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Periodontal disease burden and metabolic syndrome among community-dwelling older adults in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

  • Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
  • Abbr : J Korean Soc Dent Hyg
  • 2026, 26(1), pp.23~32
  • DOI : 10.13065/jksdh.2026.26.1.3
  • Publisher : Korean Society of Dental Hygiene
  • Research Area : Medicine and Pharmacy > Dentistry
  • Received : November 24, 2025
  • Accepted : February 2, 2026
  • Published : February 27, 2026

Widita Elastria 1,  Rodestawati Budi 2,  Hanindriyo Lisdrianto 2,  Vega Christia Aye Waindy 2,  Nur’aini Bekti 2,  Naritasari Fimma 1,  Agustina Dewi 1

1Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
2Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada

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ABSTRACT

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between periodontal disease and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in older adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 122 older adults aged ≥ 60 years living in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Periodontal disease was assessed based on the number of sites of probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Five MetS components were assessed: obesity, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperglycemia. Older adults with abdominal obesity and at least two additional positive components were classified as having MetS. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between periodontal disease and MetS, after adjusting for covariates. Results: Twenty-three percent of the participants had three or more positive MetS components. A greater number of sites with PPD ≥ 4 mm and CAL ≥ 9 mm was significantly associated with MetS (p<0.05). PPD and CAL were analyzed using separate multivariate models. The number of sites with PPD ≥ 4 mm was significantly associated with MetS (OR=1.04; 95% CI=1.01–1.07), while a higher number of sites with CAL ≥ 9 mm was also associated with MetS (OR=1.19; 95% CI=1.06–1.32). Conclusions: The present findings demonstrate an association between periodontal disease and MetS in older adults. While statistically significant, this relationship should be interpreted with caution given the cross-sectional design. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the temporal pathways linking periodontal status and metabolic health.

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