@article{ART002521258},
author={Kitajima Gishin(北島義信)},
title={Non-Violence Peace Building Movement in South Africa and Its Relationship with the Movement for Peace in Japan and Korea ―Focusing on the Satyagraha Thought},
journal={Religions of Korea},
issn={1738-3617},
year={2019},
volume={45},
pages={87-143}
TY - JOUR
AU - Kitajima Gishin(北島義信)
TI - Non-Violence Peace Building Movement in South Africa and Its Relationship with the Movement for Peace in Japan and Korea ―Focusing on the Satyagraha Thought
JO - Religions of Korea
PY - 2019
VL - 45
IS - null
PB - The Research Center of Religions
SP - 87
EP - 143
SN - 1738-3617
AB - There exist common points in the ideology of resistance against colonial rule from the middle of the 19th Century to the 20th Century. The first is the recognition that Ego-Centrism is at the core of the European Modernity, in which the others, namely, the colonized, are always deprived of their humanity.
The second is the presentation of an alternative Modernity based on indigenous cultures and religions as a protest against colonial occupation, and in this Modernity, ‘immanent (inherent) God’ and ‘transcendental (external) God’ as ‘the others’ are dialectically unified. The third is that this kind of Modernity is related with non-discrimination between oneself and others, and with interconnectedness.
In this thinking, there exists a direction for peace-building in a symbiotic society through changing the way of thinking of enemies by non-violence and disobedience. It is generated by religious spirituality.
In this respect, it is possible to call it ‘Indigenous Modernity’ or ‘Spiritual Modernity’ (Jo Sung Hwan, Ph.D) that could go beyond ‘European Modernity.’ We can find this kind of Indigenous Modernity in the thinking of the Satyagraha Movement that was led by Gandhi in South Africa. Through this movement, Indian laborers and Free-Indians united together, regardless of the difference of their religions, and they generated the possibility to build a symbiotic society in multi-racial South Africa and generated the foundation for the Anti-Apartheid Movement, as well as forcing the colonialist Europeans to recognize their human rights.
In London and Natal, South Africa, Gandhi learned that there existed Ego-Centrism in the European Modernity and it was the basis of their material richness, and ultimately, in order to protect the richness they were doomed to suppress the Non-Europeans. They feared Non-Europeans could become ‘civilized people.’ Gandhi thought that the struggle against oppression had to be based on the liberation from Ego-Centrism, and the struggle was to be generated from the Non-Violence inherent in Satya (Truth). Gandhi found that God immanent (inherent) in everyone and transcendental God are dialectically unified, and through the calling of Spirituality everyone can be active without any Ego-Centrism and thus can stand on the starting point of building a symbiotic society.
By analyzing the Satyagraha Movement, we can find not only the ideological basis for building the Non-Racial Peace Society in South Africa, but also find similarities with the Dong-Hak Movement (東学運動) and Tanaka Shozo’s thought based on Non-Violence.
KW - Gandhi;Satyagraha;Ego-Centrism;European Modernity;Apartheid;Dong-Hak (東学);Tanaka Shozo (田中正造).
DO -
UR -
ER -
Kitajima Gishin(北島義信). (2019). Non-Violence Peace Building Movement in South Africa and Its Relationship with the Movement for Peace in Japan and Korea ―Focusing on the Satyagraha Thought. Religions of Korea, 45, 87-143.
Kitajima Gishin(北島義信). 2019, "Non-Violence Peace Building Movement in South Africa and Its Relationship with the Movement for Peace in Japan and Korea ―Focusing on the Satyagraha Thought", Religions of Korea, vol.45, pp.87-143.
Kitajima Gishin(北島義信) "Non-Violence Peace Building Movement in South Africa and Its Relationship with the Movement for Peace in Japan and Korea ―Focusing on the Satyagraha Thought" Religions of Korea 45 pp.87-143 (2019) : 87.
Kitajima Gishin(北島義信). Non-Violence Peace Building Movement in South Africa and Its Relationship with the Movement for Peace in Japan and Korea ―Focusing on the Satyagraha Thought. 2019; 45 87-143.
Kitajima Gishin(北島義信). "Non-Violence Peace Building Movement in South Africa and Its Relationship with the Movement for Peace in Japan and Korea ―Focusing on the Satyagraha Thought" Religions of Korea 45(2019) : 87-143.
Kitajima Gishin(北島義信). Non-Violence Peace Building Movement in South Africa and Its Relationship with the Movement for Peace in Japan and Korea ―Focusing on the Satyagraha Thought. Religions of Korea, 45, 87-143.
Kitajima Gishin(北島義信). Non-Violence Peace Building Movement in South Africa and Its Relationship with the Movement for Peace in Japan and Korea ―Focusing on the Satyagraha Thought. Religions of Korea. 2019; 45 87-143.
Kitajima Gishin(北島義信). Non-Violence Peace Building Movement in South Africa and Its Relationship with the Movement for Peace in Japan and Korea ―Focusing on the Satyagraha Thought. 2019; 45 87-143.
Kitajima Gishin(北島義信). "Non-Violence Peace Building Movement in South Africa and Its Relationship with the Movement for Peace in Japan and Korea ―Focusing on the Satyagraha Thought" Religions of Korea 45(2019) : 87-143.
