

[journal] Lee FC / 2022 / Alternative architectures and materials for PEMFC gas diffusion layers : a review and outlook / Renew Sustain Energy Rev 166 : 112640~

[journal] Lee HE / 2015 / Novel fabrication process for carbon fiber composite bipolar plates using sol gel and the double percolation effect for PEMFC / Compos Struct 134 : 44~51

[journal] Lees EW / 2022 / Gas diffusion electrodes and membranes for CO2reduction electrolysers / Nat Rev Mater 7 : 55~64

[journal] Li B / 2019 / High performance octahedral PtNi/C catalysts investigated from rotating disk electrode to membrane electrode assembly / Nano Res 12 : 281~287

[journal] Li H / 2023 / A perspective on influences of cathode material degradation on oxygen transport resistance in low Pt PEMFC / Nano Res 16 : 377~390

[journal] Li Y / 2020 / Synthesis of H2O2–CTAB dualmodified carbon black-supported Pt3Ni to improve catalytic activity for ORR / J Mater Sci 55 : 11241~11252

[journal] Lian B / 2020 / The quantitative analysis for the formation of carbon fiber paper and its influencing factors / J Mater Sci 55 : 6566~6580

[journal] Li-li F / 2021 / Research progress in carbon-based composite molded bipolar plates / gckxxb 43 : 585~593

[journal] Lin R / 2020 / Detailed optimization of multiwall carbon nanotubes doped microporous layer in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for enhanced performance / Appl Energy 274 : 115214~

[journal] Liu G / 2023 / Conductive polymer and nanoparticle-promoted polymer hybrid coatings for metallic bipolar plates in proton membrane exchange water electrolysis / Appl Sci 13 : 1244~

[journal] Liu Q / 2022 / A review of proton exchange membrane fuel cell’s bipolar plate design and fabrication process / J Power Sour 538 : 231543~

[journal] Liu S / 2023 / Engineering the catalyst layers towards enhanced local oxygen transport of Low-Pt proton exchange membrane fuel cells : Materials, designs, and methods / Int J Hydrogen Energy 48 : 4389~4417

[journal] Liu Z / 2022 / Review on system mitigation strategies for start-stop degradation of automotive proton exchange membrane fuel cell / Appl Energy 327 : 120058~

[journal] Luo Y / 2018 / Cold start of proton exchange membrane fuel cell / Prog Energy Combust Sci 64 : 29~61

[journal] Lyth SM / 2012 / Oxygen reduction activity of carbon nitride supported on carbon nanotubes / J Nanosci Nanotechnol 12 : 4887~4891

[journal] Madheswaran DK / 2021 / Recent advancements on non-platinum based catalyst electrode material for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells : a mini techno-economic review / Bull Mater Sci 44 : 287~

[journal] Madheswaran DK / 2022 / Recent advancement on thermal management strategies in PEM fuel cell stack : a technical assessment from the context of fuel cell electric vehicle application / Energy Sour Part A Recov Utilizat Environ Effects 44 : 3100~3125

[journal] Madheswaran DK / 2022 / Polymer based flow field plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell and the scope of additive manufacturing : a techno-economic review / Int J Energy Res 46 : 19737~19761

[journal] Maheshwari PH / 2014 / Role of fiber length and pore former on the porous network of carbon paper electrode and its performance in PEMFC / Fuel Cells 14 : 566~573

[journal] Mansir IB / 2023 / A focused review of carbon corrosion mechanism in proton exchange membrane fuel cell during start-up and shut-down processes / Energy Sour Part A Recov Utilizat Environ Effects 45 : 3231~3245

[journal] Mathew C / 2022 / A comprehensive review of current research on various materials used for developing composite bipolar plates in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells / Polym Compos 43 : 4100~4114

[journal] Mauger SA / 2018 / Fuel cell performance implications of membrane electrode assembly fabrication with platinum-nickel nanowire catalysts / J Electrochem Soc 165 : F238~

[journal] Mingge W / 2016 / Chromium interlayer amorphous carbon film for 304 stainless steel bipolar plate of proton exchange membrane fuel cell / Surf Coat Technol 307 : 374~381

[journal] Minke C / 2018 / Materials, system designs and modelling approaches in techno-economic assessment of all-vanadium redox flow batteries—a review / J Power Sour 376 : 66~81

[journal] Mohd Radzuan NA / 2019 / Fibre orientation effect on polypropylene/milled carbon fiber composites in the presence of carbon nanotubes or graphene as a secondary filler : application on PEM fuel cell bipolar plate / Int J Hydrogen Energy 44 : 30618~30626

[journal] Morgan JM / 2014 / Understanding the gas diffusion layer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. I. How its structural characteristics affect diffusion and performance / J Power Sources 251 : 269~278

[journal] Mubasher MM / 2021 / Structural, dielectric and electric modulus Studies of MnFe2O4/(MWCNTs)x nanocomposites / J Mater Eng Perform 30 : 4494~4503

[journal] Navarro A / 2021 / Production of gas diffusion layers with cotton fibers for its use in fuel cells / Res Square 1 : 1~11

[journal] Neelesh A / 2020 / The influence of MWCNT and hybrid(MWCNT/nanoclay)fillers on performance of EPDM-CIIR blends in nuclear applications : mechanical, hydrocarbon transport, and gamma-radiation aging characteristics / J Appl Polym Sci 137 : 49271~

[journal] Okonkwo PC / 2021 / A review of gas diffusion layer properties and water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cell system / Int J Energy Res 45 : 3780~3800

[journal] Olabi AG / 2022 / Novel trends in proton exchange membrane fuel cells / Energies 15 : 4949~

[journal] Owejan JE / 2012 / Surface chemistry of carbon black electrocatalyst supports as a result of a commercial synthethic route / ECS J Solid State Sci Technol 1 : M33~

[journal] Ozden A / 2019 / A review of gas diffusion layers for proton exchange membrane fuel cells—with a focus on characteristics, characterization techniques, materials and designs / Prog Energy Combust Sci 74 : 50~102

[journal] Pan Y / 2021 / Gas diffusion layer degradation in proton exchange membrane fuel cells : Mechanisms, characterization techniques and modelling approaches / Journal of Power Sources 513 : 230560~

[journal] Park J / 2015 / A review of the gas diffusion layer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells : durability and degradation / Appl Energy 155 : 866~880

[journal] Park J / 2016 / Effect of the pore size variation in the substrate of the gas diffusion layer on water management and fuel cell performance / Appl Energy 171 : 200~212

[journal] Park S / 2012 / A review of gas diffusion layer in PEM fuel cells : materials and designs / Int J Hydrogen Energy 37 : 5850~5865

[journal] Park S / 2011 / Effect of a GDL based on carbon paper or carbon cloth on PEM fuel cell performance / Fuel 90 : 436~440

[journal] Park Y-C / 2013 / Investigation of the corrosion of carbon supports in polymer electrolyte fuel cells using simulated startup/shutdown cycling / Electrochim Acta 91 : 195~207

[journal] Pathak AK / 2021 / Formation of 2D-layered(CH3NH3)3Sb2I9 lead-free perovskite phase from CH3NH3I and SbSI : photodetection activity in carbon based lateral devices / J Electron Mater 50 : 5989~5994

[journal] Phuangngamphan M / 2019 / Development of highly conductive graphite-/graphenefilled polybenzoxazine composites for bipolar plates in fuel cells / J Appl Polym Sci 136 : 47183~

[journal] Plonska-Brzezinska ME / 2019 / Carbon nano-onions : a review of recent progress in synthesis and applications / ChemNanoMat 5 : 568~580

[journal] Pollet BG / 2014 / The importance of ultrasonic parameters in the preparation of fuel cell catalyst inks / Electrochim Acta 128 : 292~303

[book] Popov BN / 2017 / electrocatalysts for low temperature fuel cells / Wiley : 489~509

[journal] Porstmann S / 2020 / A comprehensive comparison of state-of-the-art manufacturing methods for fuel cell bipolar plates including anticipated future industry trends / J Manuf Process 60 : 366~383

[journal] Prykhodko Y / 2021 / Progress in hybrid composite Nafion ®-based membranes for proton exchange fuel cell application / Chem Eng J 409 : 127329~

[journal] Qian W / 2017 / Frontiers in poly(ionic liquid)s : syntheses and applications / Chem Soc Rev 46 : 1124~1159

[journal] Rabiee H / 2021 / Gas diffusion electrodes(GDEs)for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and dinitrogen to value-added products : a review / Energy Environ Sci 14 : 1959~2008

[journal] Rajeshkumar L. / 2023 / Carbon nano-materials (CNMs) derived from biomass for energy storage applications: a review / Carbon Letters / 한국탄소학회 33(3) : 661~690

[journal] Ramachandran S / 2018 / Synthesis and characterization of graphene quantum dots/cobalt ferrite nanocomposite / IOP Conf Ser : Mater Sci Eng 310 : 012139~

[journal] Ramesh M. / 2021 / Carbon substrates: a review on fabrication, properties and applications / Carbon Letters / 한국탄소학회 31(4) : 557~580

[journal] Rasuli H / 2023 / Nanoparticle-decorated graphene/graphene oxide : synthesis, properties and applications / J Mater Sci 58 : 2971~2992

[journal] Ren X / 2020 / Current progress and performance improvement of Pt/C catalysts for fuel cells / J Mater Chem A 8 : 24284~24306

[journal] Rodríguez-Varela J / 2021 / Overview : current trends in green electrochemical energy conversion and storage / J Mater Res 36 : 4071~4083

[journal] Rout C / 2022 / A comparative total cost of ownership analysis of heavy duty on-road and off-road vehicles powered by hydrogen, electricity, and diesel / Heliyon 8 : e12417~

[journal] Saadat N / 2021 / Recent advances and future perspectives of carbon materials for fuel cell / Renew Sustain Energy Rev 138 : 110535~

[journal] Sahu SK / 2020 / Experimental investigation on multidimensional carbon nanofiller reinforcement in HDPE : an evaluation of mechanical performance / Mater Today Proc 24 : 415~421

[journal] Saner B / 2013 / Layer-by-layer polypyrrole coated graphite oxide and graphene nanosheets as catalyst support materials for fuel cells / Fullerenes Nanotubes Carbon Nanostruct 21 : 233~247

[journal] Serag Eman / 2022 / Recent developments in the application of carbon-based nanomaterials in implantable and wearable enzyme-biofuel cells / Carbon Letters / 한국탄소학회 32(2) : 395~412

[journal] Shahraeeni M / 2013 / Experimental and numerical comparison of water transport in untreated and treated diffusion layers of proton exchange membrane(PEM)fuel cells / J Power Sour 238 : 29~47

[journal] Shao Y / 2019 / PGM-free cathode catalysts for PEM fuel cells : a mini-review on stability challenges / Adv Mater 31 : 1807615~

[journal] Shukla A / 2016 / Simultaneous unzipping and sulfonation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to sulfonated graphene nanoribbons for nanocomposite membranes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells / J Membr Sci 520 : 657~670

[journal] Singh NP / 2019 / Graphene and carbon nanotube reinforced epoxy nanocomposites : a review / Polymer 180 : 121724~

[journal] Sinniah JD / 2022 / Perspectives on carbon-alternative materials as Pt catalyst supports for a durable oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells / J Power Sour 534 : 231422~

[journal] Soleymani AP / 2022 / Challenges and opportunities in understanding proton exchange membrane fuel cell materials degradation using in-situ electrochemical liquid cell transmission electron microscopy / Adv Func Mater 32 : 2105188~

[confproc] Song P / 2021 / Current status and research progress of bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells / 2021 International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON) : 202~208

[journal] Song Y / 2020 / Review on current research of materials, fabrication and application for bipolar plate in proton exchange membrane fuel cell / Int J Hydrogen Energy 45 : 29832~29847

[journal] Stein T / 2020 / Challenges and perspectives of metalbased proton exchange membrane’s bipolar plates : exploring durability and longevity / Energ Technol 8 : 2000007~

[journal] Su DS / 2013 / Nanocarbons for the development of advanced catalysts / Chem Rev 113 : 5782~5816

[journal] Su DS / 2010 / Nanostructured carbon and carbon nanocomposites for electrochemical energy storage applications / Chemsuschem 3 : 136~168

[journal] Su YL / 2022 / Tribological, anti-corrosion, and electrical conductivity properties of CrCx coatings deposited on stainless steel 316l and used as metal bipolar plates for fuel cells / J Materi Eng Perform 10 : 1007~

[journal] Suherman H / 2013 / Effect of small-sized conductive filler on the properties of an epoxy composite for a bipolar plate in a PEMFC / Ceram Int 39 : 7159~7166

[journal] Suherman H / 2013 / Effect of the compression molding parameters on the in-plane and through-plane conductivity of carbon nanotubes/graphite/epoxy nanocomposites as bipolar plate material for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell / Ceram Int 39 : 1277~1284

[journal] Sun Q / 2018 / On-surface synthesis of carbon nanostructures / Adv Mater 30 : 1705630~

[journal] Suzuki T / 2013 / Fabrication and performance evaluation of structurally-controlled PEMFC catalyst layers by blending platinum-supported and stand-alone carbon black / J Power Sour 233 : 269~276

[journal] Tellez-Cruz MM / 2021 / Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs) : advances and challenges / Polymers 13 : 3064~

[journal] Terrones M / 2010 / Graphene and graphite nanoribbons : Morphology, properties, synthesis, defects and applications / Nano Today 5 : 351~372

[journal] Tian X / 2020 / Advanced electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in energy conversion technologies / Joule 4 : 45~68

[journal] Trogadas P / 2014 / Carbon as catalyst and support for electrochemical energy conversion / Carbon 75 : 5~42

[journal] Tzelepis S / 2021 / A review study on proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrochemical performance focusing on anode and cathode catalyst layer modelling at macroscopic level / Renew Sustain Energy Rev 151 : 111543~

[journal] Ul Hassan N / 2019 / A competitive design and material consideration for fabrication of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell bipolar plates / Designs 3 : 13~

[book] Vul’ A / 2014 / Detonation nanodiamonds: science and applications / Jenny Stanford Publishing

[journal] Wang C / 2016 / Recent progress on the key materials and components for proton exchange membrane fuel cells in vehicle applications / Energies 9 : 603~

[journal] Wang H / 2015 / Functionalized highly porous graphitic carbon fibers for high-rate supercapacitive electrodes / Nano Energy 13 : 658~669

[journal] Wang J / 2011 / Shear induced fiber orientation, fiber breakage and matrix molecular orientation in long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composites / Mater Sci Eng, A 528 : 3169~3176

[journal] Wang J / 2018 / Preparation of an octahedral PtNi/CNT catalyst and its application in high durability PEMFC cathodes / RSC Adv 8 : 18381~18387

[journal] Wang L / 2016 / Electrochemical catalysis at low dimensional carbons : graphene, carbon nanotubes and beyond—a review / Appl Mater Today 5 : 134~141

[journal] Wang XX / 2019 / Achievements, challenges and perspectives on cathode catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells for transportation / Nat Catal 2 : 578~589

[journal] Wang Y / 2022 / PEM Fuel cell and electrolysis cell technologies and hydrogen infrastructure development—a review / Energy Environ Sci 15 : 2288~2328

[journal] Wang Y / 2022 / Preparation and corrosion resistance of chromium carbide coating on graphite by disproportionation reaction in molten salt / J of Materi Eng and Perform

[journal] Wang Y / 2021 / A fundamental comprehension and recent progress in advanced Pt-based ORR nanocatalysts / SmartMat 2 : 56~75

[journal] Wang Z / 2015 / Electrochemical doping of three-dimensional graphene networks used as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction / Nanoscale 7 : 9394~9398

[journal] Wang Z / 2021 / Manipulating interfacial polymerization for polymeric nanofilms of composite separation membranes / Prog Polym Sci 122 : 101450~

[book] Watanabe M / 2019 / Nanocarbons for energy conversion:supramolecular approaches, I / Springer International Publishing : 81~118

[journal] Wei J / 2020 / An ultra-thin, flexible, low-cost and scalable gas diffusion layer composed of carbon nanotubes for high-performance fuel cells / J Mater Chem A 8 : 5986~5994

[journal] Witpathomwong S / 2020 / Highly filled graphite/graphene/carbon nanotube in polybenzoxazine composites for bipolar plate in PEMFC / Int J Hydrogen Energy 45 : 30898~30910

[journal] Wlodarczyk R / 2019 / Carbon-based materials for bipolar plates for low-temperatures PEM fuel cells—a review / Funct Mater Lett 12 : 1930001~

[journal] Wu D / 2020 / Review of System Integration and Control of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells / Electrochem Energ Rev 3 : 466~505

[journal] Xiong K / 2021 / Modeling, design, materials and fabrication of bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cell : a review / Appl Energy 301 : 117443~

[journal] Xu M / 2021 / Sulfonated poly(arylene ether)s based proton exchange membranes for fuel cells / Int J Hydrogen Energy 46 : 31727~31753

[journal] Yakoumis I / 2018 / Real life experimental determination of platinum group metals content in automotive catalytic converters / IOP Conf Ser : Mater Sci Eng 329 : 012009~

[journal] Yan Q-Q / 2021 / Engineering the electronic interaction between metals and carbon supports for oxygen/hydrogen electrocatalysis / ACS Materials Lett 3 : 1197~1212

[journal] Yang K / 2021 / Role of the carbon-based gas diffusion layer on flooding in a gas diffusion electrode cell for Electrochemical CO2reduction / ACS Energy Lett 6 : 33~40

[journal] Yang W-H / 2019 / The synthesis of Fe@CNT-Fe/N/C catalyst and application for oxygen reduction reaction on fuel cell / Fullerenes Nanotubes Carbon Nanostruct 27 : 961~966

[journal] Yang Y / 2021 / Highly active PtCo nanoparticles on hierarchically ordered mesoporous carbon support for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells / J Mater Sci 56 : 13083~13095

[journal] Yang Y / 2021 / Failure behavior of gas diffusion layer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells / J Power Sour 515 : 230655~

[journal] Yang Z / 2015 / Durable Pt electrocatalyst supported on a 3D nanoporous carbon shows high performance in a high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell / ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7 : 9800~9806

[journal] Yarar Kaplan B / 2020 / Platinum nanoparticles decorated carbon nanofiber hybrids as highly active electrocatalysts for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells / Int J Energy Res 44 : 10251~10261

[journal] Yarar Kaplan B / 2017 / Flexible carbon–cellulose fiber-based composite gas diffusion layer for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells / J Mater Sci 52 : 4968~4976

[journal] Ye X / 2023 / Zero to three dimension structure evolution from carbon allotropes to phosphorus allotropes / Adv Mater Interfaces 10 : 2201941~

[journal] 연제현 / 2019 / Generation of carbon nano-onions by laser irradiation of gaseous hydrocarbons for high durability catalyst support in proton exchange membrane fuel cells / Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry / 한국공업화학회 80 : 65~73

[journal] Yoo E / 2011 / Sub-nano-Pt cluster supported on graphene nanosheets for CO tolerant catalysts in polymer electrolyte fuel cells / J Power Sour 196 : 110~115

[journal] Zamel N / 2016 / The catalyst layer and its dimensionality—a look into its ingredients and how to characterize their effects / J Power Sour 309 : 141~159

[journal] Zannotti M / 2016 / Spectroscopic studies of porphyrin functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes and their interaction with TiO2nanoparticles surface / Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 153 : 22~29

[journal] Zeis R / 2015 / Materials and characterization techniques for hightemperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells / Beilstein J Nanotechnol 6 : 68~83

[journal] Zhakeyev A / 2017 / Additive manufacturing : unlocking the evolution of energy materials / Adv Sci 4 : 1700187~

[journal] Zhang C / 2017 / Networking pyrolyzed zeolitic imidazolate frameworks by carbon nanotubes improves conductivity and enhances oxygenreduction performance in polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cells / Adv Mater 29 : 1604556~

[journal] Zhang H / 2013 / The impact of potential cycling on PEMFC durability / J Electrochem Soc 160 : F840~

[journal] Zhang J / 2021 / Recent insights on catalyst layers for anion exchange membrane fuel cells / Advanced Science 8 : 2100284~

[journal] Zhang Y / 2015 / Recent developments on alternative proton exchange membranes : strategies for systematic performance improvement / Energ Technol 3 : 675~691

[journal] Zhao G / 2021 / Non-platinum group metal electrocatalysts toward efficient hydrogen oxidation reaction / Adv Func Mater 31 : 2010633~

KJCKorea
Journal Central

Carbon Letters 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.35 KCI-WoS Impact Factor : 4.82

Carbon-based materials in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: a critical review on performance and application

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

Citation status

This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between the WoS and the KCI journals. (as of 2024-07-26)

Total Citation Counts(KCI+WOS) (8) This is the number of times that the duplicate count has been removed by comparing the citation list of WoS and KCI.

Scopus Citation Counts (7) This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between articles in KCI and the SCOPUS journals. (as of 2024-07-01)

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

Carbon Letters 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.35 KCI-WoS Impact Factor : 4.82

Carbon-based materials in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: a critical review on performance and application

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

Statistics

Tools

Issue List

Citation status

KCI Citation Counts (0)

WoS Citation Counts (8) This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between the WoS and the KCI journals. (as of 2024-07-26)

Total Citation Counts(KCI+WOS) (8) This is the number of times that the duplicate count has been removed by comparing the citation list of WoS and KCI.

Scopus Citation Counts (7) This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between articles in KCI and the SCOPUS journals. (as of 2024-07-01)

REFERENCES (181) * References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

Search PDF

Citation

This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between the WoS and the KCI journals. (as of 2024-07-26)

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.