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Next-generation perovskite solar cells empowered by carbon based materials: challenges and future opportunities

  • Carbon Letters
  • Abbr : Carbon Lett.
  • 2026, 36(1), pp.75~114
  • DOI : 10.1007/s42823-025-00996-2
  • Publisher : Korean Carbon Society
  • Research Area : Natural Science > Natural Science General > Other Natural Sciences General
  • Received : July 11, 2025
  • Accepted : December 19, 2025
  • Published : February 1, 2026

Kumari Neha 1 Chauhan Prerit 1 Sharma Vishal 1 Kaur Gun Anit 1 Kumar Sahil 1 Shandilya Mamta 1

1Shoolini University

Accredited

ABSTRACT

As the global need for clean and sustainable energy sources grows, research into alternatives to fossil fuels has intensified. Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) stand out among new photovoltaic technologies due to their impressive efficiencies and cost-effective, solution-based production. However, their long-term instability poses a significant challenge to their commercialization. This review offers a thorough examination of recent advancements in improving PSC performance by incorporating carbon-based materials, such as carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon black into various components of the devices. These materials provide distinct benefits, including outstanding chemical stability, high electrical conductivity, environmental durability, and compatibility with scalable manufacturing methods. By evaluating synthesis methods, interfacial engineering techniques, and performance results, this article demonstrates how carbon materials can enhance device efficiency, mechanical flexibility, and operational stability simultaneously. The review concludes by identifying future opportunities and research directions for carbon-enhanced PSCs, paving the way for cost-effective, durable, and sustainable next-generation solar technologies.

Citation status

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