@article{ART003341887},
author={Li Xinxin and Ren Fumin and Liu Junshi and Jia Sibo and Ge Xiaoyu and Guo Houliang},
title={In-situ hydrogen-reduced red mud/apple peel biochar with highly loaded nZVI for efficient removal of organic pollutants},
journal={Carbon Letters},
issn={1976-4251},
year={2026},
volume={36},
number={1},
pages={177-199},
doi={10.1007/s42823-025-01006-1}
TY - JOUR
AU - Li Xinxin
AU - Ren Fumin
AU - Liu Junshi
AU - Jia Sibo
AU - Ge Xiaoyu
AU - Guo Houliang
TI - In-situ hydrogen-reduced red mud/apple peel biochar with highly loaded nZVI for efficient removal of organic pollutants
JO - Carbon Letters
PY - 2026
VL - 36
IS - 1
PB - Korean Carbon Society
SP - 177
EP - 199
SN - 1976-4251
AB - The rapid increase of global solid waste poses significant environmental challenges. In this work, two abundant wastes—red mud and apple peel—were used as precursors to prepare zero-valent iron biochar for efficient pollutant removal. This study innovatively developed a green, low-temperature in-situ hydrogen reduction strategy via one-step copper-catalyzed ethanol decomposition, which generated in-situ hydrogen and uniformly dispersed high-load Fe0 without the need for external hydrogen or hazardous reagents. Compared with N2 pyrolysis, in-situ H2 treatment enlarged the pore size by 17.2%, increased surface oxygen functionalities, and enhanced active site exposure and electron transfer, markedly improving reactivity. The composite exhibited high saturation magnetization (33.13 emu g–1) for rapid magnetic separation, low iron leaching (≤ 0.13 mg L–1), and retained over 63% removal efficiency after four cycles. Removal efficiencies reached 87.77 − 98.50% for MB, RhB, and TC in single-dye systems, and remained high at 70.09 − 84.32% in multi-dye wastewater. Synergistic mechanisms involving porous adsorption, Fe–O coordination, π–π interaction, and NZVI-mediated reduction contributed to superior performance. This sustainable strategy enhances the waste value and provides effective and environmentally safe solutions for complex wastewater treatment, promoting resource recovery and pollution control.
KW - Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) Red mud/Apple peel biochar (RMAPBC) In-situ (H2) reduction Dye wastewater treatment Adsorption–reduction synergy
DO - 10.1007/s42823-025-01006-1
ER -
Li Xinxin, Ren Fumin, Liu Junshi, Jia Sibo, Ge Xiaoyu and Guo Houliang. (2026). In-situ hydrogen-reduced red mud/apple peel biochar with highly loaded nZVI for efficient removal of organic pollutants. Carbon Letters, 36(1), 177-199.
Li Xinxin, Ren Fumin, Liu Junshi, Jia Sibo, Ge Xiaoyu and Guo Houliang. 2026, "In-situ hydrogen-reduced red mud/apple peel biochar with highly loaded nZVI for efficient removal of organic pollutants", Carbon Letters, vol.36, no.1 pp.177-199. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-025-01006-1
Li Xinxin, Ren Fumin, Liu Junshi, Jia Sibo, Ge Xiaoyu, Guo Houliang "In-situ hydrogen-reduced red mud/apple peel biochar with highly loaded nZVI for efficient removal of organic pollutants" Carbon Letters 36.1 pp.177-199 (2026) : 177.
Li Xinxin, Ren Fumin, Liu Junshi, Jia Sibo, Ge Xiaoyu, Guo Houliang. In-situ hydrogen-reduced red mud/apple peel biochar with highly loaded nZVI for efficient removal of organic pollutants. 2026; 36(1), 177-199. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-025-01006-1
Li Xinxin, Ren Fumin, Liu Junshi, Jia Sibo, Ge Xiaoyu and Guo Houliang. "In-situ hydrogen-reduced red mud/apple peel biochar with highly loaded nZVI for efficient removal of organic pollutants" Carbon Letters 36, no.1 (2026) : 177-199.doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-01006-1
Li Xinxin; Ren Fumin; Liu Junshi; Jia Sibo; Ge Xiaoyu; Guo Houliang. In-situ hydrogen-reduced red mud/apple peel biochar with highly loaded nZVI for efficient removal of organic pollutants. Carbon Letters, 36(1), 177-199. doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-01006-1
Li Xinxin; Ren Fumin; Liu Junshi; Jia Sibo; Ge Xiaoyu; Guo Houliang. In-situ hydrogen-reduced red mud/apple peel biochar with highly loaded nZVI for efficient removal of organic pollutants. Carbon Letters. 2026; 36(1) 177-199. doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-01006-1
Li Xinxin, Ren Fumin, Liu Junshi, Jia Sibo, Ge Xiaoyu, Guo Houliang. In-situ hydrogen-reduced red mud/apple peel biochar with highly loaded nZVI for efficient removal of organic pollutants. 2026; 36(1), 177-199. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-025-01006-1
Li Xinxin, Ren Fumin, Liu Junshi, Jia Sibo, Ge Xiaoyu and Guo Houliang. "In-situ hydrogen-reduced red mud/apple peel biochar with highly loaded nZVI for efficient removal of organic pollutants" Carbon Letters 36, no.1 (2026) : 177-199.doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-01006-1
