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Conditions on the Cognitive Change Expression “Natteiru”: With a Focus on Comparative Expressions

  • The Japanese Language Association of Korea
  • Abbr : JLAK
  • 2020, (65), pp.97-114
  • DOI : 10.14817/jlak.2020.65.97
  • Publisher : The Japanese Language Association Of Korea
  • Research Area : Humanities > Japanese Language and Literature
  • Received : June 30, 2020
  • Accepted : August 21, 2020
  • Published : September 20, 2020

ueda hiroshi 1

1大東文化大学

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the conditions for establishing the cognitive change expression “natteiru (have become)” from the perspective of “construal”. The results of the observation are as follows. 1) When using the cognitive change expression “natteiru” in this state of comparison, the speaker recognizes the cognitive difference between the assumption and situation in front of their eyes as “change”. This kind of difference in recognition, in cases where the descriptive attribute is X, are expressed by the change scheme of “one object has become more X than another object.” 2) To use “natteiru” in a comparative situation, the difference between the two described attributes must be small. If there is the assumption of no difference between the two compared items, it is exceptionally easy to establish “natteiru” as an expression of cognitive change. 3) When focusing on the size of the object and using “natteiru,” the size and shape of the two compared items must be (almost) the same. When focusing on the height of the object and using “natteiru,” the shape of the two items compared does not necessarily need to be the same. 4) In a situation where one compares and describes height or body size that changed through immanent force, as the focus is on the actual change, one cannot use “natteiru”. However, when comparing the length of arms, as it is difficult to focus on changes due to immanent force, one can use “natteiru”. 5) “Natteiru” is often used in situations where one is comparing attributes gathered from perceptions. 6) In a comparative situation, “natteiru” basically does not co-occur with adjectives that include an evaluative meaning. This is because it is extremely difficult to demonstrate the differences in objective quantity in case of attributes expressed by adjectives that indicate the evaluative meaning.

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