2005, Vol.1, No.1

Crisisonomy 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.64

pISSN : 2466-1198 / eISSN : 2466-1201
https://journal.kci.go.kr/cemtp

This paper aims at searching an effective approach for emergency management in terms of cognitive relativism. As the main goal of a nation is to protect the lives and properties of the people, the national security must be maintained for preserving their freedom. In this sense, emergency management is the top priority in state governance and prerequisite of policy paradigm. Emergency can be managed in terms of three stages: prevention, preparedness and treatment. In this paper, the writer reviews various approaches for emergency management and focuses on the systems and situational approaches in terms of cognitive relativism. For the whole viewpoint of state governance, emergency management needs to be dealt with as a part of policy process. For this purpose, the writer suggests the structural, procedural, managerial, behavioral, political, social, systems, comparative, and intuitive approaches. Since each approach has its merits and limitations, the writer discusses the usefulness of the situational approach which is to utilize strengths of each approach for synergistic effect. The situational approach in the paper implies that the systems approach is fundamentally relied upon along with partial use of other approaches

This study is to review the significance and necessity for academic research of the national crisis and emergency management. A study of crisis and emergency management has not been organized and systemized in the perspectives of interdisciplinary approach. So far, each individual researchers of the particular science have conducted his or her research of the crisis and emergency management separately. Now we have to study the crisis and emergency management in close cooperation for the purpose of academic systemization. On the basis of academic systemization, we, scholars and practitioners, are all able to develop the policy philosophy, ideology, and implement the real intention of the crisis and emergency management policy.

In the Western, risk studies which have relevance to measurement and assessment of acceptable risk criteria get divided three tendencies of their fundamental orientation and methods. There are risk-objectivism which make an formal- normative approach, and risk-subjectivism which make an psychological-cognitive approach, risk-constructivism which make an cultural-sociological approach. But they have assumed very serious aspect because their acceptable risk criteria justifies the control of government, and therefore degenerated into scientifical means which maximize the efficiency of national crisis management system. In this context with a scientifical discussion on risk- society which was detonated by Beck, the center of research activities changed from acceptable risk criteria to societal constructive conditions of risk. Perrow and Wildavsky, Giddens, Luhmann develop the discussion on risk-society into a societal theory of risk, including risk conflicts between the determinator and the persons concerned.