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A Contrastive Study on Korean and Chinese Passive Expression: Centered on Korean Act Subject Marks and Chinese Passive Marks

YU Tong-Tong 1 Kim, In-kyun 1

1신라대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This paper is based on a comparative analysis of the Korean act subject marks ‘-에게(한테), -로, -에' and Chinese passive marks ‘被[bèi]/让[ràng]/叫[jiào]/给[gěi]’. Each distribution’s aspects and characteristics were examined and corresponding relationships were analyzed by comparison of these forms. The method of this comparative analysis focused on three aspects such as tangible characteristics of the two languages, selective restrictions on the ‘act subject’ or ‘passive subject’ in the passive expression, and constraints on the use of the act subject (passive) marks in the Korean passive expression by ‘받다’. In this comparative analysis Korean act subject markers ‘-에게(한테), -로, -에' and Chinese passive markers ‘被/让/叫/给’ are always as an adverb in passive expression in combination with the act subject. Despite this common point, some differences were revealed relative to the use of the two languages. First, we reveal that the ‘act subject’ and the conjoined manner follow the passive expression according to characteristics of the two languages. In addition, the act subject marks of Korean passive expressions ‘에게/한테, -에/로’ only serve as an investigative role. They are limited only to [±animate] of the act subject. But Chinese passive markers ‘被/让/叫/给’ are often restricted by [±animate] of passive subject, existence and non-existence of act subject. In the Korean passive expression by ‘받다’, it is used as act subject marks ‘에게/한테, -에/로’ but the Chinese passive marks are restricted by the meaning of lexical items in a sentence.

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