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Comparison between the Weifa(未發) of Confucianism and the Spirit of Won-Buddhism: Focusing on Zhuzi(朱子) and Jungsan(鼎山)

PARK SUNGHO 1

1원광대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This paper compares the core concepts between Confucianism, the ideological soil of the modern ethnic religions in Korea, and Won Buddhism, a Korean ethnic religion cultivated in the Confucious soil. In particular, the study compares the concepts between the Weifa in Confucianism and the Spirit in Won Buddhism, which is to examine the intrinsic connection and differences between the core concepts from both microscopic and macroscopic perspectives. First, it is possible to argue that the mental concepts of the Weifa and the Spirit are similar in a cognitive manner. The Weifa of the mind is defined as “the not-dark perception(知覺不昧) at a not-yet-intentional state before human sentiments(思慮未萌)”, and the Spirit is defined as “the empty, numinous awareness(空寂靈知) in a clear and calm state(寂寂惺惺 and 惺惺寂寂)”, both of which indicate a bright state of mind where no delusions of discernment have occurred but cognitive perception is not dark. On the other hand, ontologically, the Weifa expressed by Zhuzi(朱子) is the intelligent perception of the mind that differs from nature(性), whereas the Spirit described by Jungsan(鼎山) refers to the original luminance of nature itself. Second, Zhuzi’s Weifa and Jungsan’s Spirit function not only as a subject of recognition but also as a subject of moral practice. Each also shows a connection in the point that cultivation in zhujing(主敬涵養) and spiritual cultivation(精神修養) are required as a prerequisite for establishing the subject. On the other hand, they show a difference in the judgement of the moral value of the subject. While Zhuzi values the inquiry into external objectives, Jungsan shows the inquiry into human affairs and universal principles accepting the Buddhist subjective idealism criticized by Zhuzi.

Citation status

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