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@article{ART001658830},
author={ILL SON},
title={The Challenges of England to the North Passages in the 1570's and the Contribution of Geographical Knowledge: Focused on John Dee},
journal={Journal of the Korean Cartographic Association},
issn={1598-6160},
year={2012},
volume={12},
number={1},
pages={63-84},
doi={}

TY - JOUR
AU - ILL SON
TI - The Challenges of England to the North Passages in the 1570's and the Contribution of Geographical Knowledge: Focused on John Dee
JO - Journal of the Korean Cartographic Association
PY - 2012
VL - 12
IS - 1
PB - The Korean Cartographic Association
SP - 63
EP - 84
SN - 1598-6160
AB - The advent of Mercator's world map in 1569 and Ortelius's world map in 1570 which depicted the feasibility of northwest passage positively, the rise of the new power elites such as Robert Dudley in England, the settlement of trans-pacific trade between Mexico and the Philippines, and the deepening conflicts between Spain and England urged England to engage in the East Indies trades. Consequently, a series of the northwest voyage of Frobisher, the circum-navigation of Drake, and the northeast voyage of Pet and Jackman were executed in the late of 1570's. Meanwhile, the role of John Dee at north voyage in the 1550's was restricted to an advisor to the art of navigation, but based on the his idea of British Empire, he propagandized the special political meanings of oversea exploration in the late of 1570's. At this time, the correspondences among Mercator, Dee, Ortelius and Hakluyt occured in order to discuss the information of the Arctic area. The intellectuals and explorers needed the knowledges of Mercator due to the interest of Northern territory, and Mercator also needed the England's informations about that region which were accumulated through the many explorations.
KW - Northwest passage;Northeast passage;Mercator;Dee;Ortelius;Frobisher;Drake;British Empire
DO -
ER -

ILL SON. (2012). The Challenges of England to the North Passages in the 1570's and the Contribution of Geographical Knowledge: Focused on John Dee. Journal of the Korean Cartographic Association, 12(1), 63-84.

ILL SON. 2012, "The Challenges of England to the North Passages in the 1570's and the Contribution of Geographical Knowledge: Focused on John Dee", Journal of the Korean Cartographic Association, vol.12, no.1 pp.63-84. Available from: doi:

ILL SON "The Challenges of England to the North Passages in the 1570's and the Contribution of Geographical Knowledge: Focused on John Dee" Journal of the Korean Cartographic Association 12.1 pp.63-84 (2012) : 63.

ILL SON. The Challenges of England to the North Passages in the 1570's and the Contribution of Geographical Knowledge: Focused on John Dee. 2012; 12(1), 63-84. Available from: doi:

ILL SON. "The Challenges of England to the North Passages in the 1570's and the Contribution of Geographical Knowledge: Focused on John Dee" Journal of the Korean Cartographic Association 12, no.1 (2012) : 63-84.doi:

ILL SON. The Challenges of England to the North Passages in the 1570's and the Contribution of Geographical Knowledge: Focused on John Dee. Journal of the Korean Cartographic Association, 12(1), 63-84. doi:

ILL SON. The Challenges of England to the North Passages in the 1570's and the Contribution of Geographical Knowledge: Focused on John Dee. Journal of the Korean Cartographic Association. 2012; 12(1) 63-84. doi:

ILL SON. The Challenges of England to the North Passages in the 1570's and the Contribution of Geographical Knowledge: Focused on John Dee. 2012; 12(1), 63-84. Available from: doi:

ILL SON. "The Challenges of England to the North Passages in the 1570's and the Contribution of Geographical Knowledge: Focused on John Dee" Journal of the Korean Cartographic Association 12, no.1 (2012) : 63-84.doi: