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Janus-Wettability electrode with porous PVA-PDMS interface for enhanced ion transport and high-performance supercapacitor

  • Carbon Letters
  • Abbr : Carbon Lett.
  • 2025, 35(5), pp.2067~2079
  • DOI : 10.1007/s42823-025-00900-y
  • Publisher : Korean Carbon Society
  • Research Area : Natural Science > Natural Science General > Other Natural Sciences General
  • Received : January 19, 2025
  • Accepted : March 15, 2025
  • Published : December 11, 2025

Yaru Ding 1 Haojie Zhang 1 Rangtong Liu 1 Yifan Wang 1 Yan Zheng 1

1Zhongyuan University of Technology

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Surface wetting gradient design plays a crucial role in enhancing liquid transportation in smart devices. However, achieving Janus wetting interfacial design to manage high-efficient ion transport paths remains a great challenge in textile electrodes. Herein, a porous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel layer was constructed on one side of the composite electrode, while a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) solution was sprayed onto the opposite side of electrode to obtain an asymmetric Janus-wettability textile electrode. Furthermore, the design of asymmetric wettability gradient and multilevel structure has been facilitated to directional liquid self-drive and ion transmission in a Janus-wettability textile electrode. Compared with the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of pure PDMS superhydrophobic electrode (1.58 Ω), the Rct of Janus-wettability electrode was 1.31 Ω, which reveals that the porous PVA layer is beneficial to promoting a rapid electron transfer. For solid-state supercapacitors (FSCs) with Janus-wettability electrode, the Rct of Janus-FSCs (0.5 Ω) was reduced by 90% compared to the composite FSCs (4.6 Ω) without PDMS coating, confirming a faster ionic diffusion after the introduction of stable PDMS superhydrophobic surface for wettability gradient. Moreover, the Janus-wettability FSCs also achieved a specific energy density of 0.104 mWh cm−2 at 1.2 mW cm−2, and cycle stability (96.8% after 10,000 cycles). These insights demonstrate the effectiveness of interface coordination in textile electrodes for enhancing electrochemical performance.

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