@article{ART003273937},
author={Muhammad Taqi‑uddeen Safian and Bothi Raja Pandian and Nur Ezzah Abdul Kahar and Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim},
title={Mechanical exfoliation of coconut husk into bio-based graphene for sustainable drilling mud: a Taguchi–GRA Study},
journal={Carbon Letters},
issn={1976-4251},
year={2025},
volume={35},
number={5},
pages={2459-2475},
doi={10.1007/s42823-025-00938-y}
TY - JOUR
AU - Muhammad Taqi‑uddeen Safian
AU - Bothi Raja Pandian
AU - Nur Ezzah Abdul Kahar
AU - Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim
TI - Mechanical exfoliation of coconut husk into bio-based graphene for sustainable drilling mud: a Taguchi–GRA Study
JO - Carbon Letters
PY - 2025
VL - 35
IS - 5
PB - Korean Carbon Society
SP - 2459
EP - 2475
SN - 1976-4251
AB - This study investigates the sustainable synthesis of biobased graphene (BG) derived from coconut husk waste and its application in eco-friendly water-based drilling muds (WBM). The BG was prepared through thermal exfoliation of lignin and utilized as a fluid loss additive, while benzimidazole (BI) was incorporated to serve as a corrosion inhibitor. To optimize performance, the Taguchi method was combined with Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), targeting three key parameters: viscosity, fluid loss, and corrosion resistance. Structural characterization revealed that BG synthesized at 1000 °C exhibited improved graphitic ordering, with an average flake diameter of around 20 nm and an interlayer spacing (d-spacing) of 3.49 Å. In terms of performance, incorporating 0.5 wt% BG reduced fluid loss by 50%, while 5 wt% BI delivered an impressive corrosion inhibition efficiency of 96.9%. The optimal mud formulation was achieved using 0.5 wt% BG, 5 wt% BI, 60 min of mixing time, and 8 wt% bentonite. Altogether, this work highlights a sustainable pathway for drilling fluid formulation by valorizing agricultural waste and minimizing additive loadings—without compromising on performance or environmental compatibility.
KW - Bio-based graphene;Coconut husk;Water-based mud;Benzimidazole;Taguchi-grey relational analysis;Cleaner production
DO - 10.1007/s42823-025-00938-y
ER -
Muhammad Taqi‑uddeen Safian, Bothi Raja Pandian, Nur Ezzah Abdul Kahar and Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim. (2025). Mechanical exfoliation of coconut husk into bio-based graphene for sustainable drilling mud: a Taguchi–GRA Study. Carbon Letters, 35(5), 2459-2475.
Muhammad Taqi‑uddeen Safian, Bothi Raja Pandian, Nur Ezzah Abdul Kahar and Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim. 2025, "Mechanical exfoliation of coconut husk into bio-based graphene for sustainable drilling mud: a Taguchi–GRA Study", Carbon Letters, vol.35, no.5 pp.2459-2475. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-025-00938-y
Muhammad Taqi‑uddeen Safian, Bothi Raja Pandian, Nur Ezzah Abdul Kahar, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim "Mechanical exfoliation of coconut husk into bio-based graphene for sustainable drilling mud: a Taguchi–GRA Study" Carbon Letters 35.5 pp.2459-2475 (2025) : 2459.
Muhammad Taqi‑uddeen Safian, Bothi Raja Pandian, Nur Ezzah Abdul Kahar, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim. Mechanical exfoliation of coconut husk into bio-based graphene for sustainable drilling mud: a Taguchi–GRA Study. 2025; 35(5), 2459-2475. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-025-00938-y
Muhammad Taqi‑uddeen Safian, Bothi Raja Pandian, Nur Ezzah Abdul Kahar and Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim. "Mechanical exfoliation of coconut husk into bio-based graphene for sustainable drilling mud: a Taguchi–GRA Study" Carbon Letters 35, no.5 (2025) : 2459-2475.doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-00938-y
Muhammad Taqi‑uddeen Safian; Bothi Raja Pandian; Nur Ezzah Abdul Kahar; Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim. Mechanical exfoliation of coconut husk into bio-based graphene for sustainable drilling mud: a Taguchi–GRA Study. Carbon Letters, 35(5), 2459-2475. doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-00938-y
Muhammad Taqi‑uddeen Safian; Bothi Raja Pandian; Nur Ezzah Abdul Kahar; Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim. Mechanical exfoliation of coconut husk into bio-based graphene for sustainable drilling mud: a Taguchi–GRA Study. Carbon Letters. 2025; 35(5) 2459-2475. doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-00938-y
Muhammad Taqi‑uddeen Safian, Bothi Raja Pandian, Nur Ezzah Abdul Kahar, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim. Mechanical exfoliation of coconut husk into bio-based graphene for sustainable drilling mud: a Taguchi–GRA Study. 2025; 35(5), 2459-2475. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-025-00938-y
Muhammad Taqi‑uddeen Safian, Bothi Raja Pandian, Nur Ezzah Abdul Kahar and Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim. "Mechanical exfoliation of coconut husk into bio-based graphene for sustainable drilling mud: a Taguchi–GRA Study" Carbon Letters 35, no.5 (2025) : 2459-2475.doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-00938-y
