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An Exploratory Study on Self-Esteem and Psychological Well-Being According to Unmet Care in Single-Person Households

  • The Journal of Transdisciplinary Studies
  • Abbr : JTS
  • 2026, 10(1), pp.29~40
  • Publisher : The Society for Transdisciplinary Studies
  • Research Area : Interdisciplinary Studies > Interdisciplinary Research
  • Received : March 6, 2026
  • Accepted : April 27, 2026
  • Published : April 30, 2026

Hwang Hye Jeong ORD ID 1,  Sookhee Im ORD ID 1,  Ga-Ram Lee 2

1건양사이버대학교
2건양대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to empirically identify the factors affecting self-esteem and psychological well-being among unmet care recipients in single-person households, with a focus on the interaction between economic and social factors. Methods: An online survey was conducted on 410 adults by a professional survey company with the approval of the Institutional Review Board (IRB). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 25 through reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, chi-squared test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. Results: First, economic insecurity (β = -0.248) was found to be the most significant negative factor affecting self-esteem, and unemployment also lowered self-esteem. In contrast, social leisure activities (β = 0.240), frequency of contact with family and friends (β = 0.161), level of education, and age significantly increased self-esteem. Second, positive psychological well-being was most strongly affected by social and leisure activities (β = 0.486), and the frequency of contact with family and friends also had a positive effect, whereas economic anxiety (β = -0.354) reduced positive well-being. Third, economic anxiety (β = 0.315) was the strongest factor increasing negative well-being, while social leisure activities and frequency of contact with family and friends reduced negative well-being, particularly among women. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the psychological state of unmet care recipients is shaped by the complex interaction of economic and social factors. Economic anxiety functions as a key risk factor, whereas social leisure activities and social relationships act as protective factors. This study is significant in that it empirically identifies the multidimensional structure of psychological well-being and the interaction between economic and social variables. Future research should verify causal relationships through longitudinal designs and examine differences according to types of social leisure activities, as well as the quality and frequency of social relationships.

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This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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