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In this paper, I focused on the case of Yokkaichi City, Mie Prefecture, which is seeking to revitalize the region through yokai culture, and was able to examine the following points. First, Yokkaichi City has transformed from an image of an environmentally polluted city to an image of a city of cultural transmission. It is noteworthy that, while making efforts to improve environmental pollution, the city has also created an image of a city of cultural transmission by using traditional culture festivals, a unique cultural resource of the region, to shed its negative image as a polluted area. In addition, there is a movement to remember the legacy of suffering in order to pass on a sustainable environment to future generations, rather than just putting the pollution problem behind them. Secondly, it is making efforts to preserve and pass on the traditional culture with its uniqueness and distinctiveness in the region while using it as content for modern pop culture to attract young people. The Daiyokkaichi Festival, which has become a citizen festival, is a “invention of tradition” based on traditional culture but adapted to the modern era. Third, the use of yokai culture in local revitalization is a notable feature. The yokai culture itself has the properties that allow for the creation of various images and rich stories. The characters function as a medium of communication and empathy with people, and it can be seen that they are expressed in a wonderful way through the use of the yokai theme. In addition, the media mix of cultural content using yokai characters is being attempted, which shows the diversity of stories and media conversion in Japanese culture. Fourth, the use of yokai characters to revitalize the region is encouraging local residents to participate in various ways. Yokkaichi's efforts can be seen in how they have led residents to think about how to create a festival and get them to participate. Regions are becoming more and more underdeveloped and declining due to population decline and regional disparities. This is the point where various approaches and solutions for the regeneration and revitalization of such regions should be sought. I think it is meaningful to look at the case of Yokkaichi City at a time when we need to think about what members should do for a sustainable region.

The purpose of this paper was to examine editions and works of the rare novel Zhang-Tai-Liu, examine the narrative of the work and the characteristics of the martial arts prototype, and analyze the activity of martial arts prototype. The Zhang-Tai-Liu is a rare novel composed of four volumes and 16 chapters by unidentified authors. A rare version of Qi Ru-shan is currently housed in the Harvard University YanJing Library. The creation period of the Zhang-Tai-Liu is very likely to be during the Qing Dynasty based on its evaded vocabulary and Zui-Yue-Lou publication. "Zhang-Tai" is said to have various meanings. In the work, "Zhang-Tai-Liu" refers to LiuJi living in a villa called Zhang-Tai. The narrative of the Zhang-Tai-Liu can be divided into extended love stories and war stories. Li Wang-Sun plays a prominent role in the love story while HouJieDu and XuYuHou play brilliantly in the war story. The characteristic of martial arts prototype that appeared in the work was that it did not spare money to help others, defeating enemy for the people, overcoming national crisis, and revealing the spirit of passion. It can be said that this prototype of martial arts is accepted in the form of HaoXia, XianXia, ZhongXia, and YiXia in later novels.

The purpose of this study was to examine how African culture was introduced, disseminated, and transformed within French culture by analyzing Africanisms, loanwords of African origin, included in French dictionaries. To achieve this, we utilized the etymological search function of an online version of the French dictionary, Le Petit Robert de la langue française, to extract loanwords of African origin. Extracted words were quantitatively analyzed based on four criteria: ‘introduction process and donor language’, ‘category, part of speech, and field of borrowing’, ‘period of appearance’, and ‘specific marker in a dictionary’. Based on our analysis results, we inferred patterns of African cultural diffusion in France by dividing them into three stages: ‘introduction patterns’, ‘settlement patterns’, and ‘transformation patterns’. Through this series of tasks, it was confirmed that it was a rare occurrence for African culture actively introduced from regions under French influence during the late First Colonial Empire and the early to mid Second Colonial Empire to deeply impact French culture.