2014, Vol.12, No.1

Civil Society and NGO 2024 KCI Impact Factor : 0.84

pISSN : 1599-8568
https://journal.kci.go.kr/civil&NGO

Participatory Budgeting System is a practice that began in PortoAlegre City in the late 1980s. Participatory Budget System is introduced inorder to make up for limits of representative democracy and improvetransparency and efficiency of local finance by citizens taking part inbudget performance and setting priority in programs that they want. Therefore it is recognized as an effective way of involving local people inmaking decisions about how and where to spend local government's funds. In this paper for the purpose discussed on the theoretical background andthe Seoul Metropolitan City case of participatory budgeting. If citizens’sparticipatory budgeting system is the role of civil control device on thefinancial operations, citizens’s participatory budgeting system will bechanged as follows. First, Itself not only business of local government, allbusiness will be available for residents to participate. Second, the role andfunction of local assembly in the process of participatory budgeting shouldbe strengthen rather than now in many ways. Third, residents opinions willbe reflected in the budget to expand the scope of budget participation andto extend the period of activity of the citizens' committee.

As the social impact and awareness of Korean NGOs has beengrowing, more attention is paid to NGOs' internal decision-making processand organizational management. PSPD is one of those who have receivedkeen attention in this matter due to its social and political influence. Thispaper aims to review PSPD's internal governance focusing on thedemocratic participation of the rank-and-file members. PSPD has made a committment to make a democratic decision-makingstructure ever since its foundation 20 years ago. As a result, the generalmembers' participation is growing active. Representation of generalmembers based on lottery system, autonomy of implementing organs, anddecentralization provides supporting evidence for the positive evaluation interms of democracy. However, there are many challenges for upgrading thelevel of PSPD's democratic governance. The PSPD should step up the levelof members' representation in the high-level governance. Furthermore, theinstitutional reforms are necessary such as the functional division ofadministration and policy-making and restriction of the consecutive terms. In addition, deliberative democracy within PSPD should be intensified toengage the general members in the decision-making process with grass-rootrepresentation. With all these efforts, PSPD would promote internaldemocracy and social accountability.

The German Volkswagen Model was known as a typical social dialoguemodel that is composed of the strategic choice of the management andunions supported by the government. This study analyzes the work sharingthrough the reduction of working time focused on the German VolkswagenCase. At first, the employment crisis according to the coming of the jobreduction society is discussed to grasp the meaning of the work sharingthrough the reduction of working time on the basis of the theory ofpostindustrial society and the end of work. And then, the 28.8 workingweek and 5000x5000 projects at Volkswagen company is analyzed as arepresentative case for the cooperative social dialogue model. For thispurpose, the apporoach of the strategic choice by the management andunions is applied to the case. Thirdly, the implication of the Volkswagenmodel is reconstructed to suggest the perspectives and orientation for theKorea. The key factors of the Volkswagen model lies in the productivity andemployment. Productivity is linked to the strategy of the management thatseek after the flexibility of the labour market. On the contrary, theemployment stability to the strategy of the unions that pursues the timesovereignty of the workers.