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Fabrication of ZnO-doped reduce graphene oxide-based electrochemical sensor for the determination of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol from aqueous environment

  • Carbon Letters
  • Abbr : Carbon Lett.
  • 2024, 34(1), pp.201-214
  • DOI : 10.1007/s42823-023-00562-8
  • Publisher : Korean Carbon Society
  • Research Area : Natural Science > Natural Science General > Other Natural Sciences General
  • Received : January 2, 2023
  • Accepted : June 17, 2023
  • Published : February 1, 2024

Nawaz Muhammad 1 Shaikh Huma 1 Buledi Jamil A. 1 Solangi Amber R. 1 Karaman Ceren 2 Erk Nevin 3 Darabi Rozhin 4 Camarada Maria B. 5

1National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh
2Department of Electricity and Energy, Akdeniz University
3Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
4School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave
5Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-Von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Environmental pollution has become an alarming issue for the modern world due to the extensive release of untreated chemical waste into freshwater bodies. Untreated chemical waste poses significant negative impacts on aquatic life and human health. The phenolic compounds are widely used in different industries for dyeing, as food preservatives, and for the production of pesticides. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (TCP) is among the most hazardous phenolic compounds that cause several serious health effects. Thus, it is important to monitor TCP in the environmental samples frequently. In the current work, it was aimed to develop a highly sensitive zinc oxide-doped (ZnO) reduce graphene oxide (rGO) composite-based electrochemical sensor for TCP monitoring in the real samples. In this regard, graphene oxide (GO) was simultaneously reduced and doped with ZnO using a facile microwave-assisted synthesis strategy. The resulting ZnO/rGO composite was successfully utilized to fabricate ZnO/rGO-modified glassy carbon electrode (ZnO/rGO/GCE) for the selective and trace level determination of TCP. The conductivity and electrocatalytic behaviors of ZnO/rGO/GCE were examined through different modes of electrochemical setup. Under the optimal operating conditions such as a scan rate of 80 mV.s−1, PBS electrolyte (pH 7.0), and the concentration range of 0.01–80 µM, the fabricated electrochemical sensor manifested outstanding responses for monitoring TCP. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the ZnO/rGO/GCE for TCP were found as 0.0067 µM and 0.019 µM, respectively. Moreover, the anti-interference profile and stable nature of ZnO/rGO/GCE made the suggested electrochemical sensor a superb tool for quantifying TCP in a real matrix.

Citation status

Scopus Citation Counts (10) This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between articles in KCI and the SCOPUS journals. (as of 2024-10-01)

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.