2023, Vol.69, No.

Cross-Cultural Studies 2022 KCI Impact Factor : 0.61

pISSN : 1598-0685 / eISSN : 2671-9088
https://journal.kci.go.kr/ccs

In this paper, the male-to-female ratio and characteristics of female characters appearing in dice board games and postage stamps in both Korea and Japan were examined from the perspective of gender. First, the ratio of men and women in backgammon, which is a great historical figure in Korea, is 13.5:1, and the ratio of men and women in postage stamps is 5.5:1, which means that there are relatively fewer women than men. There were many virtuous women or anti-Japanese patriotic martyrs from a Confucian perspective. On the other hand, the ratio of men and women in Japanese backgammon is 8:1, and the ratio of men and women in postage stamps is 2.4:1, and similarly, there are fewer women.　As for the female characters, there were many poets of waka (和歌) or female writers. It can be seen that the ratio of female figures in Japan is about twice as high as that in Korea, and this is related to the gender ratio gap (8:1 in Korea, and 4:1 in Japan) confirmed in keywords, such as filial piety, and classic databases in both Korea and Japan.　In particular, the 9:1 male-to-female ratio in the Japanese culture postage stamp series is interesting, as it symbolizes gender inequality in modern Japanese politics.

Prior to modern times, China maintained a feudal state relationship with Korea. This Korea-China relationship originated from the Chinese worldview. After the Opium War, China became the subject of invasion by the imperialist powers. In this way, it has been reduced to colonies and anti-colonies by the force of imperialist powers, and China and Korea share similar modern and contemporary experiences of the anti-Japanese movement. In the process, the two countries have a similar sense of solidarity. This sense of solidarity is summoned as a figure in literary works. After the defeat of the Japanese colonial rule, China experienced a war of ideology called the Korean War. In this war, China dispatched troops to North Korea in the name of international solidarity of the socialist country. However, in the 21st century, the history of division of the Korean Peninsula is being erased in the memory of "Anti-U.S & support North Korea." to the Korean War. This elimination is evident in the movie "Main Melody Films" based on “Anti-U.S & support North Korea”. This can be attributed to the deterioration of the U.S.-China relations and the international status of G2 that China had in the 21st century. In this paper, we attempt to learn about the perspective of Chinese literature, such as novels and movies since modern times, summoning Korea's anti-Japanese movement and division history.

Among the Korean grammar items, there are many items that are similar in meaning or usage in form, meaning, and pragmatic use. Items with similar forms may be used in a confused manner, and if there is a slight difference in meaning, foreign learners who do not have any intuition in Korean will experience difficulties. In this paper, among the grammar items presented in various ways among the six Korean language textbooks published and widely used by Korea’s representative university-affiliated Korean language educational institutions, those that could be included in similar grammar items were extracted and the list was presented at a glance. It was summarized and arranged so that the items that appeared in more textbooks could be compared and listed. In addition, the problems that appeared in the presentation method of similar grammar were critically considered and a desirable presentation method was proposed.