Toward High Energy and Durable Anodes: Critical Review on Li4Ti5O12-MXene Composites

Fereshteh Abbasi; Farshad Boorboor Ajdari; Mohammadreza Mansournia; Parnaz Asghari; Ali Molaei Aghdam

doi:10.1007/s42823-025-00888-5

Toward High Energy and Durable Anodes: Critical Review on Li4Ti5O12-MXene Composites

Carbon Letters
Abbr : Carbon Lett.
2025, 35(2), pp.515~537
DOI : 10.1007/s42823-025-00888-5
Publisher : Korean Carbon Society
Research Area : Natural Science > Natural Science General > Other Natural Sciences General
Received : October 30, 2024
Accepted : February 21, 2025
Published : June 5, 2025

Fereshteh Abbasi ¹, Farshad Boorboor Ajdari ², Mohammadreza Mansournia ¹, Parnaz Asghari ¹, Ali Molaei Aghdam ³

¹University of Kashan
²Xi’an Jiaotong University
³Auburn University

Accredited

ABSTRACT

LTO is a commercial anode material that contributes to delivered energy and cycle stability. With affordability and high energy density, graphite faces limited cycle time and inferior stability. Here, we discussed the LTO challenges and compared the Ti-based anode from the original structure to the LTO-MXene composites, which are promising alternative anodes. Spinel lithium titanate (LTO) possesses high working voltage, stability, safety, and negligible volume change, while it suffers from low electronic conductivity that limits rate performance at large current densities. 2D Mxenes have recently drawn attention to various applications due to high conductivity, large surface area, flexibility, and polar surface benefits. We critically reviewed the synthesis approaches, morphology views, and electrochemical behavior of LTO-MXene as new anode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). There are few reports on LTO-MXene anodes in LIBs. They provide a synergistic action of LTO and MXene, enhancing the accessibility of electrolytes and reducing the distance, benefiting fast diffusion. This review paper sheds light on how the synthesis approaches can directly affect LIB configurations' durability and energy density and lead researchers to develop features of LTO anodes with promising engagement.

KEYWORDS

Li-ion battery, LTO, MXene, Cycle life, Ti-based anodes

Citation status

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Total Citation Counts(KCI+WOS) (9) This is the number of times that the duplicate count has been removed by comparing the citation list of WoS and KCI.

* References for papers published after 2025 are currently being built.

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Carbon Letters 2025 KCI Impact Factor : 0.73 KCI-WoS Impact Factor : 6.26

Toward High Energy and Durable Anodes: Critical Review on Li4Ti5O12-MXene Composites

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Carbon Letters 2025 KCI Impact Factor : 0.73 KCI-WoS Impact Factor : 6.26

Toward High Energy and Durable Anodes: Critical Review on Li4Ti5O12-MXene Composites

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WoS Citation Counts (9) This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between the WoS and the KCI journals. (as of 2026-07-09)

Total Citation Counts(KCI+WOS) (9) This is the number of times that the duplicate count has been removed by comparing the citation list of WoS and KCI.

REFERENCES (167) * References for papers published after 2025 are currently being built.

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This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between the WoS and the KCI journals. (as of 2026-07-09)

* References for papers published after 2025 are currently being built.