Characterization of high-temperature heat-treated bamboo-based white charcoals for lithium ion battery electrode

Young‑Soon Kim (김영순); Seung‑Kon Ryu; Kiseon Lee (이기선); Hyun Cho; Dong‑Wha Ryu (류승곤); Hong‑Gun Kim (김홍건); Lee‑Ku Kwac (곽이구)

doi:10.1007/s42823-025-00930-6

Characterization of high-temperature heat-treated bamboo-based white charcoals for lithium ion battery electrode

Carbon Letters
Abbr : Carbon Lett.
2025, 35(5), pp.2365~2379
DOI : 10.1007/s42823-025-00930-6
Publisher : Korean Carbon Society
Research Area : Natural Science > Natural Science General > Other Natural Sciences General
Received : March 5, 2025
Accepted : May 16, 2025
Published : December 11, 2025

Young‑Soon Kim ¹, Seung‑Kon Ryu ², Kiseon Lee ¹, Hyun Cho ³, Dong‑Wha Ryu ¹, Hong‑Gun Kim ¹, Lee‑Ku Kwac ¹

¹전주대학교
²Jeonju University
³Global Prodigy Academy

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Bamboo charcoal has high ecological and economic value, and is a sustainable and valuable resource for the development of advanced materials such as supercapacitors and batteries. The carbon content in bamboo-based white charcoal produced in traditional Korean kiln reaches 100% when the charcoals heat treated up to 2400℃. X-ray diffraction shows that graphite begins to form at 1500℃, becomes more pronounced at 1800℃, and crystallizes into a dense turbostratic structure at 2000℃. At 2400℃, discrete graphite peaks are confirmed in d002 and d100 planes, while carbon isotope peaks disappear. Raman spectroscopy shows that graphite crystals form at 1800℃, as indicated by a clear 2D band at 2680 cm⁻1. At 2400℃, the height of the D band at 1350 cm⁻1 is lower than that of the G band at 1580 cm⁻1, indicating a high degree of graphitization. The isothermal nitrogen adsorption–desorption curves show that the monolayer value of the sample decreases up to 1300℃, accompanied by a low-pressure hysteresis phenomenon. When heat-treated at 1500℃ or higher, this phenomenon disappears and the monolayer value decreases significantly, indicating the disappearance of micropores and occurrence of graphitization. After 10 min. of heat treatment at 2400℃, the specific surface area of the graphitized charcoal becomes 8.45 m2/g, similar to that of artificial graphite, which shows promising results of 217 mAh/g at a current density of 0.02 A/g for using in Lithium ion battery electrode.

KEYWORDS

Bamboo, Charcoal, Surface morphology, Porosity, Graphitization, Adsorption characteristics

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Total Citation Counts(KCI+WOS) (2) This is the number of times that the duplicate count has been removed by comparing the citation list of WoS and KCI.

* References for papers published after 2025 are currently being built.

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This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.

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Carbon Letters 2025 KCI Impact Factor : 0.73 KCI-WoS Impact Factor : 6.26

Characterization of high-temperature heat-treated bamboo-based white charcoals for lithium ion battery electrode

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

Citation status

This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between the WoS and the KCI journals. (as of 2026-07-09)

Total Citation Counts(KCI+WOS) (2) This is the number of times that the duplicate count has been removed by comparing the citation list of WoS and KCI.

* References for papers published after 2025 are currently being built.

Carbon Letters 2025 KCI Impact Factor : 0.73 KCI-WoS Impact Factor : 6.26

Characterization of high-temperature heat-treated bamboo-based white charcoals for lithium ion battery electrode

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Total Citation Counts(KCI+WOS) (2) This is the number of times that the duplicate count has been removed by comparing the citation list of WoS and KCI.

REFERENCES (67) * References for papers published after 2025 are currently being built.

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This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between the WoS and the KCI journals. (as of 2026-07-09)

* References for papers published after 2025 are currently being built.